First mirror(FM)cleaning,using radio frequency(RF)plasma,has been proposed to recover FM reflectivity in nuclear fusion reactors such as the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor(ITER).To investigate the in...First mirror(FM)cleaning,using radio frequency(RF)plasma,has been proposed to recover FM reflectivity in nuclear fusion reactors such as the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor(ITER).To investigate the influence of simultaneous cleaning of two mirrors on mirror cleaning efficiency and uniformity,experiments involving single-mirror cleaning and dual-mirror cleaning were conducted using RF capacitively coupled plasma in the laboratory.For the test and simultaneous cleaning of two mirrors,the FM and second mirror(SM),both measuring 110 mm×80 mm,were placed inside the first mirror unit(FMU).They were composed of 16 mirror samples,each with a dimension of 27.5 mm×20 mm.These mirror samples consist of a titanium-zirconium-molybdenum alloy substrate,a 500 nm Mo intermediate layer and a 30 nm Al_(2)O_(3) surface coating as a proxy for Be impurities.The cleaning of a single first mirror(SFM)and the simultaneous cleaning of the FM and SM(DFM and DSM)lasted for 9 h using Ar plasma at a pressure of 1 Pa.The total reflectivity of mirror samples on the DSM did not fully recover and varied with location,with a self-bias of−140 V.With a self-bias of−300 V,the total reflectivity of mirror samples on the SFM and DFM was fully recovered.The energy dispersive spectrometer results demonstrated that the Al_(2)O_(3) coating had been completely removed from these mirror samples.However,the mass loss of each mirror sample on the SFM and DFM before and after cleaning varied depending on its location,with higher mass loss observed for mirror samples located in the corners and lower loss for those in the center.Compared with SM cleaning,the simultaneous cleaning of two mirrors reduced the difference between the highest and lowest mass loss.Furthermore,this mass loss for the mirror samples of the DFM facing the DSM was increased.This indicated that mirror samples cleaned face to face in the FMU simultaneously could influence each other,highlighting the need for special attention in future studies.展开更多
Although a large number of studies have focused on various aspects of politeness,very little is known about how politeness intention is activated cognitively during verbal communication.The present study aims to explo...Although a large number of studies have focused on various aspects of politeness,very little is known about how politeness intention is activated cognitively during verbal communication.The present study aims to explore the cognitive mechanism of politeness intention processing,and how it is related to pragmatic failure during cross-cultural communication.Using 30 Chinese EFL university students who were instructed to finish a probe word judgment task with 96 virtual scenarios,the results indicate that within both mono-and cross-cultural contexts,the response time in the experimental scenarios was significantly slower than that of the filler scenarios.This suggests that politeness intention was activated while understanding the surface meaning of the conversation;however,the EFL learners could not completely avoid the negative transfer of their native politeness conventions when they were comprehending the conversational intention of the target language.Furthermore,no significant differences in response time were found between the groups with high and low English pragmatic competence,illustrating that transferring the pragmatic rules and principles into cross-cultural communication skills was more cognitively demanding.Overall,this study adds to the literature on politeness research and provides some implications for foreign language pragmatic instructions.展开更多
Background:Magnesium cantharidate(MC)is a protein phosphatase 2A(PP2A)inhibitor antitumor drug.However,its antitumor mechanism in hepatocellular carcinoma cell(HCC)remains unclear.Methods:PP2A lentiviral vector over e...Background:Magnesium cantharidate(MC)is a protein phosphatase 2A(PP2A)inhibitor antitumor drug.However,its antitumor mechanism in hepatocellular carcinoma cell(HCC)remains unclear.Methods:PP2A lentiviral vector over expression strategy was utilized both in vivo and in vitro to explore the antitumor effect in MC and okadaic acid(OA).Tumor weight was detected in mice after MC and OA exposure.Cell proliferation,cell cycle,apoptosis rate,and western blotting were detected to explore the effects on MC and OA in human hepatocarcinoma SMMC-7721 cells.Results:In vivo results demonstrated that MC inhibited HCC progression while OA promoted tumor growth.In vitro results demonstrated that MC effectively inhibited the growth of SMMC-7721 cells by arresting the cell cycle at the G2/M phase with inhibiting Cdc25C and activating the phosphorylation of the Cdc2 protein.Flow cytometry results further showed that MC increased apoptosis.Furthermore,the expression of phosphorylated ERK1/2 was lower in the MC group but higher in the OA group.Molecular docking results showed that MC docked well with ERK1/2.Conclusions:MC inhibited HCC progression by suppressing the growth and activating the apoptosis of cancer cells and suppressing the expression of PP2A and ERK1/2.展开更多
