Objective: Intracranial meningiomas, especially those located at anterior and middle skull base, are difficult to be completely resected due to their complicated anatomy structures and adjacent vessels. It's essenti...Objective: Intracranial meningiomas, especially those located at anterior and middle skull base, are difficult to be completely resected due to their complicated anatomy structures and adjacent vessels. It's essential to locate the tumor and its vessels precisely during operation to reduce the risk of neurological deficits. The purpose of this study was to evaluate intraoperative ultrasonography in displaying intracranial meningioma and its surrounding arteries, and evaluate its potential to improve surgical precision and minimize surgical trauma. Methods: Between December 2011 and January 2013, 20 patients with anterior and middle skull base meningioma underwent surgery with the assistance of intraoperative ultrasonography in the Neurosurgery Department of Shanghai Huashan Hospital. There were 7 male and 13 female patients, aged from 31 to 66 years old. Their sonographic features were analyzed and the advantages of intraoperative ultrasonography were discussed. Results: The border of the rneningioma and its adjacent vessels could be exhibited on intraoperative ultrasonography. The sonographic visualization allowed the neurosurgeon to choose an appropriate approach before the operation. In addition, intraoperative ultrasonography could inform neurosurgeons about the location of the tumor, its relation to the surrounding arteries during the operation, thus these essential arteries could be protected carefully. Conclusions: Intraoperative ultrasonography is a useful intraoperative technique. When appropriately applied to assist surgical procedures for intracranial meningioma, it could offer very important intraoperative information (such as the tumor supplying vessels) that helps to improve surgical resection and therefore might reduce the postoperative morbidity.展开更多
Quantitative identification of long-term changes in the abundance of Japanese anchovy(Engraulis japonicus)in the Yellow Sea is particularly important for understanding evolutionary processes of the Yellow Sea ecosyste...Quantitative identification of long-term changes in the abundance of Japanese anchovy(Engraulis japonicus)in the Yellow Sea is particularly important for understanding evolutionary processes of the Yellow Sea ecosystem.Unfortunately,the driving mechanisms of climate variability on the anchovy are still unclear due to the lack of long-term observational data.In this study,we used the fish scale deposition rate in the central Yellow Sea to reconstruct the time series of the anchovy stock over the past 400 a.On this basis,we further explored the impacts of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO)on the anchovy.Our results show that the anchovy stock is positively correlated with the PDO on a decadal time scale.In addition,anchovy abundance was relatively high during1620–1860 AD(the Little Ice Age,LIA),though in a state of constant fluctuation;anchovy abundance maintained at a relatively low level after~1860 AD.In particular,followed by overfishing since the 1980 s,the anchovy stock has declined sharply.Based on these findings,we infer that fluctuations of the anchovy stock may be regulated by basin-scale“atmosphere–ocean”interactions.Nevertheless,the role of overfishing should not be ignored.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effects of BCNU/PLGA microspheres on tumor growth,apoptosis and chemotherapy resistance in a C57BL/6 mice orthotopic brain glioma model using GL261 cell line.Methods:BCNU/PLGA sustained-...Objective:To investigate the effects of BCNU/PLGA microspheres on tumor growth,apoptosis and chemotherapy resistance in a C57BL/6 mice orthotopic brain glioma model using GL261 cell line.Methods:BCNU/PLGA sustained-release microspheres were prepared by the water-in-oil-in-water emulsion technique.GL261 cells were intracranially injected into C57BL/6 mouse by using the stereotactic technology.A total of 60 tumor-bearing mice were randomly and equally divided into three groups:untreated control,PLGA treated,BCNU/PLGA treated.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was taken to evaluate tumor volume.BCNU/PLGA sustained-release wafers were implanted in the treatment group two weeks after inoculation.Survival time and quality were observed.Specimens were harvested,and immunohistochemical staining was used to check the expression of Bax,Bcl-2,and O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT).Statistical methods was used for analysis of relevant data.Results:BCNU/PLGA sustained-release wafers were fabricated and implanted successfully.There is statistical difference of survival time between the BCNU/PLGA treated group and control groups (P<0.05).MRIscan showed inhibitory effect of BCNU/PLGA on tumor growth.Compared to the group A and B,BCNU/PLGA decreased the expression of apoptosis related gene Bcl-2 (P<0.05),but did not elevate the expression level of Bax (P>0.05),with the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 increased.For MGMT protein expression,no statistically significant change was found in treated group (P>0.05).Conclusions:Local implantation of BCNU/PLGA microspheres improved the survival quality and time of GL261 glioma-bearing mice significandy,inhibited the tumor proliferation,induced more cell apoptosis,and did not increase the chemotherapy resistance.展开更多
Glioma is a common and malignant brain tumor,and molecular diagnostics for glioma have received increasing attention.1,2 Previous studies have suggested that the MAL2 gene may be involved in the transcytosis of variou...Glioma is a common and malignant brain tumor,and molecular diagnostics for glioma have received increasing attention.1,2 Previous studies have suggested that the MAL2 gene may be involved in the transcytosis of various cancers.3 This study aimed to investigate the potential of MAL2 as a biomarker for glioma.The candidate MAL2 CpG sites were validated by pyrosequencing and used to construct a diagnostic model for glioma.Survival analysis was also conducted to determine the relationship between highly methylated MAL2-specific CpG sites and the prognosis of glioma.The findings also showed that MAL2 was more highly methylated in glioma than in other cancers.The constructed diagnostic model can distinguish glioma from other cancers with high sensitivity(93.3%)and specificity(86.5%).Additionally,a risk score model was built based on MAL2 methylation to assess the prognosis of glioma。展开更多
