基于粗糙集理论的正交设计提取工艺因素方法的研究

目的研究药物制剂生产过程中因素之间的内在规律,探讨应用粗糙集理论寻求最优的工艺方案方法。方法以经典名方四物汤为例,利用正交设计试验预处理数据,建立决策表,利用粗糙集规则模型进行分析。结果当四物汤的提取时间、加水量和提取次数的因素水平逐渐增高时,多糖成分含量水平也呈递增趋势。当提取时间为1.5小时、加水量为1∶20、提取次数为2次时,试验结果最好,为四物汤优化提取工艺的三因素三水平最佳组合。结论应用粗糙集理论可以探究药物制剂生产工艺因素之间以及因素与试验结果之间的相关关系,更全面地揭示其内在动态规律,并提供一种新颖的研究方法,进一步提高药物制剂的工艺质量。

Function of IgD on lymphocyte activation and effect of hIgD-Fc-Ig fusion protein on human PBMC proliferation

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the influence of IgD on T/B cell activation and construct h IgD-Fc-Igfusion protein to competitive inhibition IgD binding with IgDR.METHODS T/B cells were sorted by magnetic cell sorting.The differences of m IgD and IgD-R level between different T/B cell subtypes were detected by FCM.Serum IgD level was detected by ELISA.Human IgD-Fc-IgG1-Fc sequence was amplified by cross-PCR and then subcloned into PET28 a(+) empty vector.After prokaryotic expression through escherichia coli,we obtained the h IgD-Fc-Igfusion protein by affinity chromatograph.Western blot was used to identify the h IgD-Fc-Igfusion protein.Human peripheral blood monouclear cells(PBMC) and fibroblast like synoviocytes(FLS) proliferation were detected using a cell counting kit-8(CCK-8).RESULTS The percentage of CD3^+/CD4^+,CD3^+/IgD^+,CD3^+/CD4^+/IgD^+,CD3^+/IgD-R+and CD3^+/CD4^+/IgD-R+cells increased significantly in RA patients comparing to healthy people.IgD can stimulate PBMC proliferation.IgD(1,3,10,30 μg·mL^(-1)) stimulate PBMC proliferation significantly after 24 h.We obtained stable and active h IgD-Fc-Igfusion protein.The h IgD-Fc-Igfusion protein showed no effect on PBMC proliferation.But it could downregulate human IgD protein promoting proliferation effects in human PBMC.CONCLUSION This result suggests that IgD and IgDR play an important role on T/B cell activation in RA patients and the h IgD-Fc-Igfusion protein may competitively inhibit IgD′s function and may play an therapeutic role in autoimmune diseases.

Nonlinear inversion of ultrasonic guided waves for in vivo evaluation of cortical bone properties

Ultrasonic guided waves(UGWs),which propagate throughout the entire thickness of cortical bone,are attractive for the early diagnosis of osteoporosis.However,this is challenging due to the impact of soft tissue and the inherent difficulties related to multiparametric inversion of cortical bone quality factors,such as cortical thickness and bulk wave velocity.Therefore,in this research,a UGW-based multi-parameter inversion algorithm is developed to predict strength-related factors.In simulation,a free plate(cortical bone)and a bilayer plate(soft tissue and cortical bone)are used to validate the proposed method.The inversed cortical thickness(CTh),longitudinal velocity(V_(L))and transverse velocity(V_(T))are in accordance with the true values.Then four bovine cortical bone plates were used in in vitro experiments.Compared with the reference values,the relative errors for cortical thickness were 3.96%,0.83%,2.87%,and 4.25%,respectively.In the in vivo measurements,UGWs are collected from the tibias of 10 volunteers.The theoretical dispersion curves depicted by the estimated parameters(V_(T),V_(L),CTh)match well with the extracted experimental ones.In comparison with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry,our results show that the estimated transverse velocity and cortical thickness are highly sensitive to osteoporosis.Therefore,these two parameters(CTh and V_(T))of long bones have potential to be used for diagnosis of bone status in clinical applications.

