土壤保持是生态系统通过其结构与过程减少由于降水所导致的土壤侵蚀的作用,是生态系统重要调节服务之一。四川省位于长江上游,是我国重要的生态安全屏障区域,对其生态系统土壤保持功能的保护和土壤侵蚀的控制是维持长江中下游生态安全...土壤保持是生态系统通过其结构与过程减少由于降水所导致的土壤侵蚀的作用,是生态系统重要调节服务之一。四川省位于长江上游,是我国重要的生态安全屏障区域,对其生态系统土壤保持功能的保护和土壤侵蚀的控制是维持长江中下游生态安全的重要保障。研究采用通用土壤流失方程(USLE)和统计学方法,对四川省生态系统土壤保持功能的空间特征以及影响因素展开分析,结果表明:(1) 2015年,四川省生态系统土壤保持总量为199.01亿t,平均土壤保持强度约409.43 t hm-2a-1,森林和灌丛生态系统是土壤保持功能的主体,农田生态系统仍发挥了相当数量的土壤保持作用,但农业活动中需注意采取水土保持措施;(2)空间上,土壤保持功能较强的区域主要位于地形起伏明显的盆周山地区(包括龙门山、邛崃山、大凉山和米仓山等),以巴中市、雅安市、达州市、广元市、攀枝花市、乐山市等地的平均土壤保持强度较高,以凉山州、阿坝州、甘孜州、雅安市、巴中市、达州市等地的土壤保持极重要区分布较广;(3)自然因素中,气候和地形是影响研究区生态系统土壤保持空间格局的主要因素,土壤因素在区域尺度上也表现出一定的影响,植被因素则可能在局域尺度上发挥作用。研究从土壤保持功能角度揭示了保障生态安全的重要区域,研究结果可为四川省的生态保护和侵蚀控制提供科学指导。展开更多
Human activities significantly alter ecosystems and their services; however, quantifying the impact of human activities on ecosystems has been a great challenge in ecosystem management. We used the Universal Soil Loss...Human activities significantly alter ecosystems and their services; however, quantifying the impact of human activities on ecosystems has been a great challenge in ecosystem management. We used the Universal Soil Loss Equation and county-level socioeconomic data to assess the changes in the ecosystem service of soil conservation between 2000 and 2010, and to analyze its spatial characteristics and driving factors in the southwestern China. The results showed that cropland in the southwestern China decreased by 3.74%, while urban land, forest, and grassland areas increased by 46.78%, 0.86%, and 1.12%, respectively. The soil conservation increased by 1.88 × 10^(11) kg, with deterioration only in some local areas. The improved and the degraded areas accounted for 6.41% and 2.44% of the total land area, respectively. Implementation of the Sloping Land Conversion Program and urbanization explained 57.80% and 23.90% of the variation in the soil conservation change, respectively, and were found to be the main factors enhancing soil conservation. The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake was one of the factors that led to the degradation of soil conservation. Furthermore, industrial adjustment, by increasing shares of Industry and Service and reducing those of Agriculture, has also promoted soil conservation. Our results quantitatively showed and emphasized the contributions to soil conservation improvement made by implementing ecological restoration programs and promoting urbanization. Consequently, these results provide basic information to improve our understanding of the effects of ecological restoration programs, and help guide future sustainable urban development and regional industrial restructuring.展开更多
Natural landscapes consist of the natural substances, environment, and phenomena, all of which provide many benefits to people, including a sense of place, sightseeing, relaxing, and recuperating. However, the economi...Natural landscapes consist of the natural substances, environment, and phenomena, all of which provide many benefits to people, including a sense of place, sightseeing, relaxing, and recuperating. However, the economic value of natural landscapes has only been recognized in recent decades, and the resulting large-scale decline and degradation of ecosystems now severely threatens the sustainable provision of their services to society. There is an emerging consensus that natural capital should be incorporated into the current socioeconomic accounting system. Many studies valuated natural resources at local and regional scales, but there are very few empirical studies at a national level. To provide a benchmark for natural landscape management on a national scale, we use the travel cost method(TCM) and the contingent valuation method(CVM) to determine the economic value and the spatial distribution of natural landscapes across China. Our results show that the total economic value of China′s natural landscape was 9.75 × 10^(11) U.S. dollars(USD) in 2012. Of this value, the highest proportion was in the eastern and southwestern regions of China, which accounts for 23.7% and 18.3%, respectively. The provinces of Guangdong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Inner Mongolia, and Heilongjiang were the top five in terms of the largest number of natural landscapes and largest economic values. Together, these five provinces accounted for 32.9% of the total number of natural landscapes and 29.4% of the total economic value in 2012. We believe this study will increase awareness of the value of natural landscapes, and more importantly provide a scientific basis for resolving conflicts between development and resource conservation.展开更多
