Fundamental Issues Towards Unified Design Theory of Recycled and Natural Aggregate Concrete Components

In the past 20 years,recycled aggregate concrete(RAC),as a type of low-carbon concrete,has become a worldwide focus of research.However,the design methodology for RAC structural components remains a challenge.Consequently,demands for a unified design of natural aggregate concrete(NAC)and RAC components have been presented.Accordingly,this study analyses the necessity of a unified design theory and provides an in-depth demonstration of the strength determination,compressive constitutive relationship,and design method of concrete components.The coefficient of variation of RAC strength is found to be generally higher than that of NAC strength.The compressive and tensile strengths of RAC can be defined and determined using the same method as that used for NAC.The uniaxial compressive constitutive relationship between NAC and RAC has a unified mathematical expression.However,the elastic modulus of RAC decreases,and its brittleness exhibits an increasing trend compared with that of NAC.Finally,to unify the design formulae of RAC and NAC components for bearing capacity,modification factors for RAC components are proposed considering safety and reliability.Additionally,the feasibility of the proposed unified time-dependent design theory is demonstrated in terms of conceptual design and structural measures considering the effects of strength degradation and reinforcement corrosion.It is believed that this study enriches and develops the basic theory of concrete structures.

Anthocyanin Biosynthesis Gene Analysis of Lonicera caerulea L. by RNA-seq and DGE

Fruit of Lonicera caerulea L. is a rich source of phenolic compounds such as phenolic acids as well as anthocyanins,proanthocyanidins and other flavonoids,which display potential health-promoting effects. However,its genetics and genomic information is limited. Transcriptome and digital gene expression( DGE) profiles of fruit at four different development stages were compared. Related genes with anthocyanin biosynthesis were compared using real-time quantitative PCR( qRT-PCR). RNA-Seq generated 6. 26-Gb clean reads,which was then de novo assembled into 45,656 UniG enes with a mean length 837 bp. A total of 7 928 unigenes were annotated into 32 known metabolic or signaling pathways in which a few primary,intermediate,and secondary metabolic pathways are directly related to fruit quality. The result of DGE and qRT-PCR indicates that UFGT( comp20132_c0) may play a key role in honeysuckle coloration. This provides a reference for the study of complicated metabolism in non-model perennial species.

Investigation on Diseases and Pests of Grape Under Rain Shelter Cultivation in Shandong Province

In order to make clear the effects of rain shelter cultivation on the incidence of diseases and pests of grape in Shandong Province,with Summer Black as the material,the diseases and pests of grape under rain shelter cultivation and open field cultivation in Tai'an and Jining were investigated.The results showed that under the rain shelter cultivation condition,the phenological period of grape delayed 5-8 d.The types of grape diseases and pests under the rain shelter cultivation were the same as those in the open filed cultivation.The most serious pests were Apolygus lucorum,followed by Lycorma delicatula,Erythreura apicalis and Thrips tabaci.The most serious leaf disease was downy mildew,and the most serious disease of grape berries was grape sour rot.Compared with the open field cultivation,the rain shelter cultivation could effectively reduce the incidence of pests and diseases in grape leaves and fruit.At the end of May 2018 and 2019,the occurrence rate of grape pests under the rain shelter cultivation in Tai'an reduced by 57.69%and 60.47%,respectively,and those in Jining reduced by 72.22%and 62.50%,respectively.In the middle of July of 2018 and 2019,the incidence of grape fruit diseases under the rain shelter cultivation in Tai'an reduced by 62.49%and 50.07%,respectively,and that in Jining reduced by 49.96%and 100%,respectively.

Technical Regulations for Rain Shelter Cultivation of Summer Black Grape

The Technical Regulations for Rain Shelter Cultivation of Summer Black Grape(T/SDAS 36-2018)stipulates the terms and definitions of rain shelter cultivation technique of summer black grape,producing area environment,construction of rain shelter,seedling planting,types and con-struction of grape trellis,training and pruning,flower and fruit management,water and fertilizer management,disease and pest control,harvest,packing and storage,etc.,which is suitable for summer black grape planting in Shandong and the areas of the same ecological type in China.