Effects of immunoglobulin D on expression of IgD receptor and protein tyrosine kinase signaling in human CD4^+ T cells

OBJECTIVE To observe whether human CD4^+T cells could be activated by immuno-globulin D(IgD) via IgD receptor(IgDR)-Lck.METHODS Human CD4^+T cells were purified from peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) with microbeads.The viability of T cells were detected by CCK-8.The binding affinity and expression of IgDR on T cells were detected by flow cytometry.The protein expression of IgDR,Lck and P-Lck were analyzed by western blot.RESULTS IgD could concentration-dependent bind to IgDR on CD4^+T cells.The expression of IgDR was increased in response to treatment with IgD in a time-dependent and concentration-dependent manner.Stimulating by IgD resulted in enhanced phosphorylation of Lck compared with that in the medium control sample.The expression of Lck was not changed.As inhibitor of PTK,Herbimycin A or A770041,which combined with IgD could significantly inhibit phosphorylation of Lck(Tyr^(394)).The proliferation promoting effect of IgD was blocked by Herbimycin A or A770041.IgD could stimulate CD4^+T cell activation and proliferation through upregulating activating tyrosine residue of Lck(Tyr^(394)) phosphorylation.CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that IgD exaggerates CD4^+T cell activities,which may be through promoting Lck phosphorylation.

Three-in-one incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma,cholangiocellular carcinoma,and neuroendocrine carcinoma:A case report

BACKGROUND Primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma(NEC)is rare,and a combination with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and cholangiocarcinoma(CCA)is extremely rare.To date,only four combination cases have been reported.The present paper describes the fifth patient.CASE SUMMARY A 32-year-old Chinese man with chronic hepatitis B was hospitalized for persistent upper abdominal pain.Abdominal computed tomography(CT)examination revealed a liver mass.The tumor was located in the 7th and 8th segments of the liver,and CT and magnetic resonance imaging findings were consistent with the diagnosis of HCC.Laboratory examinations revealed the following:Alanine aminotransferase,243 U/L;aspartate aminotransferase,167 U/L;alpha-fetoprotein,4519μg/L.Laparoscopic right lobe hepatectomy was performed on the liver mass.Postoperative pathology showed low differentiation HCC plus medium and low differentiation CCA combined with NEC.One month after the surgery,the patient suffered from epigastric pain again.Liver metastasis was detected by CT,and tumor transcatheter arterial chemoembolization was performed.Unfortunately,the liver tumor was progressively increased and enlarged,and after 1 mo,the patient died of liver failure.CONCLUSION This is a rare case,wherein the tumor is highly aggressive,grows rapidly,and metastasizes in a short period.Imaging and laboratory tests can easily misdiagnose or miss such cases;thus,the final diagnosis relies on pathology.

Primary signet-ring cell carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile duct:A case report

BACKGROUND Signet ring cell carcinoma(SRCC)is a specific type of mucinous secretory adenocarcinoma,which contains abundant mucus in the cytoplasm and pushes the nucleus to one side of the cell membrane,forming a round or oval,and the nuclear deviations give the cells a signet ring-like appearance.SRCC often originates in the gastrointestinal tract,especially in the stomach.However,primary SRCC of the extrahepatic bile duct is extremely rare.Therefore,little is known about its epidemiology,treatment,and prognosis.CASE SUMMARY An 82-year-old female was admitted with abdominal pain,jaundice,and skin pruritus for 2 mo.She had no specific family history.Physical examination presented normal vital signs,icteric sclera,visible jaundice,and mild tenderness in the right upper abdominal quadrant.Tumor-related cell markers were within normal values.Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed a thickened wall of the common bile duct,strengthened with intrahepatic bile duct dilation and multiple round-like lesions in the liver.In addition,the lymph nodes in the hepatic hilum area,the pancreatic head area,and around the abdominal aorta were enlarged.Thus,a preoperative diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma was established.To alleviate jaundice and prolong the overall survival,percutaneous transhepatic cholangiopancreatic drainage(PTCD)was performed.During the operation,segmental stenosis of the extrahepatic bile duct and a vine-like expansion of the intrahepatic bile duct was observed.Furthermore,a biliary biopsy was performed under fluoroscopy to determine the nature and origin of the lesion.The pathological diagnosis of the biopsy was SRCC.Finally,a diagnosis of primary SRCC of extrahepatic bile duct with distant lymph node metastasis and multiple liver metastases was made based on the radiographic,PTCD,and pathological characteristics.The tumor was diagnosed as T3N1M1 stage IV.Despite our aggressive approach,the patient died of liver failure after 1 mo.CONCLUSION This is the only case report on primary SRCC of the extrahepatic bile duct with distant organ metastasis to date.

