Sowing date and seeding rate are critical for productivity of winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.).A three-year field experiment was conducted with three sowing dates(20 September(SD1),1 October(SD2),and 10 October(SD3)...Sowing date and seeding rate are critical for productivity of winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.).A three-year field experiment was conducted with three sowing dates(20 September(SD1),1 October(SD2),and 10 October(SD3)) and three seeding rates(SR67.5,SR90,and SR112.5) to determine suitable sowing date and seeding rate for high wheat yield.A large seasonal variation in accumulated temperature from sowing to winter dormancy was observed among three growing seasons.Suitable sowing dates for strong seedlings before winter varied with the seasons,that was SD2 in 2012–2013,SD3 in 2013–2014,and SD2 as well as SD1 in 2014–2015.Seasonal variation in precipitation during summer fallow also had substantial effects on soil water storage,and consequently influenced grain yield through soil water consumption from winter dormancy to maturity stages.Lower consumption of soil water from winter dormancy to booting stages could make more water available for productive growth from anthesis to maturity stages,leading to higher grain yield.SD2 combined with SR90 had the lowest soil water consumption from winter dormancy to booting stages in 2012–2013 and 2014–2015; while in 2013–2014,it was close to that with SR67.5 or SR112.5.For productive growth from anthesis to maturity stages,SD2 with SR90 had the highest soil water consumption in all three seasons.The highest water consumption in the productive growth period resulted in the best grain yield in both low and high rainfall years.Ear number largely contributed to the seasonal variation in grain yield,while grain number per ear and 1 000-grain weight also contributed to grain yield,especially when soil water storage was high.Our results indicate that sowing date and seeding rate affect grain yield through seedling development before winter and also affect soil water consumption in different growth periods.By selecting the suitable sowing date(1 October) in combination with the proper seeding rate of 90 kg ha–1,the best yield was achieved.Based on these results,we recommend that the current sowing date be delayed from 22 or 23 September to 1 October.展开更多
Shortages and fluctuations in precipitation are influential limiting factors for the sustainable cultivation of rain-fed winter wheat on the Loess Plateau of China.Plastic film mulching is one of the most effective wa...Shortages and fluctuations in precipitation are influential limiting factors for the sustainable cultivation of rain-fed winter wheat on the Loess Plateau of China.Plastic film mulching is one of the most effective water management practices to improve soil moisture,and may be useful in the Loess Plateau for increasing soil water storage.A field experiment was conducted from July 2010 to June 2012 on the Loess Plateau to investigate the effects of mulching time and rates on soil water storage,evapotranspiration(ET),water use efficiency(WUE),and grain yield.Six treatments were conducted:(1) early mulching(starting 30 days after harvest) with whole mulching(EW);(2) early mulching with half mulching(EH);(3) early mulching with no mulching(EN);(4) late mulching(starting 60 days after harvest) with whole mulching(LW);(5) late mulching with half mulching(LH);and(6) late mulching with no mulching(LN).EW increased precipitation storage efficiency during the fallow periods of each season by 18.4 and 17.8%,respectively.EW improved soil water storage from 60 days after harvest to the booting stage and also outperformed LN by 13.8 and 20.9% in each growing season.EW also improved spike number per ha by 13.8 and 20.9% and grain yield by 11.7 and 17.4% during both years compared to LN.However,EW decreased WUE compared with LN.The overall results of this study demonstrated that EW could be a productive and efficient practice to improve wheat yield on the Loess Plateau of China.展开更多
基金supported by the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-0301-24)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31771727)+5 种基金the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (2015BAD23B04-2)The research project was also supported by the Shanxi Scholarship Council,China (2015Key 4)the Shanxi Science and Technology Innovation Team Project,China (201605D131041)the Jinzhong Science and Technology Plan Project,China (Y172007-2)the Sanjin Scholar Support Special Funds,Chinathe Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest,China (201503120)
文摘Sowing date and seeding rate are critical for productivity of winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.).A three-year field experiment was conducted with three sowing dates(20 September(SD1),1 October(SD2),and 10 October(SD3)) and three seeding rates(SR67.5,SR90,and SR112.5) to determine suitable sowing date and seeding rate for high wheat yield.A large seasonal variation in accumulated temperature from sowing to winter dormancy was observed among three growing seasons.Suitable sowing dates for strong seedlings before winter varied with the seasons,that was SD2 in 2012–2013,SD3 in 2013–2014,and SD2 as well as SD1 in 2014–2015.Seasonal variation in precipitation during summer fallow also had substantial effects on soil water storage,and consequently influenced grain yield through soil water consumption from winter dormancy to maturity stages.Lower consumption of soil water from winter dormancy to booting stages could make more water available for productive growth from anthesis to maturity stages,leading to higher grain yield.SD2 combined with SR90 had the lowest soil water consumption from winter dormancy to booting stages in 2012–2013 and 2014–2015; while in 2013–2014,it was close to that with SR67.5 or SR112.5.For productive growth from anthesis to maturity stages,SD2 with SR90 had the highest soil water consumption in all three seasons.The highest water consumption in the productive growth period resulted in the best grain yield in both low and high rainfall years.Ear number largely contributed to the seasonal variation in grain yield,while grain number per ear and 1 000-grain weight also contributed to grain yield,especially when soil water storage was high.Our results indicate that sowing date and seeding rate affect grain yield through seedling development before winter and also affect soil water consumption in different growth periods.By selecting the suitable sowing date(1 October) in combination with the proper seeding rate of 90 kg ha–1,the best yield was achieved.Based on these results,we recommend that the current sowing date be delayed from 22 or 23 September to 1 October.
基金financially supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest in China(201303104 and 201503120)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-03-01-24)+1 种基金the Key Science and Technology Program of Shanxi Province,China(20140311008-3)the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2015BAD23B04)
文摘Shortages and fluctuations in precipitation are influential limiting factors for the sustainable cultivation of rain-fed winter wheat on the Loess Plateau of China.Plastic film mulching is one of the most effective water management practices to improve soil moisture,and may be useful in the Loess Plateau for increasing soil water storage.A field experiment was conducted from July 2010 to June 2012 on the Loess Plateau to investigate the effects of mulching time and rates on soil water storage,evapotranspiration(ET),water use efficiency(WUE),and grain yield.Six treatments were conducted:(1) early mulching(starting 30 days after harvest) with whole mulching(EW);(2) early mulching with half mulching(EH);(3) early mulching with no mulching(EN);(4) late mulching(starting 60 days after harvest) with whole mulching(LW);(5) late mulching with half mulching(LH);and(6) late mulching with no mulching(LN).EW increased precipitation storage efficiency during the fallow periods of each season by 18.4 and 17.8%,respectively.EW improved soil water storage from 60 days after harvest to the booting stage and also outperformed LN by 13.8 and 20.9% in each growing season.EW also improved spike number per ha by 13.8 and 20.9% and grain yield by 11.7 and 17.4% during both years compared to LN.However,EW decreased WUE compared with LN.The overall results of this study demonstrated that EW could be a productive and efficient practice to improve wheat yield on the Loess Plateau of China.