BACKGROUND Variants in the MYO7A gene commonly result in Usher syndrome,and in rare cases lead to autosomal dominant non-syndromic deafness(DFNA11).Currently,only nine variants have been reported to be responsible for...BACKGROUND Variants in the MYO7A gene commonly result in Usher syndrome,and in rare cases lead to autosomal dominant non-syndromic deafness(DFNA11).Currently,only nine variants have been reported to be responsible for DFNA11 and their clinical phenotypes are not identical.Here we present a novel variant causing DFNA11 identified in a three-generation Chinese family.CASE SUMMARY The proband was a 53-year-old Han male who presented with post-lingual bilateral symmetrical moderate sensorineural hearing loss.We learned from the patient’s medical history collection that multiple family members also had similar hearing loss,generally occurring around the age of 40.Subsequent investigation by high-throughput sequencing identified a novel MYO7A variant.To provide evidence supporting that this variant is responsible for the hearing loss in the studied family,we performed Sanger sequencing on 11 family members and found that the variant co-segregated with the deafness phenotype.In addition,the clinical manifestation of the 11 affected family members was found to be lateonset bilateral slowly progressive hearing loss,inherited in this family in an autosomal dominant manner.None of the affected family members had visual impairment or vestibular symptoms;therefore,we believe that this novel MYO7A variant is responsible for the rare DFNA11 in this family.CONCLUSION We report a novel variant leading to DFNA11 which further enriches the collection of MYO7A variants,and our review of the nine previous variants that have been identified to cause DFNA11 provides a reference for clinical genetic counseling.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Project of China(No.2022YFE03030000)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11975269,12275306 and 12075279)+3 种基金the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2022452)the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.2208085J40)the CASHIPS Director’s Fund(Nos.YZJJQY202302 and BJPY2023B03)the Comprehensive Research Facility for Fusion Technology Program of China(No.2018-000052-73-01-001228).
文摘First mirror(FM)cleaning,using radio frequency(RF)plasma,has been proposed to recover FM reflectivity in nuclear fusion reactors such as the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor(ITER).To investigate the influence of simultaneous cleaning of two mirrors on mirror cleaning efficiency and uniformity,experiments involving single-mirror cleaning and dual-mirror cleaning were conducted using RF capacitively coupled plasma in the laboratory.For the test and simultaneous cleaning of two mirrors,the FM and second mirror(SM),both measuring 110 mm×80 mm,were placed inside the first mirror unit(FMU).They were composed of 16 mirror samples,each with a dimension of 27.5 mm×20 mm.These mirror samples consist of a titanium-zirconium-molybdenum alloy substrate,a 500 nm Mo intermediate layer and a 30 nm Al_(2)O_(3) surface coating as a proxy for Be impurities.The cleaning of a single first mirror(SFM)and the simultaneous cleaning of the FM and SM(DFM and DSM)lasted for 9 h using Ar plasma at a pressure of 1 Pa.The total reflectivity of mirror samples on the DSM did not fully recover and varied with location,with a self-bias of−140 V.With a self-bias of−300 V,the total reflectivity of mirror samples on the SFM and DFM was fully recovered.The energy dispersive spectrometer results demonstrated that the Al_(2)O_(3) coating had been completely removed from these mirror samples.However,the mass loss of each mirror sample on the SFM and DFM before and after cleaning varied depending on its location,with higher mass loss observed for mirror samples located in the corners and lower loss for those in the center.Compared with SM cleaning,the simultaneous cleaning of two mirrors reduced the difference between the highest and lowest mass loss.Furthermore,this mass loss for the mirror samples of the DFM facing the DSM was increased.This indicated that mirror samples cleaned face to face in the FMU simultaneously could influence each other,highlighting the need for special attention in future studies.
