Biomaterial-based strategies for maxillofacial tumour therapy and bone defect regeneration

Issues caused by maxillofacial tumours involve not only dealing with tumours but also repairing jaw bone defects.In traditional tumour therapy,the systemic toxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs,invasive surgical resection,intractable tumour recurrence,and metastasis are major threats to the patients’lives in the clinic.Fortunately,biomaterial-based intervention can improve the efficiency of tumour treatment and decrease the possibility of recurrence and metastasis,suggesting new promising antitumour therapies.In addition,maxillofacial bone tissue defects caused by tumours and their treatment can negatively affect the physiological and psychological health of patients,and investment in treatment can result in a multitude of burdens to society.Biomaterials are promising options because they have good biocompatibility and bioactive properties for stimulation of bone regeneration.More interestingly,an integrated material regimen that combines tumour therapy with bone repair is a promising treatment option.Herein,we summarized traditional and biomaterial-mediated maxillofacial tumour treatments and analysed biomaterials for bone defect repair.Furthermore,we proposed a promising and superior design of dual-functional biomaterials for simultaneous tumour therapy and bone regeneration to provide a new strategy for managing maxillofacial tumours and improve the quality of life of patients in the future.

Length of the ORF, position of the first AUG and the Kozak motif are important factors in potential dual-coding transcripts

一个单个哺乳动物的抄本通常编码一蛋白质，但是 GNAS (G 蛋白质伪 - 子单元) 的抄本包含二个读物框架并且生产二在结构上无关的蛋白质， XL 伪 s 和 ALEX。没有其它证实象 GNAS 一样双编码的抄本迄今为止被报导了，尽管许多如此的候选人基因被生物信息学分析预言了。在这研究，我们构造了一系列向量测试二个蛋白质产品怎么在 vitro 从一个单个抄本被翻译。ORF (开的读框架) 的长度，第一 8 月的位置和 Kozak 主题被发现是重要因素。这些因素，以及 55-bp NMD (调停胡说八道的 mRNA 腐烂) 规则，为候选人在生物信息学搜索被使用双编码的抄本。分别地， 1307， 750 和 474 个 two-ORF-containing 抄本的一个总数分别地， 170， 89 和 70 哪个被发现是潜在的双编码的抄本在人，老鼠和老鼠被发现。大多数抄本在种类之中显示出低保存。有趣地，双编码的抄本显著地从锌手指蛋白质家庭为抄本被充实，它通常是涉及抄写过程的规定的 DNA 有约束力的蛋白质。

RSPSSL:A novel high-fidelity Raman spectral preprocessing scheme to enhance biomedical applications and chemical resolution visualization

Raman spectroscopy has tremendous potential for material analysis with its molecular fingerprinting capability in many branches of science and technology.It is also an emerging omics technique for metabolic profiling to shape precision medicine.However,precisely attributing vibration peaks coupled with specific environmental,instrumental,and specimen noise is problematic.Intelligent Raman spectral preprocessing to remove statistical bias noise and sample-related errors should provide a powerful tool for valuable information extraction.Here,we propose a novel Raman spectral preprocessing scheme based on self-supervised learning(RSPSSL)with high capacity and spectral fidelity.It can preprocess arbitrary Raman spectra without further training at a speed of~1900 spectra per second without human interference.The experimental data preprocessing trial demonstrated its excellent capacity and signal fidelity with an 88%reduction in root mean square error and a 60%reduction in infinite norm(L__(∞))compared to established techniques.With this advantage,it remarkably enhanced various biomedical applications with a 400%accuracy elevation(ΔAUC)in cancer diagnosis,an average 38%(few-shot)and 242%accuracy improvement in paraquat concentration prediction,and unsealed the chemical resolution of biomedical hyperspectral images,especially in the spectral fingerprint region.It precisely preprocessed various Raman spectra from different spectroscopy devices,laboratories,and diverse applications.This scheme will enable biomedical mechanism screening with the label-free volumetric molecular imaging tool on organism and disease metabolomics profiling with a scenario of high throughput,cross-device,various analyte complexity,and diverse applications.

