The molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of endophytic fungal species from the leaves of Vitex negundo L.

Enormous fungal species live within the healthy plant tissues,some of which presumably occur in a symbiotic association with host.Some fungal endophytes are widespread and can be found in many different plant species,whereas others are highly specific to single hosts.In this study,we isolated three endophytic fungi from the medicinal plant Vitex negundo.They were identified based on morphological characteristics such as size,shape,and colour of the spore and it was reinforced by 18s rRNA gene sequence analysis.The phylogenetic tree showed that C.gloeosporioides VN1 and Pestalotiopsis virgatula VN2 were closely relationship between.But they were not closely relationship between the other endophytic fungal species that were obtained from geographically different part of the world.This aspect can be further explored to understand the relationships between plant hosts and their fungal endophyte.

Endophytic Mycodiversity of Sacred Tree-Couroupita guianensis Aubl.

In the present study,a total of 142 fungal strains were isolated from 180 samples of the leaf,stem and bark tissues of sacred tree Couroupita guianensis from an unusual semi-arid tropical region.The tissues of the samples were grown in potato dextrose agar(PDA)medium and the endophytic mycoflora were identified based on the morphological characteristics.Among all the strains,130 were fertile,which belong to 11 species and 12 sterile morpho species.The relative frequency of isolated individual endophytic fungal group consists of hyphomycetes(41.5%),coelomycetes(32.4%),ascomycetes(13.4%),zygomycetes(4.2%)and sterile fungi(8.5%).Among the fungal isolates,Scytalidium acidophilum and Mycosphaerella sp.were recorded as the most dominant fungal isolates in the leaf tissues,Cladosporium cladosporioides and Colletotrichum falcatum were observed as the dominant endophytic fungal isolates in the stem tissues and Botryodiplodia theobromae was found to be predominant species in bark tissues of C.guianensis.The species of Colletotrichum were found only in stem tissues.Therefore,the endophytic mycodiversity were high and abundant and they were distinctly associated with host plant.All statistical analyses confirmed that leaf tissues contained more endophytes than the stem and bark while Colletotrichum exhibited organ specificity.The present study revealed that the sacred tree C.guianensis is one of the ecological niches for sheltering endophytic mycoflora eventhough in harsh climatic conditions.

Diversity of endophytic fungi from the ornamental plant-Adenium obesum

Endophytic fungi live internally in apparently healthy and asymptomatic hosts.They are ubiquitous;no study has yet shown the existence of a plant species without endophytes.High species diversity is another characteristic of endophytic mycota.It is quite common for endophyte surveys to find assemblages consisting of more than 30species per host plant species.In the present study,179 isolates were obtained from leaf,stem,and tissues of Adenium obesum collected from Virudhunagar,India.The endophytic fungi were identified based on the colony morphology and sporulating structures.Aspergillus sp.(28.5%),Aspergilus breviceps(30%),Colletotrichum gloeosporioides(23%)and Scorpulariopsis brevicalis(17%)were the most dominant species.The colonization frequency was higher in the winter season.Phyllosticta hymanaeae was isolated from leaf tissues during the summer and winter season.Aspergillus was the predominant genus isolated from all of leaf,stem and bark tissues of Adenium obesum.