The continuous development of various gene therapies has brought new light to the treatment of genetic diseases.Among them,therapies targeting monogenic diseases are relatively progressive and promising due to the exp...The continuous development of various gene therapies has brought new light to the treatment of genetic diseases.Among them,therapies targeting monogenic diseases are relatively progressive and promising due to the explicit and clear pathogenesis.The discovery and development of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/associated nuclease(CRISPR/Cas)and related technologies was undoubtedly an extraordinary leap forward for gene therapy.展开更多
During the past decade, significant advances have been made in refinements for regenerative therapies following human spinal cord injury (SCI). Positive results have been achieved with different types of cells in va...During the past decade, significant advances have been made in refinements for regenerative therapies following human spinal cord injury (SCI). Positive results have been achieved with different types of cells in various clinical studies of SCI. In this review, we summarize recently-completed clinical trials using cell- mediated regenerative therapies for human SCI, together with ongoing trials using neural stem cells. Specifically, clinical studies published in Chinese journals are included. These studies show that current transplantation therapies are relatively safe, and have provided varying degrees of neurological recovery. However, many obstacles exist, hindering the introduction of a specific clinical therapy, including complications and their causes, selection of the target population, and optimization of transplantation material. Despite these and other challenges, with the collaboration of research groups and strong support from various organizations, cell-mediated regenerative therapies will open new perspectives for SCI treatment.展开更多
In this study two main management strategies are discussed:one is to develop resource conservationbased capture fisheries,and the other is to develop environmentally friendly aquaculture.During the resource recovery p...In this study two main management strategies are discussed:one is to develop resource conservationbased capture fisheries,and the other is to develop environmentally friendly aquaculture.During the resource recovery period,the development of environmentally friendly aquaculture should be encouraged,especially in integrated multi-trophic aquaculture,which is adaptive,efficient and sustainable.For future development and better understanding the ecosystem,it is necessary to further strengthen basic research.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (81200936, 30872675, 30901549)Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology(12JC1401800)2011 Shanghai Medical College Young Scientist Fund of Fudan University (11L-24)
文摘Objective: Intracranial meningiomas, especially those located at anterior and middle skull base, are difficult to be completely resected due to their complicated anatomy structures and adjacent vessels. It's essential to locate the tumor and its vessels precisely during operation to reduce the risk of neurological deficits. The purpose of this study was to evaluate intraoperative ultrasonography in displaying intracranial meningioma and its surrounding arteries, and evaluate its potential to improve surgical precision and minimize surgical trauma. Methods: Between December 2011 and January 2013, 20 patients with anterior and middle skull base meningioma underwent surgery with the assistance of intraoperative ultrasonography in the Neurosurgery Department of Shanghai Huashan Hospital. There were 7 male and 13 female patients, aged from 31 to 66 years old. Their sonographic features were analyzed and the advantages of intraoperative ultrasonography were discussed. Results: The border of the rneningioma and its adjacent vessels could be exhibited on intraoperative ultrasonography. The sonographic visualization allowed the neurosurgeon to choose an appropriate approach before the operation. In addition, intraoperative ultrasonography could inform neurosurgeons about the location of the tumor, its relation to the surrounding arteries during the operation, thus these essential arteries could be protected carefully. Conclusions: Intraoperative ultrasonography is a useful intraoperative technique. When appropriately applied to assist surgical procedures for intracranial meningioma, it could offer very important intraoperative information (such as the tumor supplying vessels) that helps to improve surgical resection and therefore might reduce the postoperative morbidity.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.31600397。
文摘Quantitative identification of long-term changes in the abundance of Japanese anchovy(Engraulis japonicus)in the Yellow Sea is particularly important for understanding evolutionary processes of the Yellow Sea ecosystem.Unfortunately,the driving mechanisms of climate variability on the anchovy are still unclear due to the lack of long-term observational data.In this study,we used the fish scale deposition rate in the central Yellow Sea to reconstruct the time series of the anchovy stock over the past 400 a.On this basis,we further explored the impacts of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO)on the anchovy.Our results show that the anchovy stock is positively correlated with the PDO on a decadal time scale.In addition,anchovy abundance was relatively high during1620–1860 AD(the Little Ice Age,LIA),though in a state of constant fluctuation;anchovy abundance maintained at a relatively low level after~1860 AD.In particular,followed by overfishing since the 1980 s,the anchovy stock has declined sharply.Based on these findings,we infer that fluctuations of the anchovy stock may be regulated by basin-scale“atmosphere–ocean”interactions.Nevertheless,the role of overfishing should not be ignored.
