A Case of Giant Mediastinal Liposarcoma of Thymic Origin: A Rare Clinical Entity

Thymoliposarcoma is an exceedingly rare tumor of thymus with a very few cases reported till date. This case study presents a 45-year male with rare type of thymoma. On the contrast-enhanced CT images, there was a large mass lesion of predominantly fat attenuation in the pre-vascular compartment of the mediastinum insinuating on both sides of the visceral compartment of the mediastinum, and extending upto the bilateral cardio phrenic and anterior costophrenic angles, anterior to the right ventricle with loss of fat plane with the pericardium, with few sub-centimetric lymph nodes in the right paratracheal and AP window and a calcified right hilar lymph node, suggestive of well-differentiated liposarcoma/thymoliposarcoma. Initial CT guided tru-cut tissue biopsy was inconclusive, and the repeat biopsy revealed as fibro-collagenous tissue with area of necrosis, focal myxoid changes in the background with presence of cells which are spindle to oval in shape with mild nuclear pleomorphism and negative for S100, Cytokeratin, CD34, desmin. The entire tumor was resected en masse after meticulous dissection without the support of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with an intact pericardium. Final histopathology report of the surgical biopsy specimens is consistent with dedifferentiated thymoliposarcoma with focal ganglionic cell differentiation. Postoperative follow-up CECT of thorax revealed no evidence of residual mass in the pre-vascular compartment. The patient is disease-free and asymptomatic after 6-month and he is under routine follow-up under Radiotherapy department since he received 30 Gy of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT).

Gold Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Effect on Viability of Human Non-Small Lung Cancer Cells

Gold nanoparticles recently showed great interest for many uses including food, drug and medical applications. The algae Undaria sp. well known as wakame in South Asia are considered to be large edible brown algae. It provides nutritious source of dietary fiber, vitamin Bs and mineral. The present study aimed to investigate the use of Undaria sp. for green synthesis of metallic gold nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized for physicochemical properties including size measurement and tested in vitro for their effect on viability of human non-small lung cancer H-460 cell line using the MTT assay. From the results, brown algae were able to chemically form nanoparticles with chloroauric acid solution possibly due to the sulphated polysaccharides found in algae. The particle sizes were found to be approximately 10 nm. The gold nanoparticles stabilized by the algae could decrease the cancer cell viability. However, the properties and biological activity of nanoparticles seemed to depend upon reaction time and temperature. Conclusively, gold nanoparticles synthesized and stabilized by the algae could decrease the cancer cell viability, thus indicating the potential of such nanoparticles for further study for anticancer activity.

Effects of structural modification of anti-inflammatory steroidal antedrug on pro-inflammatory mediators and inhibitory cytokines in human alveolar epithelial cells

The anti-inflammatory effects of the new ster-oidal antedrug, 21-acetyloxy-9α-fluoro-11β-hy-droxyl-3, 20-dioxo-1, 4-pregnadieno-[16α, 17α-d] isoxazoline (FP-ISO-21AC), on nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin 8 (IL-8) production, were inves-tigated together with its parent steroid predni-solone (PRED). PRED is one of the anti-in-flammatory steroids but has systemic side ef-fects which limit the use of it. PRED was modi-fied with ‘antedrug concept’ to create safer drugs that attack problems such as inflamma-tion, then quickly become inactive before they can cause systemic side effect. We had a test about the effect of the modified anti-inflamma-tory steroidal antedrug on anti-inflammatory activity. The present study evaluated their ability to inhibit cytokine-induced NO and IL-8 produc-tion in human alveolar epithelial cells. We also investigated their ability to enhance the expres-sion of inhibitory cytokine receptor, interleukin 22 receptor (IL-22R) in human alveolar epithelial cells. Our results showed that FP-ISO-21AC sh- owed higher ability to inhibit the cytokine - in-duced production of NO than PRED. Exogenous IL-22 was added to the media of both human alveolar epithelial cells (A549) and human lung fibroblast (HLF-1). In the presence of the ex-ogenous inhibitory cytokine IL-22, further re-duction of NO production was observed in A549 cells, which express IL-22R, but not in HLF1, which does not express IL-22R. These data suggested that the steroidal antedrugs en-hanced the expression of IL-22R. FP-ISO- 21AC showed higher potency than PRED to restore the expression of IL-22R. FP-ISO-21AC further reduced NO production to 27% and PRED further reduced NO production to 39%. In con-clusion, a synthesized steroidal antedrug FP- ISO-21AC showed higher anti-inflammatory ef-fects than PRED by inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory mediator NO and stimulating the expression of IL-22R.

