早期血运重建及体外膜肺氧合支持治疗急性心肌梗死合并心原性休克的疗效观察及影响因素分析

目的:探讨早期血运重建及体外膜肺氧合(ECMO)治疗急性心肌梗死合并心原性休克患者的疗效,并分析影响其预后的因素。方法:回顾2018年1月至2019年12月郑州大学人民医院早期血运重建及ECMO救治的急性心肌梗死合并心原性休克66例患者的临床资料。收集并分析患者一般情况、临床特征、合并症、冠状动脉病变特点,ECMO前后血流动力学变化及应用时长、并发症及疗效,是否应用主动脉球囊反搏(IABP)及院内临床转归等。结果:66例患者平均年龄(56.6±11.7)岁,其中男性46例。患者入院均行早期血运重建:5例行冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG);61例行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI),其中44例行入院即刻早期血运重建,17例行院内延迟早期血运重建;其中42例患者为多支冠状动脉病变。所有患者均应用ECMO辅助,其中39例使用了IABP。ECMO治疗后患者平均动脉压、中心静脉压、血乳酸水平及pH值均得到显著改善(P均<0.05)。66例患者中38例成功撤机,30例存活出院,36例死亡;并发症分别为20例肾功能不全或急性肾功能衰竭、11例消化道出血、5例脑出血、1例肺出血、9例下肢血栓及3例下肢缺血。多因素Logistic回归分析显示高血压,多脏器功能衰竭,发生至少2次呼吸心脏骤停、意识丧失及恶性心律失常事件为患者院内死亡的高危因素(P<0.05),应用IABP对院内结局无显著影响。结论:早期血运重建及ECMO用于救治急性心肌梗死合并心原性休克的患者是可行的。

Use of Impella cardiac axial flow pump for cardiogenic shock(A newer alternative)-How good is the evidence?

The adverse outcomes of a ventricular heart failure(left,right or biventricular)caused by cardiogenic shock are aggravated by lung oedema and organ mal perfusion.Despite advances in medical sciences,revascularisation and mechanical hemodynamic support have proved ineffective in reducing the mortality rate in such patients.A thorough study of the data available about cardio-vascular diseases reveals that the application of conventional methods of treatment are least helpful to practically restore normal functions of heart when it experiences end-stage systolic ventricular failure.Thus,to overcome the challenges and find alternatives to address this issue,percutaneous ventricular support devices/machines were designed and successfully introduced.These devices have revolutionized the treatment of ventricular heart failures and are now in use all over the world.In this review paper a newer mechanical circulatory support(MCS)device,Impella,has been discussed and compared with a few other devices like Intra-aortic Balloon Pump(IABP),Extracorporeal Circulation(ECLS)and Veno-arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation(VA-ECMO).This article studies the challenges being faced during the treatment of cardiogenic shock,and thoroughly discusses the use and effectiveness of Impella Cardiac Axial Pump in each emergency.It can be said that mechanical circulatory support(MCS)device use during percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)should be individualized based on multiple factors with a recommended use in patients with the greatest potential benefit and a relatively low risk of device-related complications.The current literature suggests that the outcomes of use of Impella and other mechanical circulatory support devices like IABP and VA-ECMO are comparable.Though there seem to be a few advantages of Impella over the others,sufficiently powered,multi-centric,randomised control trials are needed to establish its superiority.

Impella心脏轴流泵与心源性休克救治研究进展

心源性休克的常见原因包括急性心肌梗死、心肌病、心包疾病、心肌炎、开胸手术,其主要表现为心输出量下降、平均动脉压下降、终末靶器官灌注不足,休克进入死亡瀑布。尽管介入、溶栓技术取得很大进步,但ST段抬高型心肌梗死合并心源性休克患者住院病死率仍高达50%以上。Impella是心脏血流动力学辅助装置轴流泵,可稳定心源性休克患者血流动力学,减轻左心室负荷,增加器官的有效灌注,促进患者康复。本文就目前治疗心源性休克面临的挑战及Impella心脏轴流泵在心源性休克救治中作用的研究进展作一综述。

经皮机械循环辅助装置——Impella研究进展

越来越多的研究证据表明,机械循环辅助(MCS)可以对循环系统提供有效辅助,纠正血流动力学紊乱状态,改善器官组织灌注,提高患者的生存率,其临床应用逐渐增多。Impella作为经皮MCS装置的一种,目前已经被美国食品及药品管理局(FDA)批准用于心原性休克(CS)或者选择性和紧急高危经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)或保护性PCI患者。因此,本文将从Impella的作用原理、Impella在CS患者中应用、Impella在高危PCI患者中应用及Impella指南推荐意见和批准适应证说明等几个方面介绍Impella临床应用的研究进展。