PAIgG and PAIgM levels in secondary dengue virus infections lead to thrombocytopenia in patients from KP, Pakistan

Objective: To understand the impact of platelet associated immunoglobulin G(PAIg G)/platelet associated immunoglobulin M(PAIg M) on severity of dengue virus infection leading to thrombocytopenia.Methods: In this study we examined a total of 52 patients who were having secondary infection of dengue in acute phase by using competitive ELISA.Results: A decrease in the platelet count was observed at the acute phase of infection while all along the recovery stage the count of platelet was significantly increased. A significant decrease was observed in PAIg G and PAIg M in these subjects. Inverse correlation was found between platelets count and PAIg G/PAIg M among the subjects studied. In the platelets elution from ten subjects, anti-dengue virus immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M were observed. PAIg G and PAIg M with inclined levels were higher in dengue hemorrhagic fever than the classical dengue fever. In the development of dengue hemorrhagic fever PAIg M inclined level was independently associated with high specificity, showing a possible indication of dengue hemorrhagic fever.Conclusions: This study suggests that in secondary dengue virus infection, the PAIg G and PAIg M levels, and the activity of anti-dengue virus play key roles, both in the development and severity of the disease.

Prevalence and resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated at Hyatabad Medical Complex,Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,Pakistan

Objective:To assess the resistance against widely used antibiotics in case of Acinetobacter baumannii(A.baumannii)infection.Methods:A total of 350 samples of pus,urine,swab and others from different patients were examined and the bacterial growth appeared in 50 samples.Each sample was inoculated on blood,MacConkey and cystine lactose electrolyte deficient agar.The antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the isolates was determined using agar plate method/disk-diffusion method(modified-Kirby Baur disc diffusion method).Results:In current study,a large number of isolates of A.baumannii obtained from different specimens were resistant to avelox(56%),followed by tygacil(46%),augmentin(46%),cefspan(38%),cefixime(24%)and ampicillin(20%).However,the antibiogram of A.baumannii also showed that most of the isolates(88%)were highly sensitive to cefalexin.Second maximum sensitivity of A.baumannii was seen to amikacin(84%).The sensitivity of isolates against amikacin was followed by ticarcillin(80%).Meronem was found highly active against the tested isolates(78%).Sensitivity was observed for tienem(76%),sulzone(72%)followed by azactam(68%),cefobid(66%)to cefotaxime(66%)and ciproxin(62%).Conclusions:Results elucidate that A.baumannii is a severe problem as it has become a highly resistant species in hospitalized patients and resistant A.baumannii infection turned out to have increased all-cause mortality.