注射用全氟丁烷微球超声造影联合血清αL-岩藻糖苷酶和叉头框蛋白A1及簇集蛋白对小肝癌和肝脏局灶性结节增生的鉴别价值

目的探讨注射用全氟丁烷微球超声造影联合血清αL-岩藻糖苷酶(AFU)、叉头框蛋白A1(FOXA1)、簇集蛋白对小肝癌和肝脏局灶性结节增生(FNH)的鉴别价值。方法选取2021年3月至2024年3月新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院收治的264例小肝癌或FNH可疑患者,根据病理检查结果分为小肝癌组(87例)和FNH组(177例)。采用注射用全氟丁烷微球超声造影检查比较相关参数。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测和比较血清AFU、FOXA1、簇集蛋白表达。绘制受试者工作特征曲线分析血清AFU、FOXA1、簇集蛋白对小肝癌及FNH的诊断价值。采用四格表分析注射用全氟丁烷微球超声造影联合血清AFU、FOXA1、簇集蛋白对小肝癌及FNH的鉴别价值。结果小肝癌组对比剂早于周围到达、对比剂灌注缺损、动脉期增强后扩大>10%占比均高于FNH组,Kupffer相有高增强环占比低于FNH组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。小肝癌组血清AFU、FOXA1、簇集蛋白水平均高于FNH组[(64±6)U/L比(36±5)U/L,(18.4±2.5)μg/L比(13.3±2.2)μg/L,(120±16)μg/L比(84±14)μg/L],差异均有统计学意义(t=38.944、16.829、18.925,均P<0.001)。受试者工作特征曲线分析结果显示血清AFU、FOXA1、簇集蛋白诊断小肝癌和FNH的曲线下面积为0.895(95%置信区间:0.857~0.934)、0.900(95%置信区间:0.861~0.940)、0.866(95%置信区间:0.820~0.913),三者联合诊断小肝癌和FNH的曲线下面积为0.979(95%置信区间:0.965~0.994)。注射用全氟丁烷微球超声造影检测小肝癌和FNH的准确度高于AFU、FOXA1、簇集蛋白单独检测,略低于四者联合检测。结论注射用全氟丁烷微球超声造影联合血清AFU、FOXA1、簇集蛋白可提高对小肝癌和FNH的鉴别价值。

ChatGPT可否充当情感专家?——调查其在情感与隐喻分析的潜力

为了探索ChatGPT情感分析能力以及对主观性和隐喻性理解的潜力,将ChatGPT在5个情感、幽默与隐喻基准数据集上展开评估,通过与领域内最前沿的模型对比,讨论其在不同任务上的优势与局限。此外,还通过对比ChatGPT与人类在情感分析中的性能差别,发现ChatGPT在情感、幽默与隐喻任务上与人类结果分别相差9.52%,16.64%和6.69%。实验结果表明,尽管ChatGPT在对话生成方面获得最佳表现,但是其在情感理解方面仍具有改进的潜力。最后,通过改善提示模板,调查ChatGPT在情感理解场景下对提示模板的敏感性。

基于上下文知识增强型Transformer网络的抑郁检测

抑郁症作为一种常见的心理健康问题,严重影响人们的日常生活甚至是生命安全。鉴于目前的抑郁症检测存在主观性和人工干预等缺点,基于深度学习的自动检测方式成为热门研究方向。对于最易获取的文本模态而言,主要的挑战在于如何建模抑郁文本中的长距离依赖与序列依赖。为解决该问题,提出一种基于上下文知识的增强型Transformer网络模型RoBERTa-BiLSTM,旨在从抑郁文本序列中充分提取和利用上下文特征。结合序列模型与Transformer模型优点,建模单词间上下文交互,为抑郁类别揭示与信息表征提供参考。首先,利用RoBERTa方法将词汇嵌入到语义向量空间;其次,利用双向长短期记忆网络(BiLSTM)模型有效捕获长距离上下文语义;最后,在DAIC-WOZ和EATD-Corpus 2个大规模数据集上进行实证研究。实验结果显示,RoBERTa-BiLSTM模型的准确率分别达到0.74和0.93以上,召回率分别达到0.66和0.56以上,能够准确地检测抑郁症。

