重复经颅磁刺激治疗抑郁症的机制研究进展（英文）

概述:抑郁障碍是目前最常见的心理健康问题之一。然而,对于该疾病的基于机制的治疗方法仍然是难以捉摸的。重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)是一种非侵入性的程序,它可以以一种脉冲磁场来刺激大脑中的电活动,被认为是一种有效的抑郁症治疗方式。在这里,我们回顾了关于rTMS治疗抑郁症的临床和基础研究的主要发现,包括它的抗抑郁疗效,基本原理,调节神经回路、神经递质和脑网络、海马神经发生、和突出的功效,以及分子通路。

Testing the role of genetic variation of the MC4R gene in Chinese population in antipsychotic-induced metabolic disturbance

Antipsychotic-induced metabolic disturbance(AIMD) is a common adverse effect of antipsychotics with genetics partly underpinning variation in susceptibility among schizophrenia patients. Melanocortin4 receptor(MC4 R) gene, one of the candidate genes for AIMD, has been under-studied in the Chinese patients. We conducted a pharmacogenetic study in a large cohort of Chinese patients with schizophrenia. In this study, we investigated the genetic variation of MC4 R in Chinese population by genotyping two SNPs(rs489693 and rs17782313) in 1,991 Chinese patients and examined association of these variants with the metabolic effects that were often observed to be related to AIMD. Metabolic measures, including body mass index(BMI), waist circumference(WC), glucose, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein(HDL), and low-density lipoprotein(LDL) levels were assessed at baseline and after 6-week antipsychotic treatment. We found that interaction of SNP×medication status(drug-na?ve/medicated) was significantly associated with BMI, WC, and HDL change %, respectively. Both SNPs were significantly associated with baseline BMI and WC in the medicated group. Moderate association of rs489693 with WC, Triglyceride, and HDL change % were observed in the whole sample. In the drug-na?ve group, we found recessive effects of rs489693 on BMI gain more than 7%, WC and Triglyceride change %, with AA incurring more metabolic adverse effects. In conclusion, the association between rs489693 and the metabolic measures is ubiquitous but moderate. Rs17782313 is less involved in AIMD. Two SNPs confer risk of AIMD to patients treated with different antipsychotics in a similar way.

Interaction Between Variations in Dopamine D2 and Serotonin 2A Receptor is Associated with Short-Term Response to Antipsychotics in Schizophrenia

Dear Editor,Schizophrenia is a chronic and debilitating brain disorder,which has a strong genetic component with heritability ranging from 66%to 85%[1,2].Currently,antipsychotic drugs remain the most effective treatment for the psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia[3].Because of the severe sideeffects of first-generation antipsychotics(FGAs),secondgeneration antipsychotics(SGAs)have become more widely used in the treatment of schizophrenia.

Locomotor activity and anxiety status, but not spatial working memory,are affected in mice after brief exposure to cuprizone

Chronic long-term exposure to cuprizone causes severe brain demyelination in mice,which leads to changes in locomotion,working memory and anxiety.These findings suggest the importance of intact myelin for these behaviors.This study aimed to investigate the possible behavioral changes in mice with mild oligodendrocyte/myelin damage that parallels the white matter changes seen in the brains of patients with psychiatric disporders.We used the cuprizonetreated mouse model to test both tissue changes and behavioral functions（locomotor activity,anxiety status,and spatial working memory）.The results showed that mice given cuprizone in their diet for 7 days had no significant myelin breakdown as evaluated by immunohistochemical staining for myelin basic protein,while the number of mature oligodendrocytes was reduced.The number and length of Caspr protein clusters,a structural marker of the node of Ranvier,did not change.The locomotor activity of the cuprizonetreated mice increased whereas their anxiety levels were lower than in normal controls;spatial working memory,however,did not change.These results,for the first time,link emotion-related behavior with mild white matter damage in cuprizone-treated mice.