基于格氏反应的镁离子电解液的合成与性质

随着“双碳”战略的实施,新能源产业的发展已经成为必然趋势,因而对先进储能技术的需求也日益增加。其中,电化学储能技术发展较为迅速,是当前学术界和产业界的研究热点。与锂离子电池相比,镁电池具有能量密度高、成本低、环境资源友好等优势,是下一代电池技术发展的重要方向之一。在传统非水电解液中,金属镁负极易形成低离子导电性的钝化层,阻碍镁离子的电化学沉积/溶出,极大限制了镁电池的发展。因此,探索有效的镁离子电解液体系是提升镁电池性能的关键要素。本工作以经典有机化学实验“格氏反应”为切入点,聚焦于镁离子非水导体的制备及其在镁电池体系的应用探索,将有机化学基础理论知识与前沿电化学储能技术相结合,帮助学生拓展科学视野,激发学习兴趣,同时提高能源安全意识和科学素养。

Celastrol promotes apoptosis of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells by targeting HSDL2

Objective:Celastrol is a pentacyclic triterpenoid extracted from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb,Tripterygium wilfordii.This study aims to provide a scientific basis for the rational development and use of celastrol in breast cancer.Method:A quantitative chemical biology approach was used to investigate the protein targets and molecular mechanisms of celastrol in breast cancer cells.Results:Low-concentration celastrol exerted an anti-tumor effect by directly binding to hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-like 2(HSDL2)and inhibiting its expression.Moreover,the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein,Bcl-2-associated X(BaX),increased,the level of the anti-apoptotic protein,B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2),decreased,and the rate of apoptosis increased.After the transfection of cells with si-HSDL2,the apoptosis rate was similar to that observed after the administration of celastrol.However,apoptosis was reversed by the overexpression of HSDL2.Furthermore,our mass spectrometry(MS)data indicated a relationship between HSDL2 and the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling pathway.We also found that the expression of HSDL2 was directly related to the degree of extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)phosphorylation.Conclusion:Celastrol may promote apoptosis by suppressing the HSDL2/MAPK/ERK signaling pathway.

Single-cell transcriptome analysis uncovers underlying mechanisms of acute liver injury induced by tripterygium glycosides tablet in mice

Tripterygium glycosides tablet(TGT),the classical commercial drug of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.F.has been effectively used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis,nephrotic syndrome,leprosy,Behcet's syndrome,leprosy reaction and autoimmune hepatitis.However,due to its narrow and limited treatment window,TGT-induced organ toxicity(among which liver injury accounts for about 40%of clinical reports)has gained increasing attention.The present study aimed to clarify the cellular and molecular events underlying TGT-induced acute liver injury using single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)technology.The TGT-induced acute liver injury mouse model was constructed through short-term TGT exposure and further verified by hematoxylin-eosin staining and liver function-related serum indicators,including alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin.Using the mouse model,we identified 15 specific subtypes of cells in the liver tissue,including endothelial cells,hepatocytes,cholangiocytes,and hepatic stellate cells.Further analysis indicated that TGT caused a significant inflammatory response in liver endothelial cells at different spatial locations;led to marked inflammatory response,apoptosis and fatty acid metabolism dysfunction in hepatocytes;activated hepatic stellate cells;brought about the activation,inflammation,and phagocytosis of liver capsular macrophages cells;resulted in immune dysfunction of liver lymphocytes;disturbed the intercellular crosstalk in liver microenvironment by regulating various signaling pathways.Thus,these findings elaborate the mechanism underlying TGT-induced acute liver injury,provide new insights into the safe and rational applications in the clinic,and complement the identification of new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for liver protection.

Component Analysis and Calculation for Social Benefits of UHV Assessment

With the rapid development of the UHV power grid, evaluation of the economic and social benefits of the UHV power grid is conducive to guiding the planning and construction of UHV power grid. At present economic benefit evaluation system of the UHV power grid is driving to maturity stage on the whole at home and abroad, but it invariably tends to regard social benefits as part of economic benefits, without evaluating social benefit separately. The social benefit evaluation model of UHV power grid is built in case of sufficient investigation. The differentials between social benefit and social cost are calculated respectively by three kinds of solutions according to the constructed social cost evaluation index system and social benefits evaluation index system, conclusion that UHV power grid transmission has better social benefits can be reached by contrastively analyzing the social three kinds of solutions corresponding to benefits. At last, the evaluation model and method are verified and analyzed through the analysis of engineering projects.

Which is the Best PID Variant for Pneumatic Soft Robots?An Experimental Study

This paper presents an experimental study to compare the performance of model-free control strategies for pneumatic soft robots.Fabricated using soft materials,soft robots have gained much attention in academia and industry during recent years because of their inherent safety in human interaction.However,due to structural flexibility and compliance,mathematical models for these soft robots are nonlinear with an infinite degree of freedom(DOF).Therefore,accurate position(or orientation)control and optimization of their dynamic response remains a challenging task.Most existing soft robots currently employed in industrial and rehabilitation applications use model-free control algorithms such as PID.However,to the best of our knowledge,there has been no systematic study on the comparative performance of model-free control algorithms and their ability to optimize dynamic response,i.e.,reduce overshoot and settling time.In this paper,we present comparative performance of several variants of model-free PID-controllers based on extensive experimental results.Additionally,most of the existing work on modelfree control in pneumatic soft-robotic literature use manually tuned parameters,which is a time-consuming,labor-intensive task.We present a heuristic-based coordinate descent algorithm to tune the controller parameter automatically.We presented results for both manual tuning and automatic tuning using the Ziegler-Nichols method and proposed algorithm,respectively.We then used experimental results to statistically demonstrate that the presented automatic tuning algorithm results in high accuracy.The experiment results show that for soft robots,the PID-controller essentially reduces to the PI controller.This behavior was observed in both manual and automatic tuning experiments;we also discussed a rationale for removing the derivative term.