基金supported by grants(2010CB945500,2012CB966300,2009CB941100,81271003) from National Nature Science Foundation,Ministry of Science and Technology of China
文摘Objective:To investigate the effects of BCNU/PLGA microspheres on tumor growth,apoptosis and chemotherapy resistance in a C57BL/6 mice orthotopic brain glioma model using GL261 cell line.Methods:BCNU/PLGA sustained-release microspheres were prepared by the water-in-oil-in-water emulsion technique.GL261 cells were intracranially injected into C57BL/6 mouse by using the stereotactic technology.A total of 60 tumor-bearing mice were randomly and equally divided into three groups:untreated control,PLGA treated,BCNU/PLGA treated.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was taken to evaluate tumor volume.BCNU/PLGA sustained-release wafers were implanted in the treatment group two weeks after inoculation.Survival time and quality were observed.Specimens were harvested,and immunohistochemical staining was used to check the expression of Bax,Bcl-2,and O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT).Statistical methods was used for analysis of relevant data.Results:BCNU/PLGA sustained-release wafers were fabricated and implanted successfully.There is statistical difference of survival time between the BCNU/PLGA treated group and control groups (P<0.05).MRIscan showed inhibitory effect of BCNU/PLGA on tumor growth.Compared to the group A and B,BCNU/PLGA decreased the expression of apoptosis related gene Bcl-2 (P<0.05),but did not elevate the expression level of Bax (P>0.05),with the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 increased.For MGMT protein expression,no statistically significant change was found in treated group (P>0.05).Conclusions:Local implantation of BCNU/PLGA microspheres improved the survival quality and time of GL261 glioma-bearing mice significandy,inhibited the tumor proliferation,induced more cell apoptosis,and did not increase the chemotherapy resistance.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82272116)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project of China(No.2018SHZDZX01)+3 种基金ZJLab,Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality,China(No.20Z11900100,20S11905600)MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceShanghai Shenkang,China(No.SHDC2020CR3073B)Shanghai Zhou Liangfu Medical Development Foundation“Brain Science and Brain Diseases Youth Innovation Program”.
文摘Glioma is a common and malignant brain tumor,and molecular diagnostics for glioma have received increasing attention.1,2 Previous studies have suggested that the MAL2 gene may be involved in the transcytosis of various cancers.3 This study aimed to investigate the potential of MAL2 as a biomarker for glioma.The candidate MAL2 CpG sites were validated by pyrosequencing and used to construct a diagnostic model for glioma.Survival analysis was also conducted to determine the relationship between highly methylated MAL2-specific CpG sites and the prognosis of glioma.The findings also showed that MAL2 was more highly methylated in glioma than in other cancers.The constructed diagnostic model can distinguish glioma from other cancers with high sensitivity(93.3%)and specificity(86.5%).Additionally,a risk score model was built based on MAL2 methylation to assess the prognosis of glioma。
基金supported by grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2018YFA0107900,92168103,32171417,82001140,2019CXJQ01)the National Nature Science Foundation,and Shanghai Municipal Government,Peak Disciplines(TypeⅣ)of Institutions of Higher Leaning in Shanghai。
文摘The continuous development of various gene therapies has brought new light to the treatment of genetic diseases.Among them,therapies targeting monogenic diseases are relatively progressive and promising due to the explicit and clear pathogenesis.The discovery and development of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/associated nuclease(CRISPR/Cas)and related technologies was undoubtedly an extraordinary leap forward for gene therapy.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81271003)he National Basic Research Development Program (973 Program) of China (2010CB945500,2012CB966300,2009CB941100)
文摘During the past decade, significant advances have been made in refinements for regenerative therapies following human spinal cord injury (SCI). Positive results have been achieved with different types of cells in various clinical studies of SCI. In this review, we summarize recently-completed clinical trials using cell- mediated regenerative therapies for human SCI, together with ongoing trials using neural stem cells. Specifically, clinical studies published in Chinese journals are included. These studies show that current transplantation therapies are relatively safe, and have provided varying degrees of neurological recovery. However, many obstacles exist, hindering the introduction of a specific clinical therapy, including complications and their causes, selection of the target population, and optimization of transplantation material. Despite these and other challenges, with the collaboration of research groups and strong support from various organizations, cell-mediated regenerative therapies will open new perspectives for SCI treatment.
文摘In this study two main management strategies are discussed:one is to develop resource conservationbased capture fisheries,and the other is to develop environmentally friendly aquaculture.During the resource recovery period,the development of environmentally friendly aquaculture should be encouraged,especially in integrated multi-trophic aquaculture,which is adaptive,efficient and sustainable.For future development and better understanding the ecosystem,it is necessary to further strengthen basic research.