Lunar Penetrating Radar （LPR） is one of the important scientific instru- ments onboard the Chang＇e-3 spacecraft. Its scientific goals are the mapping of lunar regolith and detection of subsurface geologic structure...Lunar Penetrating Radar （LPR） is one of the important scientific instru- ments onboard the Chang＇e-3 spacecraft. Its scientific goals are the mapping of lunar regolith and detection of subsurface geologic structures. This paper describes the goals of the mission, as well as the basic principles, design, composition and achievements of the LPR. Finally, experiments on a glacier and the lunar surface are analyzed.展开更多
This paper reports the synthesis and characteristics of a series of alkyl-substituted planar polymers. The physical properties are carefully tuned to optimize their photovoltaic performance. Depending on the length of...This paper reports the synthesis and characteristics of a series of alkyl-substituted planar polymers. The physical properties are carefully tuned to optimize their photovoltaic performance. Depending on the length of soluble alkyl side chains which modify the structural order and orientation substantially in polymer backbones, the device performance can be improved significantly. The tuning of HOMO energy levels optimized polymers＇ spectral coverage of absorption and their hole mobility, as well as miscibility with fullerene; all these efforts enhanced polymer solar cell performances. The short- circuit current, Jsc for polymer solar cells was increased by adjusting polymer chain packing ability. It was found that films with well distributed polymer/fullerene interpenetrating network exhibit improved solar cell conversion efficiency. Enhanced efficiency up to 5.8% has been demonstrated. The results provide important insights about the roles of flexile chains in structure-property relationship for the design of new polymers to be used in high efficient solar cells.展开更多
Dear Editor,Sex in mammals is genetically determined and defined at the cellular level by the sex chromosome constitution(XY males and XX females)and at the phenotypic level by the development of genderspecific anatom...Dear Editor,Sex in mammals is genetically determined and defined at the cellular level by the sex chromosome constitution(XY males and XX females)and at the phenotypic level by the development of genderspecific anatomy,physiology,and behavior.146,XY complete gonadal dysgenesis(46,XY CGD),first reported by Swyer in 1955,^2 is a rare congenital condition with completely or partially disordered gonadal development,leading to discordance between the genetic,gonadal,and phenotypic sex.Affected patients have a 46,XY karyotype,a female phenotype,normal female external genitalia,and CGD("streak gonads")without sperm production and follicular or steroid function.展开更多
基金funded by the second phase of the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program
文摘Lunar Penetrating Radar （LPR） is one of the important scientific instru- ments onboard the Chang＇e-3 spacecraft. Its scientific goals are the mapping of lunar regolith and detection of subsurface geologic structures. This paper describes the goals of the mission, as well as the basic principles, design, composition and achievements of the LPR. Finally, experiments on a glacier and the lunar surface are analyzed.
基金financially supported by the Postdoctoral Starting Foundation of Henan Normal University(01026500105)Young Scientists Foundation of Henan Normal University(01026400061)Henan Province basic and frontier technology research projects(1323004100247)
文摘This paper reports the synthesis and characteristics of a series of alkyl-substituted planar polymers. The physical properties are carefully tuned to optimize their photovoltaic performance. Depending on the length of soluble alkyl side chains which modify the structural order and orientation substantially in polymer backbones, the device performance can be improved significantly. The tuning of HOMO energy levels optimized polymers＇ spectral coverage of absorption and their hole mobility, as well as miscibility with fullerene; all these efforts enhanced polymer solar cell performances. The short- circuit current, Jsc for polymer solar cells was increased by adjusting polymer chain packing ability. It was found that films with well distributed polymer/fullerene interpenetrating network exhibit improved solar cell conversion efficiency. Enhanced efficiency up to 5.8% has been demonstrated. The results provide important insights about the roles of flexile chains in structure-property relationship for the design of new polymers to be used in high efficient solar cells.
基金This work is supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(Grand No.2017YFC1002003)the National High-tech Research and Development Program(863)of China(Grand No.2015AA020404)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grand No.81771637,81571488)the Frontier Technology Project of Shanghai(Grand No.SHDC12015122)
文摘Dear Editor,Sex in mammals is genetically determined and defined at the cellular level by the sex chromosome constitution(XY males and XX females)and at the phenotypic level by the development of genderspecific anatomy,physiology,and behavior.146,XY complete gonadal dysgenesis(46,XY CGD),first reported by Swyer in 1955,^2 is a rare congenital condition with completely or partially disordered gonadal development,leading to discordance between the genetic,gonadal,and phenotypic sex.Affected patients have a 46,XY karyotype,a female phenotype,normal female external genitalia,and CGD("streak gonads")without sperm production and follicular or steroid function.