Effect of Shoot-Fruit Ratio on Grape Yield,Quality and Storage Nutrient

With the grape variety ＂Summer Black＂ as the test material, the effects of different shoot-fruit ratios on grape yield, fruit quality and grapevine storage nutrient were investigated for 2 consecutive years, so as to determine the optimized load for Summer Black grapes in Shandong. The results showed that the grapes with shoot-fruit ratio of 1∶ 1 had the highest soluble solid content, vitamin C content and grapevine storage nutrient. Based on the comprehensive analysis, the shoot-fruit ratio of 1∶ 1 was the optimized load for Summer Black grapes in Tai an of Shandong Province, and the yield was 1 179.37-1 288.63 kg per 667 m^2.

Study on the Culture Conditions for Hairy Roots of Aconitum coreanum( Levl.) Raipaics

[Objective]This study aimed to investigate the culture conditions for hairy roots of Aconitum coreanum（Levl.）Raipaics and optimize the amplification culture conditions in bioreactors,thus providing basis for large-scale production of A.coreanum hairy roots.[Method]The effects of different p H,culture modes and culture vessels on the growth of hairy roots were compared to obtain the optimal culture conditions for A.coreanum hairy roots.Moreover,the effects of medium volume and inoculation mode on bioreactor culture of A.coreanum hairy roots were investigated to analyze the feasibility of amplification culture of hairy roots in bioreactors.[Result]After autoclaving,medium p H was reduced slightly and the clarity of medium varied.To be specific,A.coreanum hairy roots cultured in medium at p H 5.80 exhibited the best growth.A.coreanum hairy roots cultured in liquid medium displayed more rapid growth than hairy roots cultured in solid medium.Medium p H and electrical conductivity（EC）varied with the extension of culture time.The yield and propagation coefficient of A.coreanum hairy roots were positively correlated with the size of culture vessels.The growth of hairy roots cultured in bioreactors were influenced by medium volumes and inoculation modes.[Conclusion]The growth of A.coreanum hairy roots were significantly influenced by medium p H,culture modes and culture vessels.A.coreanum hairy roots cultured in bioreactors exhibited high yield and large propagation coefficient.According to the results,the relationship between ventilation volume and hairy root density is crucial to the amplification culture of A.coreanum hairy roots.

Gate-tunable large-scale flexible monolayer MoS_(2)devices for photodetectors and optoelectronic synapses

Photodetectors and optoelectronic synapses are vital for construction of artificial visual perception system.However,the hardware implementations of optoelectronic-neuromorphic devices based on conventional architecture usually suffer from poor scalability,light response range,and limited functionalities.Here,large-scale flexible monolayer MoS_(2)devices integrating photodetectors and optoelectronic synapses over the entire visible spectrum in one device have been realized,which can be used in photodetection,optical communication,artificial visual perception system,and optical artificial neural network.By modulating gate voltages,we enable MoS_(2)-based devices to be photodetectors and also optoelectronic synapses.Importantly,the MoS_(2)-based optoelectronic synapses could implement many synaptic functions and neuromorphic characteristics,such as short-term memory(STM),long-term memory(LTM),paired-pulse facilitation(PPF),long-term potentiation(LTP)/long-term depression(LTD),and“learning-experience”behavior.Furthermore,an associative learning behavior(the classical conditioning Pavlov’s dog experiment)was emulated using paired stimulation of optical and voltage pulses.These results facilitate the development of MoS_(2)-based multifunctional optoelectronic devices with a simple device structure,showing great potential for photodetection,optoelectronic neuromorphic computing,human visual systems mimicking,as well as wearable and implantable electronics.

Application of mathematical morphology operation with memristor-based computation-in-memory architecture for detecting manufacturing defects

Mathematical morphology operations are widely used in image processing such as defect analysis in semiconductor manufacturing and medical image analysis.These data-intensive applications have high requirements during hardware implementation that are challenging for conventional hardware platforms such as central processing units(CPUs)and graphics processing units(GPUs).Computation-in-memory(CIM)provides a possible solution for highly efficient morphology operations.In this study,we demonstrate the application of morphology operation with a novel memristor-based auto-detection architecture and demonstrate non-neuromoq)hic computation on a multi-array-based memristor system.Pixel-by-pixel logic computations with low parallelism are converted to parallel operations using memristors.Moreover,hardware-implemented computer-integrated manufacturing was used to experimentally demonstrate typical defect detection tasks in integrated circuit(IC)manufacturing and medical image analysis.In addition,we developed a new implementation scheme employing a four-layer network to realize small-object detection with high parallelism.The system benchmark based on the hardware measurement results showed significant improvement in the energy efficiency by approximately 358 times and 32 times more than when a CPU and GPU were employed,respectively,exhibiting the advantage of the proposed memristor-based morphology operation.