The micaceous weathered granitic soil(WGS)is frequently encountered in civil engineering worldwide,unfortunately little information is available regarding how mica affects the physico-mechanical behaviors of WGS.This ...The micaceous weathered granitic soil(WGS)is frequently encountered in civil engineering worldwide,unfortunately little information is available regarding how mica affects the physico-mechanical behaviors of WGS.This study prepares reconstituted WGS with different mica contents by removing natural mica in theWGS,and then mixes it with commercial mica powders.The geotechnical behavior as well as the microstructures of the mixtures are characterized.The addition of mica enables the physical indices of WGS to be specific combinations of coarser gradation and high permeability but high Atterberg limits.However,high mica content in WGS was found to be associated with undesirable mechanical properties,including increased compressibility,disintegration,and swelling potential,as well as poor compactability and low effective frictional angle.Microstructural analysis indicates that the influence of mica on the responses of mixtures originates from the intrinsic nature of mica as well as the particle packing being formed withinWGS.Mica exists in the mixture as stacks of plates that form a spongy structure with high compressibility and swelling potential.Pores among the plates give the soil high water retention and high Atterberg limits.Large pores are also generated by soil particles with bridging packing,which enhances the permeability and water-soil interactions upon immersion.This study provides a microlevel understanding of how mica dominates the behavior of WGS and provides new insights into the effective stabilization and improvement of micaceous soils.展开更多
Because of the cementation inherited from the parent rock,weathered granitic soil is usually susceptible to disturbance,which poses considerable challenges for laboratory characterization.The cone penetration test wit...Because of the cementation inherited from the parent rock,weathered granitic soil is usually susceptible to disturbance,which poses considerable challenges for laboratory characterization.The cone penetration test with pore pressure measurements has long been known for its reliability in site investigations and stratigraphic profiling.However,although extensive piezocone test results and experience are available for sedimentary soil,similar advances are yet to be made for weathered granitic soil.Moreover,the experience from sedimentary soil may not be directly applicable to weathered profiles because of the essentially different natures of the two types of geomaterials.This study performs seismic piezocone tests in a weathered granitic profile comprising residual granitic soil,completely weathered granite,and highly weathered granite.Pore pressure is measured at both the cone mid-face and the shoulder,and the effects of penetrometer size and penetration rate are considered.A series of updated soil behavior type charts is proposed to interpret the test results,thereby allowing the effect of weathering to be evaluated.This paper offers an important extension to the sparse data on the in situ responses of weathered materials.展开更多
Excitons have significant impacts on the properties of semiconductors.They exhibit significantly different properties when a direct semiconductor turns in to an indirect one by doping.Huybrecht variational method is a...Excitons have significant impacts on the properties of semiconductors.They exhibit significantly different properties when a direct semiconductor turns in to an indirect one by doping.Huybrecht variational method is also found to influence the study of exciton ground state energy and ground state binding energy in Al_(x)Ga_(1−x)As semiconductor spherical quantum dots.The Al_(x)Ga_(1−x)As is considered to be a direct semiconductor at AI concentration below 0.45,and an indirect one at the concentration above 0.45.With regards to the former,the ground state binding energy increases and decreases with AI concentration and eigenfrequency,respectively;however,while the ground state energy increases with AI concentration,it is marginally influenced by eigenfrequency.On the other hand,considering the latter,while the ground state binding energy increases with AI concentration,it decreases with eigenfrequency;nevertheless,the ground state energy increases both with AI concentration and eigenfrequency.Hence,for the better practical performance of the semiconductors,the properties of the excitons are suggested to vary by adjusting AI concentration and eigenfrequency.展开更多
BACKGROUND According to the latest report,colorectal cancer is still one of the most prevalent cancers,with the third highest incidence and mortality worldwide.Treatment of advanced rectal cancer with distant metastas...BACKGROUND According to the latest report,colorectal cancer is still one of the most prevalent cancers,with the third highest incidence and mortality worldwide.Treatment of advanced rectal cancer with distant metastases is usually unsatisfactory,especially for mismatch repair proficient(pMMR)rectal cancer,which leads to poor prognosis and recurrence.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of a pMMR rectal adenocarcinoma with metastases of multiple lymph nodes,including the left supraclavicular lymph node,before treatment in a 70-year-old man.He received full courses of chemoradiotherapy(CRT)followed by 4 cycles of programmed death 1 inhibitor Tislelizumab,and a pathologic complete response(pCR)was achieved,and the lesion of the left supraclavicular lymph node also disappeared.CONCLUSION pMMR advanced rectal cancer with preserved intact distant metastatic lymph nodes may benefit from full-course CRT combined with immunotherapy.展开更多
