利用叶绿体基因组高变片段对7个软枣猕猴桃居群遗传多样性的研究

软枣猕猴桃是猕猴桃属内倍性最复杂的物种之一,本研究针对分布在国内4个省份具有代表性的7个野生软枣猕猴桃居群,选用21对叶绿体基因组高变片段对7个居群的软枣猕猴桃进行序列比对、系统构建和多态性分析。研究发现,21对引物中有7对引物在7个软枣猕猴桃居群样本中均能扩增成功,第13号片段rpl32-trnL的分辨率最好。利用片段rpl32-trnL对7个软枣猕猴桃居群分别采用MP算法和NJ法构建的系统进化树表明,来自长白山的2个居群位于系统树最基部,来自大别山的3个居群并未处于同一支中,21个片段的平均多态位点数达到27.16。本研究为猕猴桃属叶绿体基因组的开发和应用奠定了基础。

A better carbon-water flux simulation in multiple vegetation types by data assimilation

Background:The accurate estimation of carbon-water flux is critical for understanding the carbon and water cycles of terrestrial ecosystems and further mitigating climate change.Model simulations and observations have been widely used to research water and carbon cycles of terrestrial ecosystems.Given the advantages and limitations of each method,combining simulations and observations through a data assimilation technique has been proven to be highly promising for improving carbon-water flux simulation.However,to the best of our knowledge,few studies have accomplished both parameter optimization and the updating of model state variables through data assimilation for carbon-water flux simulation in multiple vegetation types.And little is known about the variation of the performance of data assimilation for carbon-water flux simulation in different vegetation types.Methods:In this study,we assimilated leaf area index(LAI)time-series observations into a biogeochemical model(Biome-BGC)using different assimilation algorithms(ensemble Kalman filter algorithm(EnKF)and unscented Kalman filter(UKF))in different vegetation types(deciduous broad-leaved forest(DBF),evergreen broad-leaved forest(EBF)and grassland(GL))to simulate carbon-water flux.Results:The validation of the results against the eddy covariance measurements indicated that,overall,compared with the original simulation,assimilating the LAI into the Biome-BGC model improved the carbon-water flux simulations(R^(2)increased by 35%,root mean square error decreased by 10%;the sum of the absolute error decreased by 8%)but more significantly,improved the water flux simulations(R^(2)increased by 31%,root mean square error decreased by 18%;the sum of the absolute error decreased by 16%).Among the different forest types,the data assimilation techniques(both EnKF and UKF)achieved the best performance towards carbon-water flux in EBF(R^(2)increased by 44%,root mean square error decreased by 24%;the sum of the absolute error decreased by 28%),and the performances of EnKF and UKF showed slightly different when simulating carbon fluxes.Conclusion:We suggest that to reduce the uncertainty in global carbon-water flux quantification,forthcoming data assimilation treatment should consider the vegetation types where the data assimilation experiments are carried out,the simulated objectives and the assimilation algorithms.

中国动画电影的民族化美学风格

本文把中国动画电影从1926年万籁兄弟启蒙时期至今的民族化美学风格分成四个主要的发展方向,通过对他们各自时期的民族化元素、代表作品及前后过渡分析,构建出当代中国动画电影民族化美学风格的视觉隐喻美学结构。

肌内法瓦病的MRI表现及病理对照分析

目的探讨肌内法瓦病(FAVA)的MRI表现及其病理特征。方法回顾性分析2012年12月至2021年3月于河南省人民医院就诊的44例经病理证实的肌肉内FAVA的临床及影像资料,女25例、男19例,年龄5~29(15±6)岁。总结其临床及MRI特征,包括分型、部位、边界、信号强度、强化方式及程度、病变内有无血管流空,并与病理结果对照。结果 1例患者大腿及小腿肌肉同时受累,43例患者病变累及1个部位,包括小腿肌肉20例、大腿肌肉15例、前臂肌肉5例、上臂肌肉1例、臀肌1例、肩部肌肉1例。小腿腓肠肌受累最多见(13/44),其次为比目鱼肌(10/44)、股四头肌(9/44)。MRI示病变均为实性病变,其中局灶肿块型24例、弥漫浸润型15例、局部浸润型5例。病变的长轴均与肌肉长轴一致。T1WI及T2WI均呈不均匀中等高信号,脂肪抑制T2WI呈显著高信号,所有病变均可见迂曲扩张的畸形血管,其中18例可见流空血管影。增强后呈中等至明显不均匀强化。病理学上,病变的骨骼肌被纤维组织、脂肪成分、不规则的畸形静脉血管等多种成分浸润,导致MRI信号的不均匀。7例接受人类PIK3CA基因突变检测者中6例为突变型。结论肌内FAVA在临床、MRI影像以及组织病理学上均具有一定的特征性,其MRI信号特征可反映其复杂的病理成分。

