Helium-hydrogen synergistic effects on swelling in in-situ multiple-ion beams irradiated steels

The development of reliable fusion energy is one of the most important challenges in this century.The accelerated degradation of structural materials in fusion reactors caused by neutron irradiation would cause severe problems.Due to the lack of suitable fusion neutron testing facilities,we have to rely on ion irradiation experiments to test candidate materials in fusion reactors.Moreover,fusion neutron irradiation effects are accompanied by the simultaneous transmutation production of helium and hydrogen.One important method to study the He-H synergistic effects in materials is multiple simultaneous ion beams(MSIB)irradiation that has been studied for decades.To date,there is no convincing conclusion on these He-H synergistic effects among these experiments.Recently,a multiple ion beam in-situ transmission electron microscopy(TEM)analysis facility was developed in Xiamen University(XIAMEN facility),which is the first triple beam system and the only in-running in-situ irradiation facility with TEM in China.In this work,we conducted the first high-temperature triple simultaneous ion beams irradiation experiment with TEM observation using the XIAMEN facility.The responses to in-situ triple-ion beams irradiation in austenitic steel 304L SS and ferritic/martensitic steel CLF-1 were studied and compared with the results in dual-and single-ion beam(s)irradiated steels.Synergistic effects were observed in MSIB irradiated steels.Helium was found to be critical for cavity formation,while hydrogen has strong synergistic effect on increasing swelling.

Two nanobody‑based immunoassays to differentiate antibodies against genotype 1 and 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV)infection causes significant economic loss to the global pig industry.Genotype 1 and 2 PRRSV(PRRSV-1 and-2)infections have been reported in China,Europe and America.For accurate prevention,nanobodies were first used as diagnostic reagents for PRRSV typing.In this study three nanobodies targeting both PRRSV-1 and-2,two targeting PRRSV-1 and three targeting PRRSV-2,were screened and produced.To develop two competitive ELISAs(cELISAs),the g1-2-PRRSV-Nb3-HRP nanobody was chosen for the g1-2-cELISA,to detect common antibodies against PRRSV-1 and-2,and the g1-PRRSV-Nb136-HRP nanobody was chosen for the g1-cELISA,to detect anti-PRRSV-1 antibodies.The two cELISAs were developed using PRRSV-1-N protein as coating antigen,and the amounts for both were 100 ng/well.The optimized dilution of testing pig sera was 1:20,the optimized reaction times were 30 min,and the colorimetric reaction times were 15 min.Then,the cut-off values of the g1-2-cELISA and g1-cELISA were 26.6%and 35.6%,respectively.Both of them have high sensitivity,strong specificity,good repeatability,and stability.In addition,for the 1534 clinical pig sera,an agreement rate of 99.02%(Kappa values=0.97)was determined between the g1-2-cELISA and the commercial IDEXX ELISA kit.For the g1-cELSIA,it can specifically detect anti-PRRSV-1 antibodies in the clinical pig sera.Importantly,combining two nanobody-based cELISAs can differentially detect antibodies against PRRSV-1 and-2.

Ordered Macroporous MoS_(2)-Carbon Composite with Fast and Robust Sodium Storage Properties to Solve the Issue of Kinetics Mismatch of Sodium-Ion Capacitors

Metal-ion capacitors(including Li^(+),Na^(+),and K^(+))effectively combine a battery negative electrode capable of reversibly intercalating metal cations,together with an electrical double-layer positive electrode.However,such novel cell design has a birth defect,namely kinetics mismatch between sluggish negative electrode and fast positive electrode,thus limiting the energy-power performance.Herein,we design a MoS_(2)-carbon composite anode with the ordered macroporous architecture and interlayer-expanded feature,exhibiting the fast and reversible Na^(+)redox processes.This kinetically favored anode is coupled with a homemade activated carbon cathode that allows for the excellent electrochemical performance of sodiumion capacitor with respect to large specific capacity,high-rate capability,and robust cycling.Through quantification of the potential swings of anode and cathode via a three-electrode Swagelok cell,we for the first time observe the abnormal variation law of potential swings and thus directly providing the evidence that the kinetics gap has been filled up by this kinetically favored anode.Our results represent a crucial step toward understanding the key issues of kinetics mismatch for hybrid cell,thus propelling the development of design of kinetically favored anode materials for high-performance metalion capacitors.