Etiological Analysis of 256 Hypouricemia Cases

Objective: To analyze the serum uric acid results of patients with hypouricemia hospitalized in the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, thereby providing new insights for the prevention and treatment of hypouricemia. Method: This study employed a retrospective case analysis, dividing patients into two groups: 16 cases with uric acid levels less than 50 μmol/L (group Level 1), and 240 cases with uric acid levels between 50 μmol/L and 119 μmol/L (group Level 2). Basic data such as age, gender, department, and clinical diagnosis were collected for each patient. Renal indices, including creatinine, urea, β2-microglobulin, and cystatin C, were analyzed and compared. Results: The highest percentage of patients with uremia was found in Level 1, with a rate of 31.25%. In Level 2, the highest percentage of patients had malignant tumors, with a rate of 15.41%. Tumor sites included the liver, lungs, endometrium, ovaries, breasts, stomach, pancreas, colon, hypopharynx, and others. The second highest percentage was 13.75% for patients with lung diseases, followed by 10% for patients with cranio-cerebral diseases. Other prevalent conditions included renal diseases, hematological diseases, multiple injuries, orthopedic diseases, rheumatological-immunological diseases, and cardiac diseases. There were significant differences between the two uric acid level groups in terms of prevalent diseases (P < 0.05). Additionally, gender differences were significant between the two groups (P < 0.05). However, for renal disease indicators, no significant differences were found between the two levels (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The types of diseases presented by patients were related to different low uric acid levels. Most patients‘ renal function indices were within normal reference ranges at different low uric acid levels. The prevalence of different low uric acid levels was related to gender.

PhaseⅠ/Ⅱtrial evaluating concurrent carbon-ion radiotherapy plus chemotherapy for salvage treatment of locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Background: After deinitive chemoradiotherapy for non-metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC), more than 10% of patients will experience a local recurrence. Salvage treatments present signiicant challenges for locally recurrent NPC. Surgery, stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy, and brachytherapy have been used to treat locally recurrent NPC. However, only patients with small-volume tumors can beneit from these treatments. Re-irradiation with X-ray—based intensity-modulated radiotherapy(IMXT) has been more widely used for salvage treatment of locally recurrent NPC with a large tumor burden, but over-irradiation to the surrounding normal tissues has been shown to cause frequent and severe toxicities. Furthermore, locally recurrent NPC represents a clinical entity that is more radioresistant than its primary counterpart. Due to the inherent physical advantages of heavy-particle therapy, precise dose delivery to the target volume(s), without exposing the surrounding organs at risk to extra doses, is highly feasible with carbon-ion radiotherapy(CIRT). In addition, CIRT is a high linear energy transfer(LET) radiation and provides an increased relative biological efectiveness compared with photon and proton radiotherapy. Our prior work showed that CIRT alone to 57.5 Gy E(gray equivalent), at 2.5 Gy E per daily fraction, was well tolerated in patients who were previously treated for NPC with a deinitive dose of IMXT. The short-term response rates at 3–6 months were also acceptable. However, no patients were treated with concurrent chemotherapy. Whether the addition of concurrent chemotherapy to CIRT can beneit locally recurrent NPC patients over CIRT alone has never been addressed. It is possible that the beneits of high-LET CIRT may make radiosensitizing chemotherapy unnecessary. We therefore implemented a phase I/II clinical trial to address these questions and present our methodology and results.Methods and design: The maximal tolerated dose(MTD) of re-treatment using raster-scanning CIRT plus concurrent cisplatin will be determined in the phase I, dose-escalating stage of this study. CIRT dose escalation from 52.5 to 65 Gy E(2.5 Gy E × 21–26 fractions) will be delivered, with the primary endpoints being acute and subacute toxicities. Eicacy in terms of overall survival(OS) and local progression-free survival of patients after concurrent chemotherapy plus CIRT at the determined MTD will then be studied in the phase II stage of the trial. We hypothesize that CIRT plus chemotherapy can improve the 2-year OS rate from the historical 50% to at least 70%.Conclusions: Re-treatment of locally recurrent NPC using photon radiation techniques, including IMXT, provides moderate eicacy but causes potentially severe toxicities. Improved outcomes in terms of eicacy and toxicity proile are expected with CIRT plus chemotherapy. However, the MTD of CIRT used concurrently with cisplatin-based chemotherapy for locally recurrent NPC remains to be determined. In addition, whether the addition of chemotherapy to CIRT is needed remains unknown. These questions will be evaluated in the dose-escalating phase I and randomized phase II trials.

