Acarbose glycosylation by AcbE for the production of acarstatins with enhancedα-amylase inhibitory activity

Acarbose is a potent glycosidase inhibitor widely used in the clinical treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Various acarbose analogs have been identified while exploring compounds with improved pharmacological properties.In this study,we found that AcbE from Actinoplanes sp.SE50/110 catalyzes the production of acarbose analogs that exhibit significantly improved inhibitory activity towardsα-amylase than acarbose.Recombinant AcbE mainly catalyzed the formation of two new compounds,namely acarstatins A and B,using acarbose as substrate.Using high-resolution mass spectrometry,nuclear magnetic resonance,and glycosidase hydrolysis,we elucidated their chemical structures as O-α-d-maltosyl-(1→4)-acarbose and O-α-d-maltotriosyl-(1→4)-acarbose,respectively.Acarstatins A and B exhibited 1584-and 1478-fold greater inhibitory activity towards human salivaryα-amylase than acarbose.Furthermore,both acarstatins A and B exhibited complete resistance to microbiome-derived acarbose kinase 1-mediated phosphorylation and partial resistance to acarbose-preferred glucosidase-mediated hydrolysis.Therefore,acarstatins A and B have great potential as candidate therapeutic agents for T2DM.

安丝菌素聚酮合酶模块2中脱水酶结构域的生化功能

【目的】I型聚酮合酶(Polyketide synthase,PKS)模块中不同的修饰是聚酮类化合物结构多样性的重要原因之一。抗癌药物安丝菌素化学结构中C11-C14区域存在特殊的双键迁移结构,可能与聚酮合酶模块2或者3中脱水酶结构域(Dehydratase,DH)的催化密切相关,本研究通过探究聚酮合酶模块2中DH结构域(Ansa DH_2)的生化功能,确定其在安丝菌素聚酮链延伸过程中的脱水功能。【方法】本文以安丝菌素产生菌Actinosynnema pretiosum subsp. pretiosum ATCC 31280为研究材料,首先,对安丝菌素聚酮合酶模块中的4个不同DH结构域进行了生物信息学分析;然后,利用化学方法合成了Ansa DH_2的底物类似物waq-1,建立和优化了Ansa DH_2的体外生化反应体系;并利用ESI-MS~2的方法鉴定了Ansa DH_2催化形成的终产物的结构,确定了Ansa DH_2在安丝菌素聚酮链延伸中的α-β脱水作用;最后,通过定点突变的策略,对Ansa DH_2的关键氨基酸进行了鉴定。【结果】通过生物信息学分析显示Ansa DH_2和Ansa DH_3与已报道的催化双键迁移的DH结构域进化关系近;通过六步线性化学反应合成了Ansa DH_2底物类似物waq-1,终产率为17.81%;建立并优化了Ansa DH_2的生化反应条件,使36 h的底物转化率达到45%;通过对Ansa DH_2催化形成的终产物的结构鉴定,证明安丝菌素聚酮链延伸过程中Ansa DH_2催化底物类似物发生了α-β脱水;最后,氨基酸的定点突变证明了Ansa DH_2第48位的组氨酸(H)是脱水活性的必需氨基酸。【结论】本研究证明了Ansa DH_2具有催化α-β脱水的功能,丰富了DH结构域的研究,为后续研究安丝菌素聚酮链延伸过程中的双键迁移奠定了基础。