Effects of sleep status on renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review

Objective:To systematically evaluate the effects of sleep status on renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).Methods: To search the relevant literature related to the effects of sleep status on renal function of CKD patients on PubMed database, EMBase database, the Cochrane Library database, CNKI database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, VIP and Wanfang database from the initial to June 2018, all literature that met the criteria were included. According to the type of studies, the quality of the literature was evaluated by NOS scale in the cohort study and AHRQ scale in the cross-sectional study, and systematically evaluated the outcome indicators, the main outcome indicators were estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and endogenous creatinine clearance rate (Ccr), while the secondary indicators were Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Sleep Quality (SQ), Serum Creatinine (Scr), Hemoglobin (Hb), Albumin (ALB) and Urine Protein/Creatinine Ratio (UPCR).Results: Four literature and one meeting abstract were included in this study, of which four were cohort studies, three of them the NOS quality evaluations were high, one of them was medium, the remaining one was cross-sectional study, and the AHRQ quality evaluation was medium. This study shows that sleep status has a certain correlation with renal function. Shorter sleep time or poor sleep quality can lead to deterioration of renal function. Among them, the research data of Sabbatinit research team in Italy showed that Ccr gradually decreased with the increased of the PSQI;studies of Cohen research team and the Ricardo research team in the United States showed that eGFR decreased with the increased of the PSQI;the study of Kumar research team in the United States showed that the lower SQ , the worse renal function;the study of Knutson' research team in British showed that the shorter sleep time, the lower eGFR. In addition, studies showed that sleep index also has influence on Hb, ALB, Scr, UPCR and other indicators.Conclusion: Sleep status can affect the renal function of CKD patients in different degrees. Shorter sleep time and poor sleep quality will damage renal function and accelerate the progress of CKD.

Secure, Efficient and Searchable File System on Distributed Clouds

Many enterprises and personals are inclining to outsource their data to public clouds, but security and privacy are two critical problems cannot be ignored. The door of cloud provider may be broken, and the data may also be dug into by providers to find valuable information. In this paper, a secure and efficient storage file (SES FS) system is proposed to distribute files in several clouds and allows users to search the files securely and efficiently. In the proposed system, keywords were transformed into integers and secretly shared in a defined finite field, then the shares were mapped to random numbers in specified random domain in each cloud. Files were encrypted with distinct secret key and scattered within different clouds. Information about keyword/file was secretly shared among cloud providers. Legal users can search in the clouds to find correct encrypted files and reconstruct corresponding secret key. No adversary can find or detect the real file information even they can collude all the servers. Manipulation on shares by one or more clouds can be detected with high probability. The system can also detect malicious servers through introduced virtual points. One interesting property for the scheme is that new keywords can be added easily, which is difficult and usually not efficient for many searchable symmetric encryption systems. Detailed experimental result shows, with tolerable uploading delay, the scheme exhibits excellent performance on data retrieving aspect.

Prevalence of psoriatic arthritis in Chinese population with psoriasis:A multicenter study conducted by experienced rheumatologists

