Nitrous oxide emissions from three temperate forest types in the Qinling Mountains,China

To understand soil N2O fluxes from temperate forests in a climate-sensitive transitional zone,N2O emissions from three temperate forest types(Pinus tabulaeformis,PTT;Pinus armandii,PAT;and Quercus aliena var.acuteserrata,QAT)were monitored using the static closed-chamber method from June 2013 to May 2015 in the Huoditang Forest region of the Qinling Mountains,China.The results showed that these three forest types acted as N2O sources,releasing a mean combined level of 1.35±0.56 kg N2O ha^-1 a^-1,ranging from0.98±0.37 kg N2O ha^-1 a^-1 in PAT to 1.67±0.41 kg N2O ha^-1 a^-1 in QAT.N2O emission fluctuated seasonally,with highest levels during the summer for all three forest types.N2O flux had a significantly positive correlation with soil temperature at a depth of 5 cm or in the water-filled pore space,where the correlation was stronger for temperature than for the water-filled pore space.N2O flux was positively correlated with available soil nitrogen in QAT and PAT.Our results indicate that N2O flux is mainly controlled by soil temperature in the temperate forest in the Qinling Mountains.

植物功能性状对动态全球植被模型改进研究进展

动态全球植被模型(dynamic global vegetation models,DGVMs)在模拟和预测陆地生态系统对气候变化响应中表现出很大的不确定性,重要原因之一在于动态全球植被模型将定义植物功能型的性状值设置为常数,忽略了植物功能性状对环境变化的响应.动态全球植被模型现有的植物功能型框架已经严重地阻碍了其发展,因此迫切需要一种新的方法来克服这种局限性.植物功能性状不仅可以反映植物对环境连续变化的响应,而且与生态系统的结构和功能密切相关,可提升当前动态全球植被模型对生态系统过程的模拟和功能的预测.本文从动态全球植被模型发展和植物功能型局限性入手,详细介绍了植物功能性状发展现状及其对动态全球植被模型改进的重要价值,归纳总结了植物功能性状对动态全球植被模型改进的主要方法,并指明植物功能性状对动态全球植被模型改进的发展方向.以期通过凝练植物功能性状在构建下一代动态全球植被模型中发挥作用,推动动态全球植被模型在我国的发展和应用.

Towards a paradigm for open and free sharing of scientific data on global change science in China

Despite great progress in data sharing that has been made in China in recent decades,cultural,policy,and technological challenges have prevented Chinese researchers from maximizing the availability of their data to the global change science community.To achieve full and open exchange and sharing of scientific data,Chinese research funding agencies need to recognize that preserva-tion of,and access to,digital data are central to their mission,and must support these tasks accord-ingly.The Chinese government also needs to develop better mechanisms,incentives,and rewards,while scientists need to change their behavior and culture to recognize the need to maximize the usefulness of their data to society as well as to other researchers.The Chinese research communi-ty and individual researchers should think globally and act personally to promote a paradigm of open,free,and timely data sharing,and to increase the effectiveness of knowledge development.

Qinghai-tibetan plateau peatland sustainable utilization under anthropogenic disturbances and climate change

Often referred to as the“Third Pole,”China’s Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau developed large amounts of peatland owing to its unique alpine environment.As a renewable resource,peat helps to regulate the climate as well as performing other important functions.However,in recent years,intensifying climate change and anthropogenic disturbances have resulted in peatland degradation and consequently made sustainable development of peatland more difficult.This review summarizes peatland ecological and economic functions,including carbon sequestration,biodiversity conservation,energy supplies,and ecotourism.It identifies climate change and anthropogenic disturbances as the two key factors attributing to peatland degradation and ecosystem carbon loss.Current problems in environmental degradation and future challenges in peatland management under the effects of global warming are also discussed and highlighted.