A rare fatal case of rabies coexisting with COVID-19

Rabies is a zoonotic disease that affects the central nervous system(CNS)of humans with an extremely high mortality rate.This disease is transmitted to humans through the bite of rabid animals,usually dogs.Post-exposure prophylaxis(PEP)is recommended for all rabid animal bites.If delayed or missed there is a very high chance of developing the disease which is almost always fatal.About 55000 human rabies-related deaths are reported due to delayed or deferred rabies PEP in the world annually[1].The public usually ignores earlier indicators of rabies and is unwilling to consult a doctor,to avoid contracting COVID-19 during hospital visit[2].We present a case of human rabies infection due to non-compliant PEP amid the COVID-19 pandemic following a rabid dog bite.

Smartphone dependency and its impact on academics among medical and nursing students: A cross-sectional study

Objective:This study aimed to assess smartphone dependency and its impact on academics among medical and nursing students.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional study was carried out on Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery(MBBS)and Bachelor of Science in Nursing(BScN)students in a medical teaching institute.The Smartphone Dependency Scale and self-structured questionnaire on impact of smartphone on academics were used to assess smartphone dependency and its impact on academics.A total of 436 students were selected using the total enumerative sampling technique.Data were analyzed using the descriptive(frequency,percentage,mean,and standard deviation)and inferential(t-test,Chi-square test)statistics.Results:The mean age of students was 20.6±1.29 years,81%were females,and the mean body mass index score was 21.59±3.41 kg/m2.The mean impact on academics and smartphone dependency scores was 19.92±7.01 and 48.58±11.46,respectively.The impact on academics had a significant association with student category(P<0.001)and gender(P<0.001).A significant association was found between the impact on academics(P=0.003)and smartphone dependency(P=0.05)with studying class.Conclusion:The use of smartphones is more among medical students.Students studying in the first and second years are found to be more dependent on smartphone,which caused a serious impact on their academics.Smart appliances have become mandatory in this era of technology,and it is not possible to stop its usage but negative impact of smartphones on students’academic performance needs to be addressed.Therefore,it is mandatory to organize educational seminars and workshops to promote the appropriate use of smartphones.

Job satisfaction and organizational commitment among nurses working on temporary versus permanent jobs at a tertiary care teaching hospital,Uttarakhand,India

Objective:The objective of this study was to assess and compare job satisfaction and organizational commitment among nurses working on temporary versus permanent basis at a tertiary care teaching hospital,Uttarakhand,India.Materials and Methods:A total of 250 nurses(125 temporary and 125 permanent)were selected using stratified disproportionate random sampling techniques from a tertiary care teaching hospital.Sociodemographic datasheet,Job Satisfaction Survey scale,and Organizational Commitment scale were used to collect data.Results:The study results revealed that the job satisfaction score was significantly higher in permanent nurses(139.1±15.4)than in temporary nurses(131.3±12.2)(P<0.001).However,temporary nurses(85.2±14.4)were more committed toward organization than permanent nurses(80.0±16.0)(P<0.001).There was a significant association between nurses’job satisfaction and their gross salary(P<0.001)and their organizational commitment with the selected profession by own will(P<0.001).Conclusion:The present study concluded that majority of temporary and permanent nurses reported a moderate level of job satisfaction and organizational commitment.This study suggests enhancing employee satisfaction can improve organizational commitment.As well,this study’s findings can serve as a valuable foundation for designing policies to enhance organizational commitment in the future.