The inflammation influence on corneal surface after frontalis suspension surgery

AIM： To study the influence of frontalis muscle flap suspension on ocular surface by analyzing the clinical features and inflammatory cytokines.METHODS： A prospective, observational case series. Thirty-one eyes of 25 patients with severe congenital blepharoptosis who underwent frontalis muscle flap suspension surgery with at least 6 mo of follow-up were included in the study. The main outcome measures were margin reflex distance 1（MRD_1）, degree of lagophthalmos, ocular surface disease index（OSDI）, fluorescein staining（Fl）, tear break-up time（BUT）, Schirmer I test, and inflammatory cytokine assay.RESULTS： The degrees of lagophthalmos significantly increased after surgery. The OSDI scores significantly increased 1wk postoperatively and then decreased 4wk after operation. The Fl scores reflected corneal epithelial defects in sixteen patients at early stage postoperatively. The BUT and Schirmer I test values remained stable and did not show change compared to those before surgery. The inflammatory cytokines in conjunctival epithelial cells（including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-17A） significantly increased 1wk after the surgery（P〈0.001）, then returned to the normal level at 24wk postoperatively. The levels of inflammatory cytokine IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-17A elevated significantly and were positively correlated with OSDI and Fl scores.CONCLUSION： Frontalis muscle flap suspension surgery results in lagophthalmos in early period of post-operation and relieved after months. The elevation of inflammatory cytokines level may participate in the occurrence of corneal epithelial defects at the early postoperative stage.

Value of gastroscopy combined with serum pepsinogen in the diagnosis of high risk Hp related gastric cancer

Objective:To explore the value of Helicobacter pylori antibody (Hp-IgG) and serum pepsinogen (PG) combined with gastroscopy for screening early gastric cancer and precancerous lesions in high-risk groups, so as to provide references for early clinical prevention and diagnosis.Methods: A retrospective analysis of our hospital from December 2014 to December 2017 were elderly patients with gastric cancer 304 cases, selected admitted 122 cases of elderly patients with gastric precancerous lesion (divided into superficial gastritis group, 70 cases of chronic atrophic gastritis group 52 cases) and 156 cases to the hospital in healthy volunteers as the control group. The status and the positive rate of Helicobacter pylori 13C urea breath test and compared two groups of patients with infection;using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of serum pepsinogen I (PG I), II (PG II) and pepsin Hp-IgG quantitative and qualitative diagnosis of individual and combined diagnostic efficiency and the comparison of three kinds of index.Results: The four groups were compared, the serum PG level of I from high to low were superficial gastritis group, normal control group, atrophic gastritis group and gastric cancer group, the differences were statistically significant;serum PG II levels from high to low in gastric cancer group and superficial gastritis group. Atrophic gastritis group, normal control group, the differences were statistically significant. Compared with the three groups, the positive rate of Hp-IgG was 90.7% in the gastric cancer group, 45.6% in the superficial gastritis group, 52.5% in the atrophic gastritis group, and the gastric cancer group was higher than that in the precancerous lesion group, but there was no difference between the precancerous lesions group. In terms of diagnostic efficacy, the specificity and sensitivity of Helicobacter pylori combined with pepsinogen were higher than those of the single diagnosis. Conclusion: Hp-IgG and PG combined with gastroscopy in screening high-risk gastric cancer and its precancerous lesions are of high specificity, high sensitivity and can be popularized in clinic.