HER-2/EGFR, the major targets for anti-metastasis effect of tetraarsenic oxide on SKBR3 breast cancer cells

Breast cancer is one of the most common female malignant tumors in the world. Although many therapeutic methods for HER-2 positive breast cancer have been developed, the drug resistance and distant metastasis still remain. Tetraarsenic oxide（As_4O_6） has been demonstrated with an anticancer effect on squamous cell carcinoma and cervical cancer. However, there is no report about the relationship between As_4O_6 and HER-2 positive breast cancer. In the present study, we detected the inhibitory efficacy and mechanism of As_4O_6 on the migration and invasion of SKBR3 breast cancer cells using molecular biological methods. The wound-healing assay, matrigel migration assay, transwell invasion assay and cell adhesion assay were used to assess the migration, invasion and adhesion of SKBR3 cells intervened by As_4O_6. Meanwhile, the reverse transcription-PCR and western blotting were performed to investigate the mechanism of As_4O_6 on the migration and invasion of SKBR3 breast cancer cells. The results demonstrated that As_4O_6 could efficiently inhibit the migration and invasion of SKBR3 cells, the HER-2 positive breast cancer cells, and the adhesion of SKBR3 cells was decreased after As_4O_6 treatment. The mechanism revealed that As_4O_6 anticancer efficacy was related to HER-2/EGFR pathways. As_4O_6 exerted its inhibitory effects on migration and invasion in HER-2 positive breast cancer cells by regulating the factors（EGFR, HER-2, Akt, MMP-9） in HER2/ EGFR signaling pathway and other key molecules. In conclusion, the present study indicated that As_4O_6 inhibited the invasion and migration process of HER-2 positive breast cancer SKBR3 cells by negatively regulating the HER-2/EGFR-mediated signaling pathway. These data provided evidence that As_4O_6 might serve as potential anti-metastasis drug for clinical treatment of breast cancer.

少见部位结节性筋膜炎临床病理及分子遗传学特征

目的探讨少见部位结节性筋膜炎(nodular fasciitis, NF)的临床病理、免疫表型及分子遗传学特征。方法收集河南省人民医院病理科2015年1月至2021年1月诊治的50例NF患者的临床及病理资料, 其中少见部位14例, 采用免疫组织化学染色检测相关蛋白的表达情况, 采用荧光原位杂交(FISH)检测USP6基因断裂情况。结果 14例少见部位NF中, 男性、女性各7例, 位于肢端、会阴部、乳腺、腕关节内、腰4/5椎间隙, 其中8例存在少见组织累及(骨骼肌内6例、神经根1例、血管内1例), 肿瘤边界不清, 呈浸润性生长, 梭形肌纤维母细胞束状或杂乱排列, 形态温和, 可见小核仁及多少不等核分裂象, 间质胶原化至黏液样变, 可见红细胞外渗及炎性细胞浸润;免疫组织化学示梭形细胞局灶或部分表达平滑肌肌动蛋白, 弥漫强表达p16。FISH示14例中12例存在USP6基因断裂, 其中2例发生于胸壁骨骼肌内者同时合并USP6基因红色信号扩增。结论少见部位NF具有与经典部位相似的临床病理和遗传学特征, 但肿瘤组织边界多呈浸润性生长, 存在非特异性p16强表达和USP6红色信号扩增现象。少见部位NF的病理诊断需保持高度警惕。