Notes for genera:Ascomycota

Knowledge of the relationships and thus the classification of fungi,has developed rapidly with increasingly widespread use of molecular techniques,over the past 10–15 years,and continues to accelerate.Several genera have been found to be polyphyletic,and their generic concepts have subsequently been emended.New names have thus been introduced for species which are phylogenetically distinct from the type species of particular genera.The ending of the separate naming of morphs of the same species in 2011,has also caused changes in fungal generic names.In order to facilitate access to all important changes,it was desirable to compile these in a single document.The present article provides a list of generic names of Ascomycota(approximately 6500 accepted names published to the end of 2016),including those which are lichen-forming.Notes and summaries of the changes since the last edition of‘Ainsworth&Bisby’s Dictionary of the Fungi’in 2008 are provided.The notes include the number of accepted species,classification,type species(with location of the type material),culture availability,life-styles,distribution,and selected publications that have appeared since 2008.This work is intended to provide the foundation for updating the ascomycete component of the"Without prejudice list of generic names of Fungi"published in 2013,which will be developed into a list of protected generic names.This will be subjected to the XIXth International Botanical Congress in Shenzhen in July 2017 agreeing to a modification in the rules relating to protected lists,and scrutiny by procedures determined by the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi(NCF).The previously invalidly published generic names Barriopsis,Collophora(as Collophorina),Cryomyces,Dematiopleospora,Heterospora(as Heterosporicola),Lithophila,Palmomyces(as Palmaria)and Saxomyces are validated,as are two previously invalid family names,Bartaliniaceae and Wiesneriomycetaceae.Four species of Lalaria,which were invalidly published are transferred to Taphrina and validated as new combinations.Catenomycopsis Tibell&Constant.is reduced under Chaenothecopsis Vain.,while Dichomera Cooke is reduced under Botryosphaeria Ces.&De Not.(Art.59).

Notes for genera:basal clades of Fungi(including Aphelidiomycota,Basidiobolomycota,Blastocladiomycota,Calcarisporiellomycota,Caulochytriomycota,Chytridiomycota,Entomophthoromycota,Glomeromycota,Kickxellomycota,Monoblepharomycota,Mortierellomycota,Mucoromycota,Neocallimastigomycota,Olpidiomycota,Rozellomycota and Zoopagomycota)

Compared to the higher fungi(Dikarya),taxonomic and evolutionary studies on the basal clades of fungi are fewer in number.Thus,the generic boundaries and higher ranks in the basal clades of fungi are poorly known.Recent DNA based taxonomic studies have provided reliable and accurate information.It is therefore necessary to compile all available information since basal clades genera lack updated checklists or outlines.Recently,Tedersoo et al.(MycoKeys 13:1–20,2016)accepted Aphelidiomycota and Rozellomycota in Fungal clade.Thus,we regard both these phyla as members in Kingdom Fungi.We accept 16 phyla in basal clades viz.Aphelidiomycota,Basidiobolomycota,Blastocladiomycota,Calcarisporiellomycota,Caulochytriomycota,Chytridiomycota,Entomophthoromycota,Glomeromycota,Kickxellomy-cota,Monoblepharomycota,Mortierellomycota,Mucoromycota,Neocallimastigomycota,Olpidiomycota,Rozellomycota and Zoopagomycota.Thus,611 genera in 153 families,43 orders and 18 classes are provided with details of classification,synonyms,life modes,distribution,recent literature and genomic data.Moreover,Catenariaceae Couch is proposed to be conserved,Cladochytriales Mozl.-Standr.is emended and the family Nephridiophagaceae is introduced.