Background:Reports on the prevalence of psoriatic arthritis(PsA)among Chinese patients with psoriasis are very limited.This study,conducted by rheumatologists,estimated the prevalence of PsA in a large number of Chinese patients with psoriasis.Methods:Consecutive patients with a confirmed diagnosis of psoriasis attending nine dermatology clinics in five hospitals were recruited.All psoriasis patients were asked to complete a questionnaire comprising 16 questions to identify possible cases of PsA.All patients with one or more positive answers to the questionnaire were evaluated by two experienced rheumatologists.Results:A total of 2434 psoriasis patients,including 1561 males and 873 females,were enrolled.Both the questionnaire and rheumatologists’examinations were completed in the dermatology clinics.The results identified 252 patients with PsA,comprising 168 males and 84 females.The overall prevalence of PsA among psoriasis patients was 10.4%(95%confidence interval[95%CI],9.1%-11.7%).By sex,the prevalence was 10.8%(95%CI,9.2%-12.5%)for males and 9.6%(95%CI,7.7%-11.9%)for females and there was no significant sex difference in the prevalence of PsA(P=0.38).Of the 252 PsA patients,125(49.6%,95%CI,41.3%-59.1%)were newly diagnosed by rheumatologists.Consequently,the prevalence of undiagnosed PsA among psoriasis patients was 5.2%(95%CI,4.4%-6.2%).Conclusion:The prevalence of PsA in the Chinese population with psoriasis is about 10.4%,which is almost double that of previous reports in the Chinese population,but lower than that in Caucasians.

Glutamine metabolic microenvironment drives M2 macrophage polarization tomediate trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive gastric cancer

Background:Trastuzumab is a first-line targeted therapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor-2(HER2)-positive gastric cancer.However,the inevitable occurrence of acquired trastuzumab resistance limits the drug benefit,and there is currently no effective reversal measure.Existing researches on the mechanism of trastuzumab resistance mainly focused on tumor cells themselves,while the understanding of the mechanisms of environment-mediated drug resistance is relatively lacking.This study aimed to further explore the mechanisms of trastuzumab resistance to identify strategies to promote survival in these patients.Methods:Trastuzumab-sensitive and trastuzumab-resistant HER2-positive tumor tissues and cells were collected for transcriptome sequencing.Bioinformatics were used to analyze cell subtypes,metabolic pathways,and molecular signaling pathways.Changes in microenvironmental indicators(such as macrophage,angiogenesis,and metabolism)were verified by immunofluorescence(IF)and immunohistochemical(IHC)analyses.Finally,a multi-scale agent-based model(ABM)was constructed.The effects of combination treatment were further validated in nude mice to verify these effects predicted by the ABM.Results:Based on transcriptome sequencing,molecular biology,and in vivo experiments,we found that the level of glutamine metabolism in trastuzumabresistant HER2-positive cells was increased,and glutaminase 1(GLS1)was significantly overexpressed.Meanwhile,tumor-derived GLS1 microvesicles drove M2macrophage polarization.Furthermore,angiogenesis promoted trastuzumab resistance.IHC showed high glutamine metabolism,M2 macrophage polarization,and angiogenesis in trastuzumab-resistant HER2-positive tumor tissues from patients and nudemice.Mechanistically,the cell division cycle 42(CDC42)promoted GLS1 expression in tumor cells by activating nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)p65 and drove GLS1microvesicle secretion through IQmotif-containing GTPase-activating protein 1(IQGAP1).Based on the ABM and in vivo experiments,we confirmed that the combination of anti-glutamine metabolism,anti-angiogenesis,and pro-M1 polarization therapy had the best effect in reversing trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive gastric cancer.Conclusions:This study revealed that tumor cells secrete GLS1 microvesicles via CDC42 to promote glutamine metabolism,M2 macrophage polarization,and pro-angiogenic function of macrophages,leading to acquired trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive gastric cancer.A combination of anti-glutamine metabolism,anti-angiogenesis,and pro-M1 polarization therapy may provide a new insight into reversing trastuzumab resistance.

A fully dynamic forward-secure group signature from lattice

A forward-secure group signature(FSGS)ensures the unforgeability of signatures in the past time period despite signing secret key is leaked in the current time period.As we know,traditional FSGS schemes are mostly relying on number-theoretic assumptions unable to resist quantum attacks.Therefore,we present an efficient lattice-based fully dynamic(ie.users can flexibly join or quit the group)forward-secure group signature(DFSGS)by combining an improved version of FSGS scheme proposed by Ling.Based on an efficient zero-knowledge argument,we construct argument of knowledge of the committed value and the plaintext that help with privacy protection.Our DFSGS scheme is proved to be anonymous and forward-secure traceable relying on short integer solution and learning with errors assumptions in random oracle model.Moreover,the lengths of group public key and signature of our DFSGS scheme have been improved,and the length of user secret key has no connection with the quantity of group members.