Azimuthal Variations of the Convective-scale Structure in a Simulated Tropical Cyclone Principal Rainband

Previous numerical simulations have focused mainly on the mesoscale structure of the principal rainband in tropical cyclones with a relatively coarse model resolution.In this study,the principal rainband was simulated in a semi-idealized experiment at a horizontal grid spacing of 1/9 km and its convective-scale structure was examined by comparing the convective elements of the simulated principal rainband with previous observational studies.It is found that the convective scale structure of the simulated principal rainband is well comparable to the observation.The azimuthal variations of the convective scale structure were examined by dividing the simulated principal rainband into the upwind,middle and downwind portions.Some new features are found in the simulated principal rainband.First,the overturning updraft contains small-scale rolls aligned along the inward side of the outward-leaning reflectivity tower in the middle portion.Second,the inner-edge downdraft is combined with a branch of inflow from the upper levels in middle and downwind portions,carrying upper-level dry air to the region between the overturning updrafts and eyewall,and the intrusion of the upper-level dry air further limits the altitude of the overturning updrafts in the middle and downwind portions of the principal rainband.Third,from the middle to downwind portions,the strength of the secondary horizontal wind maximum is gradually replaced by a low-level maximum of the tangential wind collocated with the low-level downdraft.

High Order Finite Difference WENO Methods for Shallow Water Equations on Curvilinear Meshes

A high order finite difference numerical scheme is developed for the shallow water equations on curvilinear meshes based on an alternative flux formulation of the weighted essentially non-oscillatory(WENO)scheme.The exact C-property is investigated,and comparison with the standard finite difference WENO scheme is made.Theoretical derivation and numerical results show that the proposed finite difference WENO scheme can maintain the exact C-property on both stationarily and dynamically generalized coordinate systems.The Harten-Lax-van Leer type flux is developed on general curvilinear meshes in two dimensions and verified on a number of benchmark problems,indicating smaller errors compared with the Lax-Friedrichs solver.In addition,we propose a positivity-preserving limiter on stationary meshes such that the scheme can preserve the non-negativity of the water height without loss of mass conservation.

Simulation of Extreme Updrafts in the Tropical Cyclone Eyewall

Strong vertical motion(>10 m s-1)has profound implications for tropical cyclone(TC)structure changes and intensity.While extreme updrafts in the TC are occasionally observed in real TCs,the associated small-scale features remain unclear.Based on an analysis of the extreme eyewall updrafts in two numerical experiments conducted with the Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)model,in which the large-eddy simulation(LES)technique was used with the finest grid spacings of 37 and 111 m,for the first time this study demonstrates that the simulated extreme updrafts that occur mainly in the enhanced eyewall convection on the down-shear left side are comparable to available observations.The simulated extreme updraft exhibits relatively high frequencies in the lower(750 m),middle(6.5 km)and upper(13 km)troposphere,which are associated with different types of small-scale structures.While the lower-level extreme updraft is mainly related to the tornado-scale vortex,the extreme updraft at upper levels is closely associated with a pair of counter-rotating horizontal rolls oriented generally along the TC tangential flow,which are closely associated with the enhanced eyewall convection.The extreme updraft at middle levels is related to relatively complicated small-scale structures.The study suggests that extreme updrafts can be simulated when the grid spacing is about 100 m or less in the WRF-LES framework,although the simulated small-scale features need further verification in both observation and simulation.

不同粒径银纳米粒子本征手性的研究

本文利用柠檬酸-单宁酸还原法制备了一系列不同粒径的银纳米粒子(AgNPs).通过圆二色(CD)光谱对所得AgNPs的手性进行表征.实验发现,小粒径AgNPs(~11nm)表现出与大粒径AuNPs(>32nm)相反的手性.根据这一性质,将不同尺寸的AgNPs应用于酒石酸对映体的识别.用高分辨透射电子显微镜表征了不同粒径AgNPs的形貌,发现所制备的AuNPs均为五重孪晶.仔细对比了小粒径AgNPs和大粒径AgNPs的孪晶结构,发现五重孪晶AgNPs的晶面种类和晶格取向可能是AgNPs内在手性的产生原因.本文将有助于加深对贵金属纳米粒子内在手性的理解,为设计和制备纳米手性探针提供了一定的有益参考.

