A heightened understanding of nucleation and growth mechanisms is paramount if effective solution processing of organic-inorganic perovskite thin-films for optoelectronic applications is to be achieved. Many fabri- ca...A heightened understanding of nucleation and growth mechanisms is paramount if effective solution processing of organic-inorganic perovskite thin-films for optoelectronic applications is to be achieved. Many fabri- cation techniques have been utilized previously to develop high-performance perovskite layers but there remains an absence of a unifying model that describes accurately the formation of these materials from solution. The present study provides a thorough analysis of nucleation and growth kinetics underpinning the development of hybrid organic-in- organic perovskite thin-films. Through precise control of the perovskite growth conditions the spacing of heteroge- neous nucleation sites was varied successfully from several hundred nanometers to several hundred microns. The crystalline regions surrounding these nuclei were found to comprise clusters of highly-oriented crystal domains exceed- ing 100 pm in diameter. However, no beneficial correlation was found between the size of these well-oriented grain-clus- ters and the optoelectronic performance. The formation of the perovskite microstructure features characteristics of both classical and non-classical growth mechanisms. The insights into perovskite thin-film growth developed by the present study provide clear implications for the development of future hybrid perovskite microstructures.展开更多
基金the financial support from the Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA)the Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics (ACAP)the ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science
文摘A heightened understanding of nucleation and growth mechanisms is paramount if effective solution processing of organic-inorganic perovskite thin-films for optoelectronic applications is to be achieved. Many fabri- cation techniques have been utilized previously to develop high-performance perovskite layers but there remains an absence of a unifying model that describes accurately the formation of these materials from solution. The present study provides a thorough analysis of nucleation and growth kinetics underpinning the development of hybrid organic-in- organic perovskite thin-films. Through precise control of the perovskite growth conditions the spacing of heteroge- neous nucleation sites was varied successfully from several hundred nanometers to several hundred microns. The crystalline regions surrounding these nuclei were found to comprise clusters of highly-oriented crystal domains exceed- ing 100 pm in diameter. However, no beneficial correlation was found between the size of these well-oriented grain-clus- ters and the optoelectronic performance. The formation of the perovskite microstructure features characteristics of both classical and non-classical growth mechanisms. The insights into perovskite thin-film growth developed by the present study provide clear implications for the development of future hybrid perovskite microstructures.