文摘Although a large number of studies have focused on various aspects of politeness,very little is known about how politeness intention is activated cognitively during verbal communication.The present study aims to explore the cognitive mechanism of politeness intention processing,and how it is related to pragmatic failure during cross-cultural communication.Using 30 Chinese EFL university students who were instructed to finish a probe word judgment task with 96 virtual scenarios,the results indicate that within both mono-and cross-cultural contexts,the response time in the experimental scenarios was significantly slower than that of the filler scenarios.This suggests that politeness intention was activated while understanding the surface meaning of the conversation;however,the EFL learners could not completely avoid the negative transfer of their native politeness conventions when they were comprehending the conversational intention of the target language.Furthermore,no significant differences in response time were found between the groups with high and low English pragmatic competence,illustrating that transferring the pragmatic rules and principles into cross-cultural communication skills was more cognitively demanding.Overall,this study adds to the literature on politeness research and provides some implications for foreign language pragmatic instructions.
基金The research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.81760746)Science and Technology Department of Zunyi city of Guizhou province of China([2020]7)Guizhou Provincial Science&Technology Program(ZK[2022]615).
文摘Background:Magnesium cantharidate(MC)is a protein phosphatase 2A(PP2A)inhibitor antitumor drug.However,its antitumor mechanism in hepatocellular carcinoma cell(HCC)remains unclear.Methods:PP2A lentiviral vector over expression strategy was utilized both in vivo and in vitro to explore the antitumor effect in MC and okadaic acid(OA).Tumor weight was detected in mice after MC and OA exposure.Cell proliferation,cell cycle,apoptosis rate,and western blotting were detected to explore the effects on MC and OA in human hepatocarcinoma SMMC-7721 cells.Results:In vivo results demonstrated that MC inhibited HCC progression while OA promoted tumor growth.In vitro results demonstrated that MC effectively inhibited the growth of SMMC-7721 cells by arresting the cell cycle at the G2/M phase with inhibiting Cdc25C and activating the phosphorylation of the Cdc2 protein.Flow cytometry results further showed that MC increased apoptosis.Furthermore,the expression of phosphorylated ERK1/2 was lower in the MC group but higher in the OA group.Molecular docking results showed that MC docked well with ERK1/2.Conclusions:MC inhibited HCC progression by suppressing the growth and activating the apoptosis of cancer cells and suppressing the expression of PP2A and ERK1/2.
文摘BACKGROUND Variants in the MYO7A gene commonly result in Usher syndrome,and in rare cases lead to autosomal dominant non-syndromic deafness(DFNA11).Currently,only nine variants have been reported to be responsible for DFNA11 and their clinical phenotypes are not identical.Here we present a novel variant causing DFNA11 identified in a three-generation Chinese family.CASE SUMMARY The proband was a 53-year-old Han male who presented with post-lingual bilateral symmetrical moderate sensorineural hearing loss.We learned from the patient’s medical history collection that multiple family members also had similar hearing loss,generally occurring around the age of 40.Subsequent investigation by high-throughput sequencing identified a novel MYO7A variant.To provide evidence supporting that this variant is responsible for the hearing loss in the studied family,we performed Sanger sequencing on 11 family members and found that the variant co-segregated with the deafness phenotype.In addition,the clinical manifestation of the 11 affected family members was found to be lateonset bilateral slowly progressive hearing loss,inherited in this family in an autosomal dominant manner.None of the affected family members had visual impairment or vestibular symptoms;therefore,we believe that this novel MYO7A variant is responsible for the rare DFNA11 in this family.CONCLUSION We report a novel variant leading to DFNA11 which further enriches the collection of MYO7A variants,and our review of the nine previous variants that have been identified to cause DFNA11 provides a reference for clinical genetic counseling.
