Mango Leaf Disease Identification Using Fully Resolution Convolutional Network

Due to the high demand for mango and being the king of all fruits,it is the need of the hour to curb its diseases to fetch high returns.Automatic leaf disease segmentation and identification are still a challenge due to variations in symptoms.Accurate segmentation of the disease is the key prerequisite for any computer-aided system to recognize the diseases,i.e.,Anthracnose,apicalnecrosis,etc.,of a mango plant leaf.To solve this issue,we proposed a CNN based Fully-convolutional-network(FrCNnet)model for the segmentation of the diseased part of the mango leaf.The proposed FrCNnet directly learns the features of each pixel of the input data after applying some preprocessing techniques.We evaluated the proposed FrCNnet on the real-time dataset provided by the mango research institute,Multan,Pakistan.To evaluate the proposed model results,we compared the segmentation performance with the available state-of-the-art models,i.e.,Vgg16,Vgg-19,and Unet.Furthermore,the proposed model’s segmentation accuracy is 99.2%with a false negative rate(FNR)of 0.8%,which is much higher than the other models.We have concluded that by using a FrCNnet,the input image could learn better features that are more prominent and much specific,resulting in an improved and better segmentation performance and diseases’identification.Accordingly,an automated approach helps pathologists and mango growers detect and identify those diseases.

Physical aspects of anisotropic compact stars in f(T,T) gravity with off diagonal tetrad

This study addresses the formation of anisotropic compact star models in the background of f(T,T)gravity(where T and T represent the torsion and trace of the energy momentum tensor,respectively).f(T,T)gravity is an extension of the f(T)theory,and it allows a general non-minimal coupling between T and T.In this setup,we apply Krori and Barua's solution to the static spacetime with the components ξ=Br^(2)+c and ψ=Ar^(2).To develop viable solutions,we select a well-known model f(T,T)=αT^(m)+βT+Ф(where α and β are coupling parameters,and Ф indicates the cosmological constant).We adopt the conventional matching of interior and exterior space time to evaluate the unknowns,which are employed in the stellar configuration.We present a comprehensive discussion on the stellar properties to elaborate the anisotropic nature of compact stars corresponding to well-known models:PSRJ1416-2230,4U1608-52,CenX-3,EXO1785-248,and SMCX-1.Via physical analysis,it is observed that the solution of compact spheres satisfy the acceptability criteria,and its models behave optimally and depict stability and consistency,in accordance with f(T,T)gravity.

Holographic Einstein ring of a charged Rastall AdS black hole with bulk electromagnetic field

We study the Einstein images of a charged Rastall AdS black hole(BH)within the fabric of AdS/CFT correspondence.Considering the holographic setup,we analyze the amplitude of the total response function for various values of model parameters.With an increase in parameterλand temperature T,the amplitude of the response function decreases,while it increases with an increase in electric charge e and chemical potentialμ.The influence of frequencyωalso plays an important role in the bulk field,as it is found that decreasingωleads to an increase in the periods of the waves,which means that the amplitude of the response function also depends on the wave source.The relation between T and the inverse of the horizon for various values of parameterλis interpreted under fixed values of other involved parameters.These,in turn,affect the behavior of the response function and the Einstein ring,which may be used to differentiate the present study from previous ones.We construct the holographic images of the BH in bulk via a special optical system.The results show that the Einstein ring always appears with concentric stripes at the position of the north pole,and this ring transforms into a luminosity-deformed ring or bright light spot when the distant observer lies away from the north pole.Finally,we discuss the influence of the associated parameters on the Einstein ring radius,which is consistent with wave optics.

Dynamics of holographic images of scalar-tensor-vector gravity-AdS black holes

Using AdS/CFT correspondence,we analyze the holographic Einstein images via the response function of the complex scalar field as a probe wave on an AdS Schwarzschild scalar-tensor-vector gravity(STVG)black hole(BH).We find that the amplitude of the response function||decreases with increasing values of coupling parameter a and increases with decreasing temperature T.The frequencyωof the wave source also plays a significant role in wave periods;as we increase the values ofω,the periods of waves decrease,indicating that the total response function closely depends on the wave source.Further,we investigate the optical appearance of the holographic images of the BH in bulk.We found that the holographic ring always appears with surrounding concentric stripes when the observer is located at the north pole,and an extremely bright ring appears when the observer is at the position of the photon sphere of the BH.This ring changes into a luminosity-deformed ring or a bright light spot as the observational angle changes.The corresponding brightness profiles show that the luminosity of the ring decreases and the shadow radius increases with increasing values of a.The relation between temperature T and the inverse of the horizonh_e is discussed;T is small at the beginning of the horizon he and then increases as the horizon radius increases.This effect can be used to distinguish the STVG BH solution from other BH solutions.Moreover,these significant features are also reflected in the Einstein ring and corresponding brightness profiles.In addition,we compare the results obtained by wave optics and geometric optics,which align well,implying that the holographic scheme adopted in this study is valid.