Passively-targeted mitochondrial tungsten-based nanodots for efficient acute kidney injury treatment

Acute kidney injury(AKI)can lead to loss of kidney function and a substantial increase in mortality.The burst of reactive oxygen species(ROS)plays a key role in the pathological progression of AKI.Mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant therapy is very promising because mitochondria are the main source of ROS in AKI.Antioxidant nanodrugs with actively targeted mitochondria have achieved encouraging success in many oxidative stress-induced diseases.However,most strategies to actively target mitochondria make the size of nanodrugs too large to pass through the glomerular system to reach the renal tubules,the main damage site of AKI.Here,an ultra-small Tungsten-based nanodots(TWNDs)with strong ROS scavenging can be very effective for treatment of AKI.TWNDs can reach the tubular site after crossing the glomerular barrier,and enter the mitochondria of the renal tubule without resorting to complex active targeting strategies.To our knowledge,this is the first time that ultra-small negatively charged nanodots can be used to passively target mitochondrial therapy for AKI.Through in-depth study of the therapeutic mechanism,such passive mitochondria-targeted TWNDs are highly effective in protecting mitochondria by reducing mitochondrial ROS and increasing mitophagy.In addition,TWNDs can also reduce the infiltration of inflammatory cells.This work provides a new way to passively target mitochondria for AKI,and give inspiration for the treatment of many major diseases closely related to mitochondria,such as myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction.

Nanodrugs alleviate acute kidney injury: Manipulate RONS at kidney

Currently,there are no clinical drugs available to treat acute kidney injury(AKI).Given the high prevalence and high mortality rate of AKI,the development of drugs to effectively treat AKI is a huge unmet medical need and a research hotspot.Although existing evidence fully demonstrates that reactive oxygen and nitrogen species(RONS)burst at the AKI site is a major contributor to AKI progression,the heterogeneity,complexity,and unique physiological structure of the kidney make most antioxidant and anti-inflammatory small molecule drugs ineffective because of the lack of kidney targeting and side effects.Recently,nanodrugs with intrinsic kidney targeting through the control of size,shape,and surface properties have opened exciting prospects for the treatment of AKI.Many antioxidant nanodrugs have emerged to address the limitations of current AKI treatments.In this review,we systematically summarized for the first time about the emerging nanodrugs that exploit the pathological and physiological features of the kidney to overcome the limitations of traditional small-molecule drugs to achieve high AKI efficacy.First,we analyzed the pathological structural characteristics of AKI and the main pathological mechanism of AKI:hypoxia,harmful substance accumulation-induced RONS burst at the renal site despite the multifactorial initiation and heterogeneity of AKI.Subsequently,we introduced the strategies used to improve renal targeting and reviewed advances of nanodrugs for AKI:nano-RONS-sacrificial agents,antioxidant nanozymes,and nanocarriers for antioxidants and anti-inflammatory drugs.These nanodrugs have demonstrated excellent therapeutic effects,such as greatly reducing oxidative stress damage,restoring renal function,and low side effects.Finally,we discussed the challenges and future directions for translating nanodrugs into clinical AKI treatment.

Abelian Hearts of Twin Cotorsion Pairs on Extriangulated Categories

It was shown recently that the heart of a twin cotorsion pair on an extriangulated category is semi-abelian.In this article,we consider a special class of hearts of twin cotorsion pairs induced by d-cluster tilting subcategories in extriangulated categories.We give a necessary and sufficient condition for such hearts to be abelian.In particular,we can also see that such hearts are hereditary.As an application,this generalizes the work by Liu in the exact case,thereby providing new insights into the triangulated case.