Enhanced apoptosis and electrostatic acetylcholi-nesterase activity of abnormally hydrophobic envi-ronment in alzheimer’s plaques

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is considered a slow neuronal dysfunction process through hypoxia, ischemia and leads to apoptosis mediated senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Due to non-invasive approach of plaque characterization, computational techniques based on Brownian dynamics simulation are unique to speculate the electrostatic and kinetic properties of Acetylcho-linesterase (AChE). Typically the MRI spectros-copy high choline peak and enzyme specific to Alzheimer’s Disease (specificity constant (kcat/Km) of AChE) appeared associated with apoptosis and hypoxia. A simple display between synergy of cytokines, apoptosis, elevated AChE and choline is postulated as initial events. The events may be distributed heterogeneously within the senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). The role of decreased brain AChE and synergy was associated with specific Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic (MRS) pattern profiles in AD. These findings suggest that that the altered AChE and early apoptosis events in AD may be associated with specific MR spectral peak patterns. This study opens the possibility of reduced AChE levels causing high choline and reduced N-acetyl ace-tate (NAA) neurotransmitter by MRS after initial apoptosis and/or inflammation to make amyloid plaques in the cerebral tissue of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. These results can be useful in clinical trials on AD lesions.

Contrast enhancement methods in sodium MR imaging: a new emerging technique

Background: In the last decade, sodium mag-netic resonance imaging was investigated for its potential as a functional cardiac imaging tool for ischemia. Later interest was developed in contrast enhancement for intracellular sodium. Little success was reported to suppress extracellular sodium resulting in the intracellular sodium MRI image acquisition using quantum filters or sodium transition states as contrast properties. Now its clinical application is ex-panding as a new challenge in brain and other cancer tumors. Contrast enhancement: We highlight the physical principles of sodium MRI in three different pulse sequences using filters (single quantum, multiple quantum, and triple quantum) meant for sodium contrast enhancement. The optimization of scan parameters, i.e. times of echo delay (TE), inversion recovery (TI) periods, and utility of Dysprosium (DyPPP) shift contrast agents, enhances contrast in sodium MRI images. Inversion recovery pulse sequence without any shift reagent measures the intracellular sodium concentration to evaluate ischemia, apoptosis and membrane integrity. Membrane integrity loss, apoptosis and malignancy are results of growth factor loss and poor epithelial capability related with MRI visible intracellular sodium concentration. Applications and limitations: The sodium MR imaging technical advances reduced scan time to distinguish intracellular and extracellular sodium signals in malignant tumors by use of quantum filter techniques to generate 3D sodium images without shift regents. We observed the association of malignancy with increased TSC, and reduced apoptosis and epithelial growth factor in breast cancer cells. The validity is still in question. Conclusion: Different modified sodium MRI pulse sequences are research tools of sodium contrast enhancement in brain, cardiac and tumor imaging. The optimized MRI scan pa-rameters in quantum filter techniques generate contrast in intracellular sodium MR images without using invasive contrast shift agents. Still, validity and clinical utility are in

Temperature and Magnetic Resonance Characteristics of Zinc, Manganese, Gadolinium, Gold, Iron Magnetic Nanoparticles and Cytokine Synergy in Hyperthermia

The temperature and magnetic moment depend-ence for assessing localized heating utilizing a new class of Manganese-Zinc-Gadolinium mag-netic nanoparticles was studied. These particles showed heating effect when subjected to alter-nating filed. Alternatively, a new approach was used to get disperse heating without spot heating by using the synthesis of particles at controlled Curie temperature of less than 44oC. The study reports a simple synthesis of Mn0.5Zn0.5GdxFe(2-x)O4 nanoparticles using chemical co- precipita-tion technique. The particles exhibited Curie temperature of 42篊 and high magnitude of mag-netic moments. The particles showed sigmoid behavior of dependence between temperature and magnetic moments. The Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy showed T1 depend-ence on temperature in the range of 10-45篊. The particles may have high promise for self con-trolled magnetic hyperthermia application and its monitoring.