Successful treatment of Morbihan disease with total glucosides of paeony:A case report

BACKGROUND Morbihan disease is a rare cutaneous disorder characterized by non-pitting edema and erythema of the upper two-thirds of the face.In severe cases,orbital and facial contour changes may affect the visual field,and there is no guideline for the standard treatment of this disease.Existing treatment methods have been reported to be associated with long medication cycle,easy recurrence after drug withdrawal,and multiple adverse reactions.CASE SUMMARY A 55-year-old Chinese woman presented to our hospital with non-pitting edema and erythema of the upper two thirds of her face for 5 mo.Physical examination showed obvious edema and erythema on the upper face.The boundary was unclear,the lesions were hard and non-pitting,and infiltration was obvious by touch.Pathological examination revealed mild hyperkeratosis of the epidermis,nodular inflammatory lesions in the dermis,epithelioid granuloma,and inflammatory cell infiltration with lymphocytes and histiocytes around skin appendages and blood vessels.Alcian blue staining,acid fast staining,silver staining and periodic acid-Schiff staining were negative.The patient was diagnosed with Morbihan disease.She was treated with prednisone acetate and tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside tablets for 4 mo,and the edema was slightly reduced,but transaminase levels were significantly increased.Compound glycyrrhizin capsules were administered for liver protection for 1 mo;however,facial edema did not significantly improve and transaminase levels continued to increase.Total glucosides of paeony capsules were then administered for 4 mo,and transaminase level returned to normal and the patient’s facial edema disappeared completely.CONCLUSION Total glucosides of paeony has a remarkable effect in Morbihan disease,without adverse reactions.

New Nano-Film Single-Rivet Patent Ductus Arteriosus Occluders:A Prospective,Randomized and Double-blind Study

Nitinol alloy occluders are widely used in the transcatheter intervention treatment of congenital heart diseases like patent ductus arteriosus（PDA）.However,nitinol alloy contains high levels of nickel,which can lead to toxic effects in the immune and hematopoietic systems if released in sufficient quantities.A new type of single-rivet occluder coated with nano-film has been developed to limit the release of nickel.In total,23 patients were recruited and randomly assigned to the experimental group（n=12） with the new nano-film single-rivet occluders or the control group（n=11） with the traditional occluders.One case in the control group was lost to follow-up.The remaining 22 cases were followed up at 24 h,7 days,1 month,3 months,and 6 months after the procedure.There were no statistically significant differences in routine blood test,alanine aminotransferase,creatinine,and troponin between the experimental and control groups.Serum nickel concentration in both two groups increased at 24 h after the procedure,peaked at 1 month,and returned to preoperative levels at 6 months.Serum nickel levels in the experimental group were significantly lower than in the control group at 24 h,7 days,1 month,and 3 months after the procedure.These data suggested that the nano-film coating effectively prevented nickel release from the new occluders,and therefore has a preferable safety profile.

Effects of nutritional support and intervention on intestinal flora, Th cellular immune response and inflammatory response in patients with severe ulcerative colitis

