HIV Infection and Associated Factors Among Out-of-School MSM Aged 16–24 Years—6 Cities and Tianjin Municipality,China,2022–2023

What is already known about this topic?Approximately 80%of newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)cases among individuals aged 15–24 years in China are attributed to out-ofschool youth.What is added by this report?This study presents findings on HIV prevalence and comprehensive insights into HIV service utilization,risky behaviors,and prevention knowledge among young out-of-school men who have sex with men(MSM)aged 16–24 years in China.This population exhibits a disproportionately high burden of HIV,with only 51.6%of HIV cases previously diagnosed.What are the implications for public health practice?HIV services should be expanded to include these key populations.Tailored interventions are needed to remove barriers to regular HIV services faced by young key populations.

Implementing Routine HIV Screening in Hospitals:An Effective Practice to Expand HIV Testing—Xishuangbanna Prefecture,Yunnan Province,China,2019–2020

Summary What is already known about this topic?Research evidence is insufficient to suggest whether routine human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)screening in healthcare settings is effective in promoting greater awareness of HIV-positive status.What is added by this report?This study found that,following the implementation of routine HIV screening in hospitals in Xishuangbanna Prefecture,Yunnan Province,there was a significant increase in the number of HIV screenings,positive results,and the positive rate of HIV screening in primary-level hospitals.What are the implications for public health practice?Routine hospital-based HIV screening is effective in identifying HIV infections in areas with concentrated epidemics.

Laminar Distribution of Neurochemically-Identified Interneurons and Cellular Co-expression of Molecular Markers in Epileptic Human Cortex

Inhibitory GABAergic interneurons are fundamental elements of cortical circuits and play critical roles in shaping network activity. Dysfunction of interneurons can lead to various brain disorders, including epilepsy,schizophrenia, and anxiety. Based on the electrophysiological properties, cell morphology, and molecular identity,interneurons could be classified into various subgroups. In this study, we investigated the density and laminar distribution of different interneuron types and the coexpression of molecular markers in epileptic human cortex.We found that parvalbumin(PV) and somatostatin(SST)neurons were distributed in all cortical layers except layer I, while tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) and neuropeptide Y(NPY) were abundant in the deep layers and white matter.Cholecystokinin(CCK) neurons showed a high density in layers IV and VI. Neurons with these markers constituted*7.2%(PV), 2.6%(SST), 0.5%(TH), 0.5%(NPY), and4.4%(CCK) of the gray-matter neuron population. Doubleand triple-labeling revealed that NPY neurons were also SST-immunoreactive(97.7%), and TH neurons were more likely to express SST(34.2%) than PV(14.6%). A subpopulation of CCK neurons(28.0%) also expressed PV, but none contained SST. Together, these results revealed the density and distribution patterns of different interneuron populations and the overlap between molecular markers in epileptic human cortex.

Controlled-release neurotensin-loaded silk fibroin dressings improve wound healing in diabetic rat model

Diabetic foot ulcers(DFU),which may lead to lower extremity amputation,is one of the severe and chronic complications of diabetic mellitus.This study aims to develop,and use dressings based on Silk fibroin(SF)as the scaffold material,gelatin microspheres(GMs)as the carrier for the neurotensin(NT),a neuropeptide that acts as an inflammatory modulator in wound healing and NT as accelerate wound healing drug to treat DFU.We evaluated the wound healing processes and neo-tissue formation in rat diabetic model by macroscopic observation,histological observation(H&E staining and Masson's trichrome staining)and immunofluorescence analysis at 3,7,14,21 and 28 post-operation days.Our results show that the NT/GMs/SF group performance the best not only in macroscopic healing and less scars in 28 post-operation days,but also in fibroblast accumulation in tissue granulation,collagen expression and deposition at the wound site.From release profiles,we can know the GMs are a good carrier for control release drugs.The SEM results shows that the NT/GMs/SF dressings have an average pore size are 40–80μm and a porosity of∼85%,this pore size is suit for wound healing regeneration.These results suggest that the NT/GMs/SF dressings may work as an effective support for control release NT to promote DFU wound healing.

HIV-Related Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Research Among College Students-Six Chinese Cities, 2021

Summary What is already known about this topic?The number of newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)cases among Chinese youth 15–24 years of age shows an upward trend between 2010 and 2019.What is added by this report?This survey is on a larger scale as compared to previous studies.It shows inadequate HIV knowledge—especially on HIV treatment,self-testing,and postexposure prophylaxis—among college students.A significant gap exists between knowledge and behavior as indicated by the low condom use rate despite a high knowledge level.