Mn-Ce-Nb-O_x/P84 catalytic filters prepared by a novel method for simultaneous removal of particulates and NO

The Mn-Ce-Nb-O_x/P84 catalytic filter for removal of particulates and NO simultaneous was prepared by a novel method(foam coating method). The process parameters including the concentrations of PTFE emulsion, particle size of catalyst and calcination temperature for preparation of catalytic filters were analyzed. In addition, the physical properties and performance for removal of NO(NH_3-SCR) and particulates of Mn-Ce-Nb-O_x/P84 catalytic filter prepared under the optimized parameters, were also systematic studied. Results show that the process parameters had significant influences on stability and performance of catalytic filter, The Mn-Ce-Nb-O_x/P84 catalytic filter prepared by foam coating method under the optimized parameters, has satisfactory physical properties and catalytic performance for removal of NO and particulates at 140-220 ℃. The NO removal efficiency of catalytic filter can reach95.3% at 200 ℃ as the catalyst loading amount is 450 g/m^2, Moreover,the dust removal efficiency of MnGe-Nb-O_x/P84 catalytic filter reaches as high as 99.98%, and the PM2.5 removal efficiency also reaches99.98%. The anti-sulfur performance of Mn-Ce-Nb-O_x catalytic filter is also attractive, after injecting150 ppm SO_2, the NO removal efficiency still retains up to 85%. It is indicated that the foam coating method can not only make a bond of high strength between catalyst and filter, but also make the catalytic filter possessing an excellent and stable performance for removal of NO and particulates.

Reactive oxygen species-based nanomaterials for the treatment of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injuries

Interventional coronary reperfusion strategies are widely adopted to treat acute myocardial infarction,but morbidity and mortality of acute myocardial infarction are still high.Reperfusion injuries are inevitable due to the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and apoptosis of cardiac muscle cells.However,many antioxidant and anti-inflammatory drugs are largely limited by pharmacokinetics and route of administration,such as short half-life,low stability,low bioavailability,and side effects for treatment myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury.Therefore,it is necessary to develop effective drugs and technologies to address this issue.Fortunately,nanotherapies have demonstrated great opportunities for treating myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury.Compared with traditional drugs,nanodrugs can effectively increase the therapeutic effect and reduces side effects by improving pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties due to nanodrugs’size,shape,and material characteristics.In this review,the biology of ROS and molecular mechanisms of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury are discussed.Furthermore,we summarized the applications of ROS-based nanoparticles,highlighting the latest achievements of nanotechnology researches for the treatment of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury.

Synergetic catalytic removal of chlorobenzene and NOχfrom waste incineration exhaust over MnNb0.4Ce0.2Oχcatalysts:Performance and mechanism study

Nb doped MnCe0.2Ox complex oxides catalysts prepared via a homogeneous precipitation method were investigated for synergistic catalytic removal of NOx and chlorobenzene(CB)at low temperatures.The MnNb0.4Ce0.2Ox catalyst with a molar ratio of Nb/Mn=0.4 exhibits excellent activity and the NOx and CB removal efficiency reaches 94.5%and 96%at 220℃,respectively.Furthermore,the NOx and CB removal efficiency of MnNb0.4Ce0.2Ox still remains above 80%after injecting 300 ppm SO2 and 7 vol%H2 O for 36 h.In addition,the presence of CB and NOx+NH3 can improve the NOx and CB removal efficiency of MnNb0.4Ce0.2Ox,respectively.The analysis results from N2-BET,Py-IR,H2-TPR and NH3-TPD reveal that the introduction of Nb increases the average pore size,pore volume and surface area,promoted the growth of Lewis acid amount obviously,and enhances redox ability of MnCe0.2Ox at 100-250℃.Moreover,the molecular migration process of NOx,NH3,CB and SO2 in NH3-SCR and CB oxidation reaction over MnNb0.4Ce0.2Ox catalysts were systematically studied.In situ DRIFTS,FT-IR and XPS also confirm that the adsorption of sulfate species and SO2 on the surface of MnNb0.4Ce0.2Ox is inhibited effectively by the introduction of Nb in the presence of SO2 and H2 O.Moreover,Nb additives also enhance the structural stability of MnNb0.4Ce0.2Ox,due to the interactions among Mn,Nb and Ce.The NH3-TPD,H2-TPR and in situ DRIFTS results also confirm that the MnNb0.4Ce0.2Ox still retains abundant acid sites and high redox ability in the presence of SO2 and H2O.In summary,MnNb0.4Ce0.2Ox catalysts represent a promising and effective candidate for controlling NOx and CB at low temperatures.