Partial organic fertilizer substitution promotes soil multifunctionality by increasing microbial community diversity and complexity

Partial substitution of synthetic nitrogen(N)with organic fertilizers(PSOF)is of great significance in improving soil ecosystem functions in systems that have deteriorated due to the excessive application of chemical N fertilizer.However,existing studies typically focus on individual soil functions,neglecting the fact that multiple functions occur simultaneously.It remains unclear how PSOF influences multiple soil functions and whether these impacts are related to soil microbial communities.Here,we examined the impacts of partial substitutions(25%–50%)of chemical N fertilizer with organic form(pig manure or municipal sludge)in a vegetable field on soil multifunctionality,by measuring a range of soil functions involving primary production(vegetable yield and quality),nutrient cycling(soil enzyme activities,ammonia volatilization,N leaching,and N runoff),and climate regulation(soil organic carbon sequestration and nitrous oxide emission).We observed that PSOF improved soil multifunctionality,with a 50%substitution of chemical N fertilizer with pig manure being the best management practice;the result was strongly related to the diversities and network complexities of bacteria and fungi.Random forest analysis further revealed that soil multifunctionality was best explained by the bacterial-fungal network complexity,followed by available phosphorus level and bacterial diversity.The PSOF also shifted the composition of bacterial and fungal communities,with increased relative abundances of dominant bacteria phyla,such as Bacteroidetes,Gemmatimonadetes,and Myxococcota,and fungal phyla,such as Basidiomycota and Olpidiomycota.The observed increases in soil multifunctionality were consistent with significant increases in the relative abundances of keystone taxa such as Blastocladiomycota,Chaetomiaceae,and Nocardiopsaceae.Together,these findings indicate that PSOF can enhance interactions within and among microbial communities and that such practices have the potential to improve soil ecosystem multifunctionality and contribute to the development of sustainable agriculture.

JUNO sensitivity on proton decay p→νK^(+)searches

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO)is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics.In this study,the potential of searching for proton decay in the p→νK^(+)mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification.Moreover,the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits suppression of the sizable background caused by other delayed signals.Based on these advantages,the detection efficiency for the proton decay via p→νK^(+)is 36.9%±4.9%with a background level of 0.2±0.05(syst)±0.2(stat)events after 10 years of data collection.The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years of exposure is 9.6×1033 years,which is competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel and complements the use of different detection technologies.

Isolation and Identification of Cancer Stem-Like Cells from Murine Melanoma Cell Lines

In current study, cancer stem-like cells in the murine melanoma B16F10 cells were investigated. CD phenotypes of the B16F10 cells were analyzed by flow cytometry, and the specific CD phenotype cells from the B16F10 cells were isolated by MACS. Then we used colony formation assay in soft agar media, the cell growth assay in serum-free culture media as well as the tumorigenicity investigation of the specific CD phenotype cells in C57BL/6 mice, respectively, to identify cancer stem-like cells in the B16F10 cells. The results showed that the B16F10 cells could form spherical clones in serum-free culture media, and the rate of clonegenesis of CD133^＋, CD44^＋ and CD44^＋CD133^＋ cells was higher than that of CD133^-, CD44^- and CD44^＋CD133^＋ cells in soft agar media, respectively. The tumorigenic potential of CD133^＋, CD44^＋, CD44^＋CD133^＋ cells and CD44^＋CD133^＋CD24^＋ cells was stronger than that of CD133^-, CD44^-, CD44^＋CD133^- cells and CD44^＋CD133^＋CD24^- cells in mice, respectively. In conclusion, the CD44^＋CD133^＋CD24^＋ cells have some biological properties of cancer stem-like cells or are highly similar to the characteristics of cancer stem cells （CSC）. These results provide an important method for identifying cancer stem-like cells in B16F10 cells and for further cancer target therapy. Cellular ＆ Molecular Immunology.