Proteomic signatures of infertile men with clinical varicocele and their validation studies reveal mitochondrial dysfunction leading to infertility

由他们表示的水平的比较 proteomics 和确认与精索静脉曲张在不肥沃的人在精子蛋白质的分发学习主要差别。为每精索静脉曲张结果的学习特定的估计被联合识别不管他们的临床的精索静脉曲张的舞台和对一个侧面的偏重，在人涉及联系精索静脉曲张的不孕的蛋白质。5 关键蛋白质(PKAR1A， AK7， CCT6B， HSPA2，和 ODF2 ) 的表达式层次在压力反应包含了，包括分子的女伴的精子功能被西方的弄污验证。99 蛋白质是在精索静脉曲张组表示的差别。涉及主要精力新陈代谢和关键精子功能的超过 87% DEP 是在精索静脉曲张组的 underexpressed。在精索静脉曲张组影响的关键蛋白质功能是精子发生，精子活动性，和 mitochondrial 机能障碍，它被西方的弄污进一步验证，支持 proteomics 分析。精索静脉曲张是实质上由于损害的血供应的精力剥夺，组织缺氧，和过高热的一个状态，它被类脂化合物新陈代谢， mitochondrial 电子运输链，和克雷布斯周期的下面规定支持酶。支持 proteomic 分析，兴趣的 5 识别蛋白质的表示被西方的弄污验证。这研究向建立 biomarker &#x0201c 作出贡献； fingerprint&#x0201d；根据分子的参数估计精子质量。

Critical evaluation of two models of flow cytometers for the assessment of sperm DNA fragmentation:an appeal for performance verification

Lack of standardized,reproducible protocols and referencO values is among the challenges faced when using new or upgraded versions of instruments in reproductive laboratories and flow cytometry.Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL)assay combined with flow cytometry routinely used for diagnostic measurement of sperm DNA fragmentation(SDF)is a unique example.Any change in the setting of the standard instrument,including upgrades of hardware or software,can lead to different results and may affect clinicians'decision for treatment.Therefore,we compared TUNEL results of SDF obtained from a standard(C6)flow cytometer with a newer version of the same instrument(C6 Plus)and examined the cutoff,sensitivity,and specificity without calibration(adjustment)and after adjustment.Identical sperm preparation and matched acquisition settings were used to examine the performance of two flow cytometers.The strength of agreement of the results between the two observers was also assessed.After adjustment of the settings,overall concordance became high and the two cytometers showed 100%positive and negative predictive value with 100%area under the curve.The overall correlation coefficient observed between C6 and C6 Plus was highly significant(P<0.0001;r=0.992;95%confidence interval[Cl]:0.982-0.997).After adjustment,the two cytometers showed very high precisi on of 98%and accuracy of>99%.The in terobserver agreeme nt on C6 flow cytometer for the two observers was 0.801±0.062 and 0.746±0.044 for C6 Plus.We demonstrated a strong agreement between the samples tested on the two flow cytometers after calibration and established the robustness of both instruments.

Reduced semen quality in patients with testicular cancer seminoma is associated with alterations in the expression of sperm proteins

Testicular cancer seminoma is one of the most common types of cancer among men of reproductive age.Patients with this condition usually present reduced semen quality,even before initiating cancer therapy.However,the underlying mechanisms by which testicular cancer seminoma affects male fertility are largely unknown.The aim of this study was to investigate alterations in the sperm proteome of men with seminoma undergoing sperm banking before starting cancer therapy,in comparison to healthy proven fertile men(control group).A routine semen analysis was conducted before cryopreservation of the samples(n=15 per group).Men with seminoma showed a decrease in sperm motility(P=0.019),total motile count(P=0.001),concentration(P=0.003),and total sperm count(P=0.001).Quantitative proteomic analysis identified 393 differentially expressed proteins between the study groups.Ten proteins involved in spermatogenesis,sperm function,binding of sperm to the oocyte,and fertilization were selected for validation by western blot.We confirmed the underexpression of heat shock-related 70 kDa protein 2(P=0.041),ubiquinol-cytochrome C reductase core protein 2(P=0.026),and testis-specific sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4(P=0.016),as well as the overexpression of angiotensin I converting enzyme(P=0.005)in the seminoma group.The altered expression levels of these proteins are associated with spermatogenesis dysfunction,reduced sperm kinematics and motility,failure in capacitation and fertilization.The findings of this study may explain the decrease in the fertilizing ability of men with seminoma before starting cancer therapy.