Nanobodies against African swine fever virus p72 and CD2v proteins as reagents for developing two cELISAs to detect viral antibodies

African swine fever virus(ASFV)poses a significant threat to the global swine industry.Currently,there are no effective vaccines or treatments available to combat ASFV infection in pigs.The primary means of controlling the spread of the disease is through rapid detection and subsequent elimination of infected pig.Recently,a lower virulent ASFV isolate with a deleted EP402R gene(CD2v-deleted)has been reported in China,which further complicates the control of ASFV infection in pig farms.Furthermore,an EP402R-deleted ASFV variant has been developed as a potential live attenuated vaccine candidate strain.Therefore,it is crucial to develop detection methods that can distinguish wild-type and EP402R-deleted ASFV infections.In this study,two recombinant ASFV-p72 and-CD2v proteins were expressed using a prokaryotic system and used to immunize Bactrian camels.Subsequently,eight nanobodies against ASFV-p72 and ten nanobodies against ASFV-CD2v were screened.Following the production of these nanobodies with horse radish peroxidase(HRP)fusion proteins,the ASFV-p72-Nb2-HRP and ASFV-CD2v-Nb22-HRP fusions were selected for the development of two competitive ELISAs(cELISAs)to detect anti-ASFV antibodies.The two cELISAs exhibited high sensitivity,good specificity,repeatability,and stability.The coincidence rate between the two cELISAs and commercial ELISA kits was 98.6%and 97.6%,respectively.Collectively,the two cELISA for detecting antibodies against ASFV demonstrated ease of operation,a low cost,and a simple production process.The two cELISAs could determine whether pigs were infected with wild-type or CD2v-deleted ASFV,and could play an important role in monitoring ASFV infections in pig farms.

Model based on single-nucleotide polymorphism to discriminate aspirin resistance patients

Background Aspirin is widely used for preventing ischaemic events.About 20%–40%of patients have aspirin resistance(ASR),which prevents them from benefiting from aspirin medication.This study aimed to develop and validate a model based on single-nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)to distinguish ASR patients.Methods We included patients with spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage and continuing antiplatelet therapy from a multicentre,prospective cohort study as the derivation cohort.Thromboelastography(inhibition of arachidonic acid channel<50%)was used to identify ASR.Genotyping was performed to identify the ASR-related SNP.Based on the result of the logistic analysis,the aspirin resistance in the Chinese population score(ASR-CN score)was established,and its accuracy was evaluated using the area under the curve(AUC).Patients receiving dual antiplatelet therapy for unruptured intracranial aneurysm embolism were prospectively included in the validation cohort.After embolism,30-day ischaemic events,including ischaemic stroke,new or more frequent transient ischaemic attack,stent thrombosis and cerebrovascular death,were recorded.Results The derivation cohort included 212 patients(155 male patients and the median age as 59).87(41.0%)individuals were identified with ASR.The multivariate logistic analysis demonstrated six SNPs of GP1BA,TBXA2R,PTGS2 and NOS3 as risk factors related to ASR.The ASR-CN score integrating these SNPs performed well to discriminate ASR patients from non-ASR patients(AUC as 0.77).Based on the validation cohort of 372 patients receiving antiplatelet therapy after embolism(including 130 ASR patients),the ASR-CN score continued to distinguish ASR patients with good accuracy(AUC as 0.80).Patients with high a ASR-CN score were more likely to suffer from 30-day ischaemic events after embolism(OR,1.28;95%CI,1.10 to 1.50;p=0.002).Conclusion GP1BA,TBXA2R,PTGS2 and NOS3 were SNPs related to ASR.The ASR-CN score is an effective tool to discriminate ASR patients,which may guide antiplatelet therapy.Clinical trial registration Surgical Treatments of Antiplatelet Intracerebral Hemorrhage cohort(unique identifier:ChiCTR1900024406,http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=40640&htm=4).

