Linkages of flow regime and micro-topography:prediction for non-native mangrove invasion under sea-level rise

Flow regime is a key driver of invasive aquatic organisms,and the invasiveness of mangrove species may be simultaneously attributed to plant traits and flowing hydrological conditions at the estuary scale.We focused on hydrological and topographic conditions for a non-native mangrove species,Sonneratia apetala,in Zhangjiang Estuary of Fujian,China.A hydrological model and a micro-topographic model were used to predict its dispersal and early establishment,and field surveys and simulated experiments were integrated to estimate its future dispersal patterns.The mesohaline mudflat with a salinity of 8~10 PSU at the mangrove seaward edge was the most likely colonization area for S.apetala under current conditions.The south-western region of the estuary with native mangroves was the most likely area for its colonization according to the unstructured-grid finite-volume community ocean model(FVCOM)in September,when the largest tidal currents within a year and the maximum fruit maturity period occur.Approximately 42%of the mudflats throughout the whole estuary may be available for seedling establishment under the future sea-level rise RCP 4.5 scenarios compared with 44%for current establishment;however,the RCP 8.5 scenarios would significantly decrease seedling establishment by 2100 due to serious tidal inundation according to the micro-topographical model.

Nail pigmentation induced by chemotherapy:an observational study of patients with early-stage breast cancer

Purpose:Chemotherapy-induced nail pigmentation is a common adverse efect,but prospective studies focussing on its onset,recovery,and severity are few.We aim to evaluate the pattern of chemotherapy-induced nail pigmentation in early-stage breast cancer patients by calculating the comprehensive score based on hyperpigmentation area and color depth of the nail plate.Methods:This prospective,observational study was conducted between February 2019 and December 2019.Early-stage breast cancer patients scheduled to receive anthracyclines combined with cyclophosphamide or taxanecontaining regimens were enrolled.The clinicopathologic characteristics and treatment protocols were collected.The onset,patterns,and duration of nail changes were photographed and recorded regularly.Results:A total of 90 patients were enrolled.The most common nail change was nail pigmentation(n=81,90.0%),followed by onycholysis(n=39,43.3%),Beau’s lines(n=19,21.1%),Mees’lines(n=16,17.8%),Muehrcke’s lines(n=7,7.8%),and hemorrhage(n=1,1.1%).Forty-four(48.9%)patients developed severe nail pigmentation.The median onset time of nail pigmentation was 37 days after the initiation of chemotherapy.At the latest follow-up,55(67.9%)patients achieved remission of melanonychia with the median recovery time of 118 days.The median duration of nail pigmentation was 214 days.Conclusion:Our study revealed the specifc pattern of chemotherapy-induced nail pigmentation,which onsets early and recovers slowly with a high incidence of severe nail pigmentation,in early-stage breast cancer patients.The results provide reference for further intervention studies.Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov Identifer:NCT04215744.Registered 30 December 2019—Retrospectively registered.