Proteomic analysis of mature and immature ejaculated spermatozoa from fertile men

不正常的精子成熟在不肥沃的人是为在精子活动性和形态学的减少的主要原因。从健康的肥沃的人的呼喊的精子用三层的密度坡度被分开成四部分。蛋白质被提取，乐队们在一个 LTQ-Orbitrap 精英混合集体分光计系统上被消化。蛋白质的功能的注解用生物信息学工具和小径数据库被获得。西方的弄污被执行验证兴趣的蛋白质的表示层次。1469 蛋白质在精子的四部分被识别。检测蛋白质的数字根据精子的成熟水平减少了。在精子成熟，涉及配偶子产生的蛋白质，房间活动性，精力新陈代谢和氧化 phosphorylation 期间，进程显示出涉及蛋白质生合成，蛋白质运输，蛋白质 ubiquitination，和对进程显示出的氧化应力的反应的增加的表达式层次和那些减少的表达式层次。我们验证了四蛋白质(HSP 70 1A， clusterin， tektin 2 并且 tektin 3 ) 由西方的弄污。学习显示出可以在可以在不肥沃的人被改变或修改的精子成熟的不同阶段提供卓见进呼喊的精子蛋白质的蛋白质标记。

Spermatozoa protein alterations in infertile men with bilateral varicocele

在不肥沃的人之中，单方的精索静脉曲张的诊断在 90% 精索静脉曲张盒子中被做并且在留下的精索静脉曲张盒子中双边。然而，有在不肥沃的人和那之中的双边的精索静脉曲张的在诊断下面的报告它的流行比 10% 大。在这未来的研究，我们试图检验表示蛋白质(DEP ) 与双边的精索静脉曲张和肥沃的施主从病人的精子房间提取了的差别。题目作为健康控制由与双边的精索静脉曲张诊断的 17 个人和 10 个证明的肥沃的人组成了。用 LTQ-orbitrap 精英混血儿团 spectrometry 系统， proteomic 分析与双边的精索静脉曲张和 5 个肥沃的人从 3 个病人在分享的样品上被做。从这些样品， 73 DEP 58 蛋白质哪个是表示的差别被识别，与对双边的精索静脉曲张组唯一的 7 蛋白质和到肥沃的控制组的 8 蛋白质。DEP 的多数被观察与新陈代谢的过程，压力回答， oxidoreductase 活动，酶规定，和免疫系统过程被联系。七 DEP 涉及象 capacitation，活动性，和精子带绑定那样的精子功能。蛋白质 TEKT3 和 TCP11 被西方的污点分析验证并且可以为双边的精索静脉曲张用作潜在的 biomarkers。在这研究，我们第一次表明了 DEP 的存在并且与与双边的精索静脉曲张在不肥沃的人被改变的不同繁殖功能识别了蛋白质。介绍的功能的 proteomic 提供卓见进双边的联系精索静脉曲张的男不孕的机械学的含意。

Proteomic analysis reveals dysregulated cell sign aling in ejaculated spermatozoa from in fertile men

Dysfunctional sperm maturation is the primary reason for the poor sperm motility and morphology in infertile men.Spermatozoa from infertile men were fractioned on three-layer density gradient(80%,60%,and 40%).Fraction 1(Fl)refers to the least mature stage having the lowest den sity,whereas the fraction 4(F4)in eludes the most dense and morphologically mature motile spermatozoa.Fraction 2(F2)and fraction 3(F3)represent the intermediate stages.Proteins were extracted and separated by dimensional gel.Bands were digested with trypsin and analyzed on a LTQ-Orbitrap Elite hybrid mass spectrometer system.Functional annotations of proteins were obtained using bioinformatics tools and pathway databases.A total of 1585 proteins were detected in the four fractions of spermatozoa.A dysregulated protein turnover and protein folding may lead to accumulation of defective proteins or proteins that otherwise would have been eliminated during the process of maturation,resulting in the impairment of sperm fun ction.Aberra nt chaper one expressi on may be a major con tributing factor to the defective sperm function.Androge n receptor was predicted as a transcription regulator in one of the networks and the affected pathways were chaperone-mediated stress response,proteosomal pathway,and sperm function.The down regulation of key pathways and protei ns which compromises the fertilizi ng potential of spermatozoa may provide in sight into the mecha nisms that lead to male infertility.