AgPdCo hollow nanospheres electrocatalyst with high activity and stability toward the formate electrooxidation

The widespread commercial application of direct formate fuel cell(DFFC)is limited by the lack of efficient electrocatalysts for the formate oxidation reaction(FOR).AgPdCo hollow nanospheres(H-NSs)with jagged surfaces are successfully synthesized via a facile method involving the wet-chemical synthesis of AgPdCo nanospheres(NSs)and galvanic replacement reaction between Pd salt and AgPdCo NSs.Surpassing Ag_(30)Pd_(69)Co_(1) NSs and most of previously reported electrocatalysts,Ag_(9)Pd_(90)Co_(1) H-NSs exhibit extremely high FOR activity with a peak current density of 3.08 A·mg_(Pd)^(−1).Apart from the competitive activity,Ag_(9)Pd_(90)Co_(1) H-NSs show greatly improved chronoamperometric and cycling stability,whereby the current density retains about 0.24 A·mg_(Pd)^(−1) after 3,600 s electrocatalysis and the mass activity maintains 54.06%of the initial value after 500 cycles.The unique hollow nanosphere and synergistic effect are responsible for the enhanced activity and stability.This study will provide new clues for the development of outstanding electrocatalysts.

Reliable folding of hybrid tetrapeptides into shortβ-hairpins

Five hybrid tetrapeptides,each consisting a central dipeptide segment ofα-amino acid residues flanked by two aromaticγ-amino acid residues,are found to fold into well-definedβ-hairpin conformations as shown by NMR,computational study,and X-ray structures.The turn loop of thisβ-hairpin motif accommodates different two-residueα-amino acid sequences from the highly flexible Gly-Gly,to the more restricted D-Pro-Gly.The presence ofα-amino acid side chains enhances the stabilities of theβ-hairpins with the exception of D-Pro-Gly-which results in destabilization.Based on this hairpin/turn motif,a variety of different dipeptide sequences ofα-amino acids which rarely occur inβ-turns can be introduced and presented as two-residue loops.

Sub-percent precision measurement of neutrino oscillation parameters with JUNO

JUNO is a multi-purpose neutrino observatory under construction in the south of China.This publication presents new sensitivity estimates for the measurement of the △m_(31)^(2),△m_(21)^(2),sin^(2)θ_(12),and sin^(2)θ_(13) oscillation parameters using reactor antineutrinos,which is one of the primary physics goals of the experiment.The sensitivities are obtained using the best knowledge available to date on the location and overburden of the experimental site,the nuclear reactors in the surrounding area and beyond,the detector response uncertainties,and the reactor antineutrino spectral shape constraints expected from the TAO satellite detector.It is found that the △m_(21)^(2) and sin^(2)θ_(12) oscillation parameters will be determined to 0.5%precision or better in six years of data collection.In the same period,the △m_(31)^(2) parameter will be determined to about 0.2%precision for each mass ordering hypothesis.The new precision represents approximately an order of magnitude improvement over existing constraints for these three parameters.

Feasibility and physics potential of detecting ^(8)B solar neutrinos at JUNO

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO)features a 20 kt multi-purpose underground liquid scintillator sphere as its main detector.Some of JUNO's features make it an excellent location for^8B solar neutrino measurements,such as its low-energy threshold,high energy resolution compared with water Cherenkov detectors,and much larger target mass compared with previous liquid scintillator detectors.In this paper,we present a comprehensive assessment of JUNO's potential for detecting^8B solar neutrinos via the neutrino-electron elastic scattering process.A reduced 2 MeV threshold for the recoil electron energy is found to be achievable,assuming that the intrinsic radioactive background^(238)U and^(232)Th in the liquid scintillator can be controlled to 10^(-17)g/g.With ten years of data acquisition,approximately 60,000 signal and 30,000 background events are expected.This large sample will enable an examination of the distortion of the recoil electron spectrum that is dominated by the neutrino flavor transformation in the dense solar matter,which will shed new light on the inconsistency between the measured electron spectra and the predictions of the standard three-flavor neutrino oscillation framework.IfDelta m^(2)_(21)=4.8times10^(-5);(7.5times10^(-5))eV^(2),JUNO can provide evidence of neutrino oscillation in the Earth at approximately the 3sigma(2sigma)level by measuring the non-zero signal rate variation with respect to the solar zenith angle.Moreover,JUNO can simultaneously measureDelta m^2_(21)using^8B solar neutrinos to a precision of 20% or better,depending on the central value,and to sub-percent precision using reactor antineutrinos.A comparison of these two measurements from the same detector will help understand the current mild inconsistency between the value of Delta m^2_(21)reported by solar neutrino experiments and the KamLAND experiment.