The Influence of the Supporting Wheel Deflection of Large-scale Rotary Kiln on Maximum Contact Stress

The relation between the maximum contact stress ratio and deflection angle is derived from Hertz contact theory when the deflection of rotary kiln supporting wheel happens. According to the analysis of practical example, the maximum contact stress ratio within the deflection range of rotary kiln supporting wheel is listed. The contact stress will increase largely when rotary kiln supporting wheel deflects with little angle, which probably will result in accidents correlating to safety. This will provide theory conference for the design, the operating condition analysis and adjusting of the rotary kiln.

四种常用化学杀虫剂与三种虫生真菌的相容性

以4种化学杀虫剂(吡虫啉、噻虫嗪、呋虫胺、吡蚜酮)为试材,以3种虫生真菌(蜡蚧菌CA19、玫烟色拟青霉Pf16、球孢白僵菌Bb11)为供试菌,通过测量平板上真菌孢子萌发、菌落生长直径和产孢量,考察上述4种化学杀虫剂对蜡蚧菌、拟青霉和白僵菌的影响,以期明确常用化学杀虫剂与真菌杀虫剂的相容性,为虫生真菌的田间应用提供依据。结果表明:对于孢子萌发,噻虫嗪对蜡蚧菌孢子萌发抑制作用较大,其有效抑制中浓度EC50为464.0μg·mL^(-1),相较而言,二者之间相容性较差;吡蚜酮与球孢白僵菌的相容性较好,其EC50为7 560.4μg·mL^(-1)。对于菌丝生长,噻虫嗪对球孢白僵菌的菌丝生长的影响较大,其EC50为324.9μg·mL^(-1),相较而言,其与球孢白僵菌的相容性较差;吡蚜酮与蜡蚧菌的相容性较好,其EC50为23 390.8μg·mL^(-1)。对于产孢量,与田间使用浓度的处理(单位面积的菌落产孢量)相比,呋虫胺对球孢白僵菌的产孢量影响较大,二者之间相容性较差;其它处理组合,在药剂田间使用浓度下均可以相容。总体来看,在各农药田间推荐使用浓度下,各供试农药与蜡蚧菌、玫烟色拟青霉和球孢白僵菌之间均可相容,可选择性地使用。