Due to seasonal climate alterations,the microstructure and permeability of granite residual soil are easily affected by multiple dry-wet cycles.The X-ray micro computed tomography(micro-CT)acted as a nondestructive to...Due to seasonal climate alterations,the microstructure and permeability of granite residual soil are easily affected by multiple dry-wet cycles.The X-ray micro computed tomography(micro-CT)acted as a nondestructive tool for characterizing the microstructure of soil samples exposed to a range of damage levels induced by dry-wet cycles.Subsequently,the variations of pore distribution and permeability due to drywet cycling effects were revealed based on three-dimensional(3D)pore distribution analysis and seepage simulations.According to the results,granite residual soils could be separated into four different components,namely,pores,clay,quartz,and hematite,from micro-CT images.The reconstructed 3D pore models dynamically demonstrated the expanding and connecting patterns of pore structures during drywet cycles.The values of porosity and connectivity are positively correlated with the number of dry-wet cycles,which were expressed by exponential and linear functions,respectively.The pore volume probability distribution curves of granite residual soil coincide with the χ^(2)distribution curve,which verifies the effectiveness of the assumption of χ^(2)distribution probability.The pore volume distribution curves suggest that the pores in soils were divided into four types based on their volumes,i.e.micropores,mesopores,macropores,and cracks.From a quantitative and visual perspective,considerable small pores are gradually transformed into cracks with a large volume and a high connectivity.Under the action of dry-wet cycles,the number of seepage flow streamlines which contribute to water permeation in seepage simulation increases distinctly,as well as the permeability and hydraulic conductivity.The calculated hydraulic conductivity is comparable with measured ones with an acceptable error margin in general,verifying the accuracy of seepage simulations based on micro-CT results.展开更多
The evolution of shear bands and cracks plays an important role in landslides.However,there is no systematic method for classification of the cracks,which can be used to analyze the evolution of cracks in shear bands....The evolution of shear bands and cracks plays an important role in landslides.However,there is no systematic method for classification of the cracks,which can be used to analyze the evolution of cracks in shear bands.In this study,X-ray computed tomography(CT)is used to observe the behavior of granite residual soil during a triaxial shear process.Based on the digital volume correlation(DVC)method,a crack classification method is established according to the connectivity characteristics of cracks before and after loading.Cracks are then divided into six classes:obsolete,brand-new,isolated,split,combined,and compound.With evolution of the shear bands,a large number of brand-new cracks accelerate the damages of materials at the mesoscale,resulting in a sharp decrease in strength.The volume of brandnew cracks increases rapidly with increasing axial strain,and their volume is greater than 50%when the strain reaches 12%,while the volume of compound cracks decreases from 54%to 21%.As cracks are the weakest areas in a material,brand-new cracks accelerate the development of shear bands.Finally,the coupling effect of shear bands and cracks destroys the soil strength.展开更多
Objective Penile vascular anomalies(PVAs)or hemangioma can arouse patient concern about aesthetics and cause symptoms like bleeding and sexual dysfunction.However,its low incidence and the deficiency of large-volume s...Objective Penile vascular anomalies(PVAs)or hemangioma can arouse patient concern about aesthetics and cause symptoms like bleeding and sexual dysfunction.However,its low incidence and the deficiency of large-volume studies hinder urologists from making informed decisions.This study aimed to investigate the clinical features and treatment experience of PVAs at the Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital,Beijing,China.Furthermore,by systematically analysis of studies on PVAs in Chinese people,we aimed to provide novel insights on the management of this condition.Methods We retrospectively investigated clinical features and pathology of surgery-treated PVAs at our center.Moreover,by systemically reviewing the literature from PubMed and the three largest medical databases(China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wan Fang,and Chinese Medical Journal Database)in China,we analyzed the clinical features and various therapies of PVAs in Chinese people.Results Between March 1,2018 and March 1,2023,a total of 356 cases with vascular anomalies were treated with surgery at out center.Only seven(2.0%)cases had lesions involving the perineum and external genitalia.All the seven cases were pathologically benign and demonstrated no recurrence over a follow-up period of 1-52 months(median 14 months).A total of 410 cases from 44 studies were selected in the cumulative analysis.Most patients(92.4%)diagnosed with PVAs were asymptomatic,and 68.8%of the patients were treated with sclerotherapy.As to the pathology,57.1%were venous malformation.Conclusion The most common PVA is venous malformation and the majority of patients are asymptomatic.Sclerotherapy and laser have emerged as viable options for treating small lesions.Surgery still has its role in treating large lesions and obtaining pathology.Although PVAs often relapse or demand multiple treatments,the prognosis is favorable.展开更多
