Dual-targeted lung cancer therapy via inhalation delivery of UCNP-siRNA-AS1411 nanocages

Objective:Although great progress has been made in the field of siRNA gene therapy,safe,efficient,and targeted delivery of siRNA are still major challenges in siRNA therapeutics.Methods:We developed an up-conversion nanoparticle-based nanocage system.This system protected the siRNA from being degraded by nucleases in organisms and selectively delivered the siRNAs to the tumor sites,due to modifications of targeted molecules on the surfaces of nanocages and local inhalation.Results:The siRNAs delivered by the up-conversion nanoparticle nanocages were protected from degradation in transit to the tumor sites,where they accumulated.Compared with the passive target and control groups,the up-conversion nanoparticles based on the nanocage system showed a tumor suppressive effect after approximately 3 weeks of treatment.Conclusions:The up-conversion nanoparticle nanocages efficiently delivered vascular endothelial growth factor siRNAs to tumor sites.Mice with lung tumors treated with tumors targeting up-conversion nanoparticle nanocages showed steady body weight changes,high tumor inhibition ratios,and longer survival times.

Mechanism and kinetics for methanol synthesis from CO_(2)/H_(2) over Cu and Cu/oxide surfaces:Recent investigations by firstprinciples-based simulation

The efficient fixation and utilization of CO_(2) has been consistently pursued by chemists for decades.Although Cu-based catalysts,e.g.,Cu/ZnO/Al_(2)O_(3),have been widely used in industry for methanol synthesis from CO_(2) hydrogenation(CO_(2)+3H_(2)→H_(3)COH+H_(2)O),many issues on the mechanism and the kinetics remain largely uncertain.For example,the surface site for CO_(2) activation and the synergetic effect between Cu and oxide have been hotly debated in literature.In the past few years,theoretical modeling on pure Cu surfaces and Cu/oxide interfaces has been utilized to provide insight into these important questions.Here we will review the recent theoretical advances on simulating this complex heterogeneous catalytic process with first principles density functional theory(DFT)calculations and kinetics modeling.The theoretical results on the mechanism and the kinetics are compared and summarized.