RegIV expression showing specificity to gastrointestinal tract and its potential role in diagnosing digestive tract neuroendocrine tumor

Regenerating gene IV (RegIV),a member of the regenerating gene family discovered in 2001,has been found to be involved in malignancy in several different organs including the stomach,colorectum,pancreas and prostate,but the overall expression profile of RegIV has not been reported. To learn more about RegIV,we evaluated its distribution by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a total of 360 samples including 24 types of normal tissue,40 benign and malignant lesions,and 18 neuroendocrine tumors. We found that in normal tissues,in addition to its relative specificity for the gastrointestinal tract,RegIV was detected in the adrenal gland and mammary gland. Among all the malignancies of various histological types under evaluation,RegIV was found mostly in adenocarcinomas. Studies on additional sets of colorectal tumor samples showed that RegIV expression was predominant in colorectal adenoma (87.5%) and peritumoral tissue (100%) but not in cancer tissue (30.8%). Among neuroendocrine tumors,RegIV had a relatively restricted expression to those of digestive system.

Elevated atmospheric CO_(2) reduces CH_(4)and N_(2)O emissions under two contrasting rice cultivars from a subtropical paddy field in China

Elevated CO_(2)(eCO_(2))and rice cultivars can strongly alter CH_(4)and N_(2)O emissions from paddy fields.However,detailed information on how their interaction affects greenhouse gas fluxes in the field is still lacking.In this study,we investigated CH_(4)and N_(2)O emissions and rice growth under two contrasting rice cultivars(the strongly and weakly responsive cultivars)in response to eCO_(2),200μmol mol^(-1)higher than the ambient CO_(2)(aCO_(2)),in Chinese subtropical rice systems relying on a multi-year in-situ free-air CO_(2)enrichment platform from 2016 to 2018.The results showed that compared to aCO_(2),eCO_(2)increased rice yield by 7%-31%,while it decreased seasonal cumulative CH_(4)and N_(2)O emissions by 10%-59%and 33%-70%,respectively,regardless of rice cultivar.The decrease in CH_(4) emissions under eCO_(2)was possibly ascribed to the lower CH_(4)production potential(MPP)and the higher CH_(4)oxidation potential(MOP)correlated with the higher soil redox potential(Eh)and O_(2)concentration([O_(2)])in the surface soil.The mitigating effect of eCO_(2)on N_(2)O emissions was likely associated with the reduction of soil soluble N content.The strongly responsive cultivars had lower CH_(4)and N_(2)O emissions than the weakly re sponsive cultivars,and the main reason might be that the former induced higher soil Eh and[O_(2)]in the surface soil and had larger plant biomass and greater N uptake.The findings indicated that breeding strongly responsive cultivars with the potential for greater rice production and lower greenhouse gas emissions is an effective agricultural practice to ensure food security and environmental sustainability under future climate change scenarios.

GLTSCR1 coordinates alternative splicing and transcription elongation of ZO1 to regulate colorectal cancer progression

Alternative splicing(AS)and transcription elongation are vital biological processes,and their dysregulation causes multiple diseases,including tumors.However,the coregulatory mechanism of AS and transcription elongation in tumors remains unclear.This study demonstrates a novel AS pattern of tight junction protein 1(ZO1)regulated by the RNA polymerase II elongation rate in colorectal cancer(CRC).Glioma tumor suppressor candidate region gene 1(GLTSCR1)decreases the transcription elongation rate of ZO1 to provide a time window for binding of the splicing factor HuR to the specific motif in intron 22 of ZO1 and spliceosome recognition of the weak 3 and 5 splice sites in exon 23 to promote exon 23 inclusion.Since exon 23 inclusion in ZO1 suppresses migration and invasion of CRC cells,our findings suggest a novel potential therapeutic target for CRC.