Objective:To use Cite Space and VOSviewer to investigate the scientific production in the field of symptom clusters in cancer research.Methods:The search was performed using the terms“symptom clusters,”“cancer,”an...Objective:To use Cite Space and VOSviewer to investigate the scientific production in the field of symptom clusters in cancer research.Methods:The search was performed using the terms“symptom clusters,”“cancer,”and“oncology”on the Web of Science Core Collection database.The retrieval time was from 2001 to 2021,which covers the last 2 decades.Based on the production theory of scientific knowledge and the data mining of citations,data pertaining to the annual publications,journals,countries,organizations,authors,and keywords that produce symptom clusters in cancer research,as well as their cooperation(collaboration network),were extracted,and then both were clarified by the software tools VOSviewer(version 1.6.16)and Cite Space(version 6.1.R2).Results:A total of 1796 publications were retrieved between 2001 and 2021,and 473 relevant publications were included after screening.The results showed an increasing trend in published articles.The United States had the largest number of publications(261/473,55.18%),followed by China and Canada.The University of California,San Francisco,was the most productive institution.Current research hotspots included the analysis of symptom clusters and symptom management in patients with breast cancer and lung cancer,as well as any advanced cancer and cancer cachexia;fatigue-related symptom clusters and depression-anxiety symptom cluster;and the impacts of symptom clusters on quality of life.The research frontiers included analysis between health-related quality of life and symptom clusters,data mining in symptom clusters,research on the mental health status of cancer patients,and study of the mechanism and biological pathways of symptom clusters.Conclusions:The study provides insight into the global research perspective for the scientific progress on cancer symptom clusters,which suggests a growing scientific interest in this field,and more studies are warranted to guide symptom management.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastric adenosquamous carcinoma(ASC)is rare and characterized by coexisting of adenocarcinoma andsquamous carcinoma within the same tumor.We present a female patient with gastric ASC who had an elevated ser...BACKGROUND Gastric adenosquamous carcinoma(ASC)is rare and characterized by coexisting of adenocarcinoma andsquamous carcinoma within the same tumor.We present a female patient with gastric ASC who had an elevated serum level of alpha-fetopro-tein(AFP),which decreased to normal levels after a laparoscopic distant radical gastrectomy in a short period.The clinicopathological features in AFP-producing gastric cancer(GC)are discussed,as well as potentially available prognostic predi-ctors.CASE SUMMARY A 50-year-old woman presented to our department with a chief complain of a 6-mo history of bloating.She had no basic diseases including heart diseases and respiratory diseases,and she also denied any prior history of dysphagia,hematemesis,melena,rectal bleeding,hematochezia,or unintentional weight loss.Based on her symptoms,an esophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed,showing an annular cavity lesion 3 cm from the pylorus with a diameter of 6 cm.A biopsy of the lesion showed gastric ASC,whereas the pylorus biopsy showed normal mucosa.The patient further received an enhanced computed tomography scan which demonstrated an invasive lesion close to the pylorus with a still clear margin of the tumor to peripheral organs such as the pancreas and liver.Scattered lymph nodes were visible around,whereas no sign of liver metastasis was discovered.Serum tumor markers including carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),cancer antigen 199(CA199),CA724,CA125,and CA242 were all normal,while the level of serum AFP increased to 172 ng/mL.A laparoscopic distant radical gastrectomy was performed after exclusion of surgical contraindications.Postoperative pathology results showed that the tumor displayed an ulcerated ASC phenotype(90%of medium to highly-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma,10%of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma.Surprisingly,the serum level of AFP decreased to normal level on post operation day 5.The tumor cells were positive for CK5/6,p63,and CEA,and negative for AFP and Epstein-Barr encoding region.CONCLUSION We presented a rare case of gastric ASC with elevated serum AFP level,which may be new subtype of AFP-producing GC.Follow-up detection of serum AFP might be a useful tool to predict patient prognosis.展开更多