中国人群颅内动脉瘤不稳定性的标志物及风险分层模型

评估颅内动脉瘤的不稳定风险(破裂和生长风险)对于指导未破裂颅内动脉瘤(UIA)的治疗决策具有重要意义.本研究自2017年1月-2022年1月前瞻性地纳入了UIA患者,进行了2年的随访,并进一步分为发掘队列和验证队列,主要终点事件是UIA的不稳定事件,定义为在随访期内,动脉瘤出现破裂、大小生长或者形态学改变.基于758个UIA患者的发掘队列,联合影像特点和多组学分析,发现大小指数、形态不规则、油酸、花生四烯酸、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)是UIA出现不稳定事件的危险因素.进一步分析显示,组织中和血清中油酸和花生四烯酸的表达水平有一致性趋势.运用机器学习算法,本研究构建了不稳定分类器,并能较好地识别发掘队列中的不稳定UIA(曲线下面积(AUC)为0.94).在含492个UIA患者的验证队列中,该分类器也能很好地识别不稳定UIA(AUC为0.89).基于大鼠颅内动脉瘤模型,发现干预油酸、IL-1β和TNF-α能预防UIA破裂.本研究基于中国人群揭示了UIA不稳定风险的标志物,并提供了一个风险分层模型,有望指导UIA的临床决策.

From cerebrovascular diseases to neuro-co-cardiological diseases:a challenge in the new epoch

Cerebrovascular and cardiological diseases are regarded as the leading cause of mortality among the Chinese population[1,2].Notably,there is a special condition characterized by the coexistence of cerebrovascular and cardiological diseases,also defned as neuro-co-cardiological diseases.As the Chinese population ages,the prevalence of neuro-cardiological diseases will rise.

The diagnosis and treatment strategy of occipital skull mass in hemophilic patients: a rare case report and literature review

Cranial hemophilic pseudotumor (cHPT) is a very rare disease, which is easy to misdiagnose. It is also difficult to manage such patients. We reported the first case of occipital cHPT. Case presentation: Here, we presented a rare case of an occipital bone mass in a 3-year-old boy who was diagnosed with hemophilia A. The mass was misdiagnosed as an aneurysmal bone cyst by pathological examination. After resection, the patient underwent one-stage cranioplasty. However, the patient was admitted again for hematoma caused by an invasive procedure. A second surgery and one-stage cranioplasty were performed at the same time. A follow-up 3 months after discharging showed the patient was uneventful, and the titanium mesh was well fixed. Conclusion: The diagnosis of cHPT requires the combining of history, radiological examination, and pathological examination. Resection is the best choice for symptomatic cHPT. Replacement treatment and less invasive treatment can make perioperative management safer. One-stage cranioplasty for resection of an occipital cHPT can improve the quality of life.

Microsurgical ligation for incompletely coiled or recurrent intracranial aneurysms:a 17-year single-center experience

Background:In this retrospective single-center study,we presented our experience in the microsurgical management of incompletely coiled or recurrent aneurysms after initial endovascular coiling.Methods:During a 17-year period,48 patients underwent microsurgical clipping of incompletely coiled or recurrent aneurysms after coiling (Gurian group B).The clinical data,surgical technique,and postoperative outcome were recorded and analyzed.Results:Before coiling,42 patients (87.5%) experienced aneurysm rupture.Most of the aneurysms (46/48,96%) were located in the anterior circulation.After coiling,6 patients had incompletely coiled aneurysms and 42 patients had recurrent aneurysms,with a mean time of 20.2 months from coiling to recurrence.Coil extrusion occurred in none of the incompletely coiled aneurysms and 71% (30/42) of the recurrent aneurysms.Clipping techniques are direct microsurgical clipping without coil removal in 16 patients,partial coil removal in 14 patients,and total coil removal in 18 patients.Postoperative and follow-up angiography revealed complete occlusion of the aneurysms in all patients.No patient died during postoperative follow-up period (mean,78.9 months;range,10-190 months).Good outcomes (GOS of 4 or 5) were achieved in 87.5% (42/48) of the patients at the final follow-up.Conclusions:Microsurgical clipping is effective for incompletely coiled or recurrent aneurysms after initial coiling.For recurrent aneurysms that have coils in the neck,have no adequate neck for clipping,or cause mass effects on surrounding structures,partial or total removal of coiled mass can facilitate surgical clipping and lead to successful obliteration of the aneurysms.