Spatial Interaction Network Analysis of Crude Oil Trade Relations between Countries along the Belt and Road

Based on the theories and methods of complex network,crude oil trade flows between countries along the Belt and Road(B&R,hereafter)are inserted into the Geo-space of B&R and form a spatial interaction network which takes the countries as nodes and takes the trade relations as edges.The networked mining and evolution analysis can provide important references for the research on trade relations among the B&R countries and the formulation of trade policy.This paper researches and discusses the construction,statistical analysis,top networks and stability of the crude oil trade network between the B&R countries from 2001 to 2020 from the perspectives of Geo-Computation for Social Sciences(GCSS)and spatial interaction.Firstly,evolutions of out-degree,in-degree,out-strength and in-strength of the top 10 countries in the crude oil trade network are computed and analyzed.Secondly,the top network method is used to explore the evolution characteristics of hierarchical structures.And finally,the sequential evolution characteristics of the crude oil trade network stability are analyzed utilizing the network stability measure method based on the trade relationship autocorrelation function.The analysis results show that Russia has the largest out-degree and out-strength,and China has the largest in-degree and in-strength.The crude oil trade volume of the top 10 import and export networks between 2001—2020 accounts for over 90%of the total trade volume of the crude oil trade network,and the proportion remains relatively stable.However,the stability of the network showed strong fluctuations in 2009,2012 and 2014,which may be closely related to major international events in these years,which could furtherly be used to build a correlation model between network volatility and major events.This paper explores how to construct and analyze the spatial interaction network of crude oil trade and can provide references for trade relations research and trade policy formulation of B&R countries.

1668年郯城地震断层的长发震间隔与低速率证据

郯庐断裂是我国东部规模最大的发震断层,曾发生过公元前70年安丘7级地震和1668年郯城8?级大地震,其地震危险性一直备受关注.然而因郯城地震断层的古地震历史及滑动速率的定量研究不足,制约着区域地震危险性评价工作.因此,本研究通过卫星影像及早期航片解译和郯城东北华桥一带的古地震探槽揭露,并利用AMS-14C测年方法,定量限定郯城地震断层中段的最新一次古地震事件年龄为距今约12.8+4.0/-3.7ka之前,指示该段断裂在最近一次地震旋回中的大震复发间隔长达一万年以上.同时,结合郯城地震断层约9 m的特征滑动量,估计其晚更新世末以来的右旋走滑速率约为0.7mm/a,显示为低滑动速率特征,符合区域大地测量观测结果所反映的华北地区整体为低应变速率环境的认识.根据新的研究结果推断,低的断裂滑动速率和长达万年尺度的大震复发间隔可能是郯庐断裂晚第四纪活动的主要特征,这将为科学评价郯庐断裂的潜在地震危险性提供重要地质约束.

Discovery and repurposing of artemisinin

Malaria is an ancient infectious disease that threatens millions of lives globally even today.The discovery of artemisinin,inspired by traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),has brought in a paradigm shift and been recognized as the“best hope for the treatment of malaria”by World Health Organization.With its high potency and low toxicity,the wide use of artemisinin effectively treats the otherwise drug-resistant parasites and helps many countries,including China,to eventually eradicate malaria.Here,we will first review the initial discovery of artemisinin,an extraordinary journey that was in stark contrast with many drugs in western medicine.We will then discuss how artemisinin and its derivatives could be repurposed to treat cancer,inflammation,immunoregulation-related diseases,and COVID-19.Finally,we will discuss the implications of the“artemisinin story”and how that can better guide the development of TCM today.We believe that artemisinin is just a starting point and TCM will play an even bigger role in healthcare in the 21st century.

Learn to swim:Online motion control of an underactuated robotic eel based on deep reinforcement learning

As a typical underwater robot,the robotic fish has been a hot topic of research in terms of the swimming control method and the reduction of energy consumption.Body flexibility and passive designs have been proven to be effective approaches for improving the swimming performance of robotic fishes.However,the addition of passive structures or motions of these approaches makes it more difficult to control the movement of robotic fish.In this paper,we proposed a deep reinforcement learning-based method for online learning control of a robotic eel with multiple passive structures.First,we designed a robotic eel with two wire-driven segments and two complaint bodies made of elastic material.Second,a simulation model of the robotic eel was built and the validity of the model was tested.Following that,the neural network was trained in simulation and deployed directly on the robotic eel,which was controlled without an underlying control model or strategy and directly online by the neural network.Finally,extensive experiments verified the effectiveness of our control method,which offers a valuable and potential solution for robots difficult to model and control.