As a fundamental parameter of the optical crystals,birefringence plays a vital role in many optical applications,such as phase modulation,light splitting,and polarization,especially the phase matching process of the n...As a fundamental parameter of the optical crystals,birefringence plays a vital role in many optical applications,such as phase modulation,light splitting,and polarization,especially the phase matching process of the nonlinear optical crystals.The big birefringence not only benefits to the miniaturization of related devices,but also broadens the phase-matching wavelength range of nonlinear optical crystals.The design and synthesis of crystals with large birefringence becomes a hot research topic due to its more and more important applications in the optical modulation and laser technology fields.Herein,crystals with birefringence greater than 0.05 in the borate system are reviewed and classified according to different birefringent active groups,and the relationship between structure and properties is thoroughly explored.It is hoped that this review will provide a clear understanding of what kinds of building units and arrangements would have more opportunity to get adequate birefringence in borate systems and provide the statistical references to encourage the emergence of better crystal materials with large birefringence.展开更多
Cronkhite-Canada syndrome(CCS) is a rare but serious protein-losing enteropathy, but little is known about the mechanism. Further more, misdiagnosis is common due to non-familiarity of its clinical manifestation. A 40...Cronkhite-Canada syndrome(CCS) is a rare but serious protein-losing enteropathy, but little is known about the mechanism. Further more, misdiagnosis is common due to non-familiarity of its clinical manifestation. A 40-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital because of diarrhea and hypogeusia associated with weight loss for 4 mo. On physical examination, skin pigmentation, dystrophic nail changes and alopecia were noted. He had no alike family history. Laboratory results revealed low levels of serum albumin(30.1 g/L, range: 35.0-55.0 g/L), serum potassium(2.61 mmol/L, range: 3.5-5.5 mmol/L) and blood glucose(2.6 mmol/L, range: 3.9-6.1 mmol/L). The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was elevated to 17 mm/h(range: 0-15 mm/h). X-ray of chest and mandible was normal. The endoscopic examination showed multiple sessile polyps in the stomach, small bowel and colorectum. Histopathologic examination of biopsies obtained from those polyps showed hyperplastic change, cystic dilatation and distortion of glands with inflammatory infiltration, eosinophilic predominance and stromal edema. Immune staining for IgG 4 plasma cells was positive in polyps of stomach and colon. The patient was diagnosed of CCS and treated with steroid, he had a good response to steroid. Both histologic findings and treatment response to steroid suggested an autoimmune mechanism underling CCS.展开更多
A double-effect reactive distillation(DERD)process was proposed for the production of propylene glycol methyl ether from propylene oxide and methanol to overcome the shortcoming of low selectivity and high-energy cons...A double-effect reactive distillation(DERD)process was proposed for the production of propylene glycol methyl ether from propylene oxide and methanol to overcome the shortcoming of low selectivity and high-energy consumption in the tubular plug-flow reactor.A single-column reactive distillation(RD)process was conducted under optimized operating conditions based on sensitivity analysis as a reference.The results demonstrated that the proposed DERD process is able to achieve more than 95%selectivity of the desired product.After that,a design approach of the DERD process with an objective of the minimum operating cost was proposed to achieve further energy savings in the RD process.The proposed DERD configuration can provide a large energy-savings by totally utilization of the overhead vapor steam in the high-pressure RD column.A comparison of the single-column RD process revealed that the proposed DERD process can reduce the operating cost and the total annual cost of 25.3%and 30.7%,respectively,even though the total capital cost of DERD process is larger than that of the RD process.展开更多
In this paper,optical coherence tomography(OCT)and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)were used to characterize normal knee joint(NKJ)tissue and knee osteoarthritis(KOA)tissue ex vivo.OCT images show that there ...In this paper,optical coherence tomography(OCT)and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)were used to characterize normal knee joint(NKJ)tissue and knee osteoarthritis(KOA)tissue ex vivo.OCT images show that there is a clear hierarchical structure in NKJ tissue,including surface layer,transitional layer,radiation layer and cartilage matrix calcification layer tissue structure,while the hierarchical structure of KOA tissue is not clear and unevenly distributed,and the pathological tissues at different stages also show significant di®erences.SERS shows that NKJ tissue and mild osteoarthritic knee cartilage(MiKOA)tissue have strong characteristic Raman peaks at 964,1073(1086),1271,1305,1442,1660 and 1763 cm^(-1).Compared with the Raman spectrum of NKJ tissue,the Raman characteristic peaks of MiKOA tissue have some shifts,moving from 1073 cm^(-1)to 1086 cm^(-1)and from 1542 cm^(-1)to 1442 cm^(-1).There is a characteristic Raman peak of 1271 cm^(-1)in MiKOA tissue,but not in NKJ tissue.Compared with NKJ tissue,severely degenerated cartilage(SdKOA)tissues show some new SERS peaks at 1008,1245,1285,1311 and 1321 cm^(-1),which are not seen in SERS spectra of NKJ tissue.Principal component analysis(PCA)was used to analyze the Raman spectra of 1245–1345 cm^(-1)region.The results show that PCA can distinguish NKJ,MiKOA and SdKOA tissues and the accuracy is about 90%.These results indicate that OCT can clearly distinguish NKJ,MiKOA,moderate osteoarthritic knee cartilage(MoKOA)and SdKOA tissue,while SERS can provide further judgment basis.The results also prove that the contents of protein and polysaccharide in knee tissue are changed during the pathological process of knee tissue,which is the cause of pain caused by poor friction in knee joint during movement.展开更多