文摘土壤保持是生态系统通过其结构与过程减少由于降水所导致的土壤侵蚀的作用,是生态系统重要调节服务之一。四川省位于长江上游,是我国重要的生态安全屏障区域,对其生态系统土壤保持功能的保护和土壤侵蚀的控制是维持长江中下游生态安全的重要保障。研究采用通用土壤流失方程(USLE)和统计学方法,对四川省生态系统土壤保持功能的空间特征以及影响因素展开分析,结果表明:(1) 2015年,四川省生态系统土壤保持总量为199.01亿t,平均土壤保持强度约409.43 t hm-2a-1,森林和灌丛生态系统是土壤保持功能的主体,农田生态系统仍发挥了相当数量的土壤保持作用,但农业活动中需注意采取水土保持措施;(2)空间上,土壤保持功能较强的区域主要位于地形起伏明显的盆周山地区(包括龙门山、邛崃山、大凉山和米仓山等),以巴中市、雅安市、达州市、广元市、攀枝花市、乐山市等地的平均土壤保持强度较高,以凉山州、阿坝州、甘孜州、雅安市、巴中市、达州市等地的土壤保持极重要区分布较广;(3)自然因素中,气候和地形是影响研究区生态系统土壤保持空间格局的主要因素,土壤因素在区域尺度上也表现出一定的影响,植被因素则可能在局域尺度上发挥作用。研究从土壤保持功能角度揭示了保障生态安全的重要区域,研究结果可为四川省的生态保护和侵蚀控制提供科学指导。
基金Under the auspices of National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China(No.2011BAC09B08)Special Issue of National Remote Sensing Survey and Assessment of Eco-Environment Change between 2000 and 2010(No.STSN-04-01)
文摘Human activities significantly alter ecosystems and their services; however, quantifying the impact of human activities on ecosystems has been a great challenge in ecosystem management. We used the Universal Soil Loss Equation and county-level socioeconomic data to assess the changes in the ecosystem service of soil conservation between 2000 and 2010, and to analyze its spatial characteristics and driving factors in the southwestern China. The results showed that cropland in the southwestern China decreased by 3.74%, while urban land, forest, and grassland areas increased by 46.78%, 0.86%, and 1.12%, respectively. The soil conservation increased by 1.88 × 10^(11) kg, with deterioration only in some local areas. The improved and the degraded areas accounted for 6.41% and 2.44% of the total land area, respectively. Implementation of the Sloping Land Conversion Program and urbanization explained 57.80% and 23.90% of the variation in the soil conservation change, respectively, and were found to be the main factors enhancing soil conservation. The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake was one of the factors that led to the degradation of soil conservation. Furthermore, industrial adjustment, by increasing shares of Industry and Service and reducing those of Agriculture, has also promoted soil conservation. Our results quantitatively showed and emphasized the contributions to soil conservation improvement made by implementing ecological restoration programs and promoting urbanization. Consequently, these results provide basic information to improve our understanding of the effects of ecological restoration programs, and help guide future sustainable urban development and regional industrial restructuring.
基金Under the auspices of National Science and Technology Support Program(No.2011BAC09B08-02)
文摘Natural landscapes consist of the natural substances, environment, and phenomena, all of which provide many benefits to people, including a sense of place, sightseeing, relaxing, and recuperating. However, the economic value of natural landscapes has only been recognized in recent decades, and the resulting large-scale decline and degradation of ecosystems now severely threatens the sustainable provision of their services to society. There is an emerging consensus that natural capital should be incorporated into the current socioeconomic accounting system. Many studies valuated natural resources at local and regional scales, but there are very few empirical studies at a national level. To provide a benchmark for natural landscape management on a national scale, we use the travel cost method(TCM) and the contingent valuation method(CVM) to determine the economic value and the spatial distribution of natural landscapes across China. Our results show that the total economic value of China′s natural landscape was 9.75 × 10^(11) U.S. dollars(USD) in 2012. Of this value, the highest proportion was in the eastern and southwestern regions of China, which accounts for 23.7% and 18.3%, respectively. The provinces of Guangdong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Inner Mongolia, and Heilongjiang were the top five in terms of the largest number of natural landscapes and largest economic values. Together, these five provinces accounted for 32.9% of the total number of natural landscapes and 29.4% of the total economic value in 2012. We believe this study will increase awareness of the value of natural landscapes, and more importantly provide a scientific basis for resolving conflicts between development and resource conservation.
