Experimental Study of the Pressure Fluctuations in a Pump Turbine at Large Partial Flow Conditions

Frequent shifts of output and operating mode require a pump turbine with excellent stability. Current researches show that large partial flow conditions in pump mode experience positive-slope phenomena with a large head drop. The pressure fluctuation at the positive slope is crucial to the pump turbine unit safety. The operating instabilities at large partial flow conditions for a pump turbine are analyzed. The hydraulic performance of a model pump turbine is tested with the pressure fluctuations measured at unstable operating points near a positive slope in the performance curve. The hydraulic performance tests show that there are two separated positive-slope regions for the pump turbine, with the flow discharge for the first positive slope from 0.85 to 0.91 times that at the maximum efficiency point. The amplitudes of the pressure fluctuations at these unstable large partial flow conditions near the first positive slope are much larger than those at stable operating condtions. A dominant frequency is measured at 0.2 times the impeller rotational frequency in the flow passage near the impeller exit, which is believed to be induced by the rotating stall in the flow passage of the wicket gates. The test results also show hysteresis with pressure fluctuations when the pump turbine is operated near the first positive slope. The hysteresis creates different pressure fluctuations for those operation points even though their flow rates and heads are similar respectively. The pressure fluctuation characteristics at large partial flow conditions obtained by the present study will be helpful for the safe operation of pumped storage units.

翼型间隙空化数值模拟的湍流模型比较分析

为了比较不同湍流模型对间隙泄漏空化计算的影响及间隙泄漏空化的流动特性,利用CFD方法对一侧有间隙的翼型绕流流动进行分析.选取具有不同攻角和间隙的翼型作为研究对象,并利用3种常用的湍流模型,结合修正后的空化模型,对翼型间隙泄漏涡引起的空化进行计算.计算结果表明:修正密度的RNG k-ε模型对间隙泄漏空化的形态预测及泄漏涡附近主流方向速度分布的预测更为准确;受壁面条件和翼型尾迹的影响,泄漏涡所在位置的主流方向速度在间隙为10 mm时具有较大值.小间隙条件下,翼型间隙内侧的剪切空化更为强烈,翼型上方的泄漏空化距翼型上表面更远.间隙增大至10 mm时,较高的涡中心速度使泄漏涡空化发展距离更远、溃灭更慢.翼型叶顶的圆角对间隙流动有一定的引导作用,使间隙内侧及其附近的速度分布更为均匀,并对空化的发生位置产生影响.

疫情防控背景下城市应急生活物资配送

针对疫情防控中应急生活物资调度及科学管理问题,构建以中游节点数量最少且距离上游节点与下游节点里程总和最小为目标的最短路径优化模型,采用熵权法将其转化为单目标。其次,基于模拟退火算法,设计了以增加、减少中游节点数量及随机改变中游节点服务小区个数等为核心的邻域解搜索策略。然后,基于长春市相关数据,对该模型进行了详细求解,并绘制了有序网络图。最后,构建了以货车运行时间及货车开行数量最少为目标的货车服务方案优化模型,采用模拟退火算法进行求解。研究较好地解决了疫情暴发期城市应急生活物资的优化配送问题。