Objective: To explore the effects of nutritional support and intervention on intestinal flora, Th cellular immune response and inflammatory response in patients with severe ulcerative colitis. Methods: A total of 90 UC patients who were diagnosed and treated in the hospital between August 2014 and January 2017 were divided into the control group (n=45) and the nutritional intervention group (n=45) by random number table. Control group received clinical routine therapy for UC, and nutritional intervention group received routine therapy as well as nutritional support and intervention. The differences in the intestinal flora distribution, Th1/Th2 cytokine contents and inflammatory mediator contents were compared between the two groups. Results: Before intervention, there was no statistically significant difference in the intestinal flora distribution, Th1/Th2 cytokine contents and inflammatory mediator contents between the two groups. After intervention, the number of enterobacter and enterococcus in nutritional intervention group were lower than those in control group whereas the number of lactobacilli, Bifidobacterium and clostridium butyricum were higher than those in control group;serum IL-2 and IFN-γ contents were lower than those of control group whereas IL-4 and IL-10 contents were higher than those of control group;serum MCP-1, MIP-1a and HMGB-1 contents were lower than those of control group. Conclusion: Nutritional support and intervention can further balance the intestinal flora distribution and Th1/Th2 immune response and suppress the systemic inflammatory response in patients with severe ulcerative colitis.

超声造影参数联合血清FGF23和FGFR1水平检测对乳腺癌的临床诊断价值研究

目的 探讨超声造影参数联合血清成纤维细胞生长因子-23(fibroblast growth factor-23,FGF23)和成纤维细胞生长因子受体1(fibroblast growth factor receptor 1,FGFR1)在诊断乳腺癌的临床应用价值。方法 选择2020年8月~2022年6月在新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院就诊的87例乳腺癌患者作为观察对象(恶性组),选取同期90例乳腺良性病变患者作为良性组,分析两组观察对象超声造影参数,酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测血清FGF23和FGFR1表达水平,Pearson法分析乳腺癌患者血清FGF23和FGFR1水平与超声造影参数的相关性,ROC曲线分析超声造影参数、血清FGF23和FGFR1对乳腺癌的诊断价值。结果 与良性组比较,恶性组的超声造影峰值强度(peak intensity,PI)(15.36±3.47 dB vs 12.54±2.83 dB)、曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)(382.69±90.51 dB/s vs 262.95±75.34 dB/s)及血清FGF23(119.28±26.41 pg/ml vs 86.41±20.35 pg/ml),FGFR1(11.36±3.42 ng/mL vs 7.24±2.26 ng/mL)水平升高,达峰时间(time to peak,TTP)(18.46±4.31 s vs 24.23±5.25 s)降低,差异均有统计学意义(t=5.934~9.579,均P=0.000)。相关性分析显示,乳腺癌患者血清FGF23水平与PI,AUC呈正相关(r=0.493,0.561,均P=0.000),与TTP呈负相关(r=-0.572,P=0.000);血清FGFR1水平与PI,AUC呈正相关(r=0.603,0.491,均P=0.000),与TTP呈负相关(r=-0.545,P=0.000)。超声造影参数联合血清FGF23和FGFR1诊断乳腺癌的曲线下面积为0.971,联合诊断效能明显高于单独诊断,差异均有统计学意义(Z=6.478,5.558,4.839,4.780,4.943,均P <0.05)。结论 超声造影参数联合血清FGF23和FGFR1对乳腺癌具有较高诊断价值,可为乳腺癌的临床诊治提供参考。

丁羟推进剂药浆流平性能实验与模拟

为研究表观黏度及屈服应力对丁羟推进剂药浆流平性的影响,文中对丁羟推进剂药浆进行了流平性实验,并提出滞止角的概念来表征药浆的流平性,得出药浆屈服应力对滞止角的影响规律。同时采用Carreau黏度模型模拟了药浆流平过程并与实验结果进行了对比,并通过计算软件Flow3D定量表征了丁羟推进剂药浆的表观黏度、屈服应力单变量对流平性的影响。结果表明,丁羟推进剂药浆的流动角度与药浆流平时间的对数满足线性关系;不同时刻药浆流动角度的数值模拟与实验结果误差在5%以内,内侧流到终点的时间相差小于10%,验证了Carreau黏度模型求解药浆流平过程的可行性。丁羟推进剂药浆的表观黏度是影响流平速度的主要参数,当表观黏度由400 Pa·s增大到1000 Pa·s时,药浆流平所需时间由277s延长到871s;屈服应力决定了药浆流平结束时滞止角的大小,当屈服应力由60Pa增大到120Pa时,滞止角由8.69°增大到14.98°,相应增加了72.4%。

