The semiconductor industry typifies the international division of labor and exhibits significant structural differences in global trade in key product segments.The evolution of cross-border trade flows and dependency ...The semiconductor industry typifies the international division of labor and exhibits significant structural differences in global trade in key product segments.The evolution of cross-border trade flows and dependency relationships,as well as trade organization patterns of manufactured products,equipment and materials for manufacturing,are investigated by constructing a global semiconductor trade relationship matrix and using the Gini coefficient and trade dependency index.It was found that:(1)the global semiconductor trade is highly spatially unbalanced,with materials and equipment trade in particular highly concentrated in a few countries on both the supply and demand sides;(2)China has replaced the US as the largest global semiconductor trade player and has shaped the regionalized system of manufactured goods and materials trade with East and Southeast Asian economies,but its equipment trade is highly dependent on Europe and the US;(3)the semiconductor production model has promoted the regionalization of the east and southeast Asia region in the trade of manufactured products and materials,and developed economies such as the US,the EU,Japan,and South Korea have maintained their monopolistic advantage in the trade of semiconductor equipment by building exclusive innovation networks and establishing trade barriers.The monopolistic nature of the semiconductor equipment trade and the regionalization of manufactured goods and materials have formed the characteristics of the global semiconductor trade and are likely to be further strengthened in future trade.展开更多
Energy development has a significant impact on urbanization. This study employs the entropy method to evaluate the level of urbanization in Central Asia and further analyzes the possible dynamic transition mechanisms ...Energy development has a significant impact on urbanization. This study employs the entropy method to evaluate the level of urbanization in Central Asia and further analyzes the possible dynamic transition mechanisms of the impact of energy development (characterized by energy development scale, energy trade, energy consumption, and energy endowment) on urbanization using the Panel Smooth Transition Regression model (PSTR). The results demonstrate that energy development in this region is characterized by “three highs and one low”, namely, high production volume, high export volume, high endowment, and low self-consumption, and plays a crucial role in the progress of urbanization. A nonlinear relationship is found to exist between energy development and comprehensive urbanization in the transition economies of Central Asia. Generally speaking, as energy development continues to expand, its impact on urbanization in this region has shifted from constraint to promotion, with the latter gradually tending to flatten out. Energy development characterized by energy development scale, energy consumption, and energy trade can prove the point, whose threshold is 1.47 million tons oil equivalent (Mtoe), 0.29 tons oil equivalent (toe) per capita, and 20.95 Mtoe, respectively. However, not all energy development models exhibit this behavior. Energy development characterized by energy endowment is such a case where the positive effect of it on comprehensive urbanization will be restrained when it exceeds 3.18. These findings can aid decision makers in seeking a better energy development model to promote the sustainable development of urbanization in Central Asia, avoiding energy resources waste and disorderly development.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42130712。
文摘The semiconductor industry typifies the international division of labor and exhibits significant structural differences in global trade in key product segments.The evolution of cross-border trade flows and dependency relationships,as well as trade organization patterns of manufactured products,equipment and materials for manufacturing,are investigated by constructing a global semiconductor trade relationship matrix and using the Gini coefficient and trade dependency index.It was found that:(1)the global semiconductor trade is highly spatially unbalanced,with materials and equipment trade in particular highly concentrated in a few countries on both the supply and demand sides;(2)China has replaced the US as the largest global semiconductor trade player and has shaped the regionalized system of manufactured goods and materials trade with East and Southeast Asian economies,but its equipment trade is highly dependent on Europe and the US;(3)the semiconductor production model has promoted the regionalization of the east and southeast Asia region in the trade of manufactured products and materials,and developed economies such as the US,the EU,Japan,and South Korea have maintained their monopolistic advantage in the trade of semiconductor equipment by building exclusive innovation networks and establishing trade barriers.The monopolistic nature of the semiconductor equipment trade and the regionalization of manufactured goods and materials have formed the characteristics of the global semiconductor trade and are likely to be further strengthened in future trade.
基金The Strategic Priority Research of the CAS,No.XDA20040400National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41871118,No.4202200。
文摘Energy development has a significant impact on urbanization. This study employs the entropy method to evaluate the level of urbanization in Central Asia and further analyzes the possible dynamic transition mechanisms of the impact of energy development (characterized by energy development scale, energy trade, energy consumption, and energy endowment) on urbanization using the Panel Smooth Transition Regression model (PSTR). The results demonstrate that energy development in this region is characterized by “three highs and one low”, namely, high production volume, high export volume, high endowment, and low self-consumption, and plays a crucial role in the progress of urbanization. A nonlinear relationship is found to exist between energy development and comprehensive urbanization in the transition economies of Central Asia. Generally speaking, as energy development continues to expand, its impact on urbanization in this region has shifted from constraint to promotion, with the latter gradually tending to flatten out. Energy development characterized by energy development scale, energy consumption, and energy trade can prove the point, whose threshold is 1.47 million tons oil equivalent (Mtoe), 0.29 tons oil equivalent (toe) per capita, and 20.95 Mtoe, respectively. However, not all energy development models exhibit this behavior. Energy development characterized by energy endowment is such a case where the positive effect of it on comprehensive urbanization will be restrained when it exceeds 3.18. These findings can aid decision makers in seeking a better energy development model to promote the sustainable development of urbanization in Central Asia, avoiding energy resources waste and disorderly development.