基于TPX透镜的连续太赫兹波像面数字全息成像研究

太赫兹波对非极性材料具有良好的穿透性,与太赫兹波强度成像相比,相衬成像能够更好的反映物体的内部结构。本文提出了基于TPX透镜的连续太赫兹波像面数字全息相衬成像方法,研究了全息记录和再现过程,利用曲面拟合畸变校正去除TPX透镜引入的二次相位畸变。实验搭建了太赫兹像面数字全息成像系统,利用振幅型西门子星样品对系统的成像分辨率进行了定量分析,同时对有机材料和生物样品两种相位型样品进行成像,实验验证了该相衬成像方法的有效性。在太赫兹波段引入像面成像,有利于提高太赫兹成像分辨率及成像质量,在生物医学成像、无损检测等领域具有广泛的应用前景。

3D打印衍射元件的高分辨太赫兹计算机辅助层析成像研究(特邀)

提出了一种由三维打印技术制作的用于0.3 THz波束调控的二元相位型衍射透镜,可产生轴向焦深为25 mm、腰斑直径为1 mm的太赫兹聚焦波束。将该聚焦波束应用于连续太赫兹波计算机辅助层析成像,不仅将成像分辨率提高到1.5 mm,而且由于扩大了系统景深,提高了成像保真度。这类利用三维打印技术制作的二元衍射元件可有效应用于低频太赫兹波段的光束调控,为太赫兹成像系统的性能优化以及聚焦元件的设计制备提供一种有效途径。

连续太赫兹波双物距叠层定量相衬成像

针对连续太赫兹波叠层成像重建算法收敛较为迟滞的问题,提出一种连续太赫兹波双物距叠层成像方法及相关重建算法,使用不同记录距离形成的差异化衍射图幅值作为重建算法记录平面的约束条件,增加了记录平面数据多样性和衍射信息冗余度.仿真结果表明,本方法可以加快算法收敛速率,有效减少迭代次数,提高连续太赫兹波定量相衬成像计算效率.随后构建了基于2.52 THz光泵连续太赫兹激光器的双物距叠层成像实验装置,应用双物距记录方法及改进算法重建获得了聚丙烯基字母图案样品的幅值和相位分布,结果表明改进方法可以减少算法迭代次数,提升计算效率,同时改善相位像重建结果保真度.

基于微波频差转换的光学拍频研究

光学拍频是大学物理和光学实验教学中的重要内容.由于激光器存在中心波长漂移问题,实验中不易产生可观测的拍频信号.受到微波光子技术中微波波段和光波波段相互作用机理的启发,提出了基于微波频差转换的光学拍频方法.借助强度调制和相位调制将两个频差较小的微波信号调制到同一光载波上,结合光学滤波器获得了两个频差极小的稳定光信号,利用光电探测器实现光学拍频,从仿真和实验两个层面分别获得了可视化的低频拍频信号.该研究为大学物理和光学实验提供了与科学前沿相结合的实验方案,可拓展教学内容和教学深度,有利于培养学生的科学素养.

角谱法数值再现离轴菲涅耳数字全息成像的物理机制探讨

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太赫兹波具有独特的低能性、高穿透性、惧水性等成像特性,将其应用于相衬成像能够反映物体的内部结构和更加丰富全面的生物信息,在生物医学检测等领域具有重要的应用。其中,太赫兹波数字全息成像是一种可以给出定量的振幅和相位信息的非接触、全场相衬成像方法,是太赫兹成像技术领域的重要研究方向之一。本文基于连续太赫兹源,从离轴式和同轴式数字全息成像的相衬成像原理、光路系统和再现算法多个方面,介绍了相关技术的研究现状,分析了太赫兹源、再现算法等因素对成像分辨率的影响,并对太赫兹数字全息的发展趋势进行了展望。