China's price fluctuations increasingly exhibit significant structural characteristics,and since 2003,there have been several rounds of significant structural price rise.The degree of structural rise in the prices...China's price fluctuations increasingly exhibit significant structural characteristics,and since 2003,there have been several rounds of significant structural price rise.The degree of structural rise in the prices of industrial and agricultural products in China is not only higher than in the general developed countries and developing countries,but also more prominent than in other transition economies.And the structural rise in the prices of Chinese industrial and agricultural products exhibits significant economic zone differences:the structural fluctuations are the greatest in the central and western regions,significantly higher than in the eastern regions as well as the national average.From the perspective of causes of structural rise in the prices of Chinese industrial and agricultural products,the government must aim to coordinate the industrial and agricultural investments and bridge the gap in the industrial and agricultural technologies and supply capacity.展开更多
Through comparing development trend electronic taxpayer services in OECD countries and analyzing its drawbacks,it gained beneficial experience of electronic taxpayer services.Then,it came up with policy recommendation...Through comparing development trend electronic taxpayer services in OECD countries and analyzing its drawbacks,it gained beneficial experience of electronic taxpayer services.Then,it came up with policy recommendations for China.It is recommended that China should raise the electronic taxpayer services to national strategy level,improve the efficiency of electronic taxpayer services in line with the taxpayercentered principle,develop ways of electronic taxpayer services with Chinese characteristics,increase convenience for taxpayers on the precondition of guaranteeing information security,make effort to reduce compliance costs of taxpayers,and promote popularization of electronic taxpayer services with the framework of laws.展开更多
In this study,90 surface water samples were collected from Shandong Province(SDP)in the dry and wet seasons and analyzed using statistical analysis,hydrochemical methods and water quality index(WQI).The content of mai...In this study,90 surface water samples were collected from Shandong Province(SDP)in the dry and wet seasons and analyzed using statistical analysis,hydrochemical methods and water quality index(WQI).The content of main ions showed seasonal variations,with a higher average value in the dry season than in the wet season.Sampling points exhibiting high contents of the main chemical components were mainly distributed in areas southwest of SDP,north of Weifang,and around Jinan.The saturation index of carbonate minerals was greater than zero,while that of evaporite minerals was less than zero.The hydrochemical characteristics of surface water are mainly dominated by rock weathering as well as cation exchange.In addition,surface water in SDP has significantly been affected by anthropogenic factors.Most of the surface water could be classified as weakly alkaline soft-fresh water,with the hydrochemical types of SO_(4)·Cl-Ca·Mg and SO_(4)·Cl-Na.In terms of WQI,47.88% and 37.88% of the water samples in SDP were classified as poor water in the dry and wet seasons,respectively.On the whole,the water quality is higher in the wet season than in the dry season,and surface water in SDP is generally suitable for agricultural irrigation.展开更多
Groundwater plays a critical role in maintaining ecological balance and ensuring social operations,especially in arid and semiarid regions(Hu et al.,2023;Han et al.,2022;Ma et al.,2014).The over-exploitation of ground...Groundwater plays a critical role in maintaining ecological balance and ensuring social operations,especially in arid and semiarid regions(Hu et al.,2023;Han et al.,2022;Ma et al.,2014).The over-exploitation of groundwater,coupled with the influx of pollutants from human activities into the soil,significantly degrades the environment in certain regions(Jia et al.,2019;Famiglietti,2014;Giordano,2009;Konikow and Kendy,2005;Bohlke,2002;Shah et al.,2000).展开更多
Butyl levulinate(BL) is a promising new candidate as diesel fuel and fuel additive. In this study, an efficient process for a one-pot synthesis of BL from biomass-derived carbohydrates in butanol medium with the cat...Butyl levulinate(BL) is a promising new candidate as diesel fuel and fuel additive. In this study, an efficient process for a one-pot synthesis of BL from biomass-derived carbohydrates in butanol medium with the catalysis of metal sulfates was developed. The catalytic activity of a series of metal sulfates for the synthesis of BL from fructose was investigated. Among various metal sulfates, ferric sulfate Fe(SO)was found to be the most efficient catalyst, which gave a remarkably high BL yield of 62.8 mol% under the conditions of 463 K, 3 h, a catalyst dosage of 5.0 g/L, and fructose concentration of 25 g/L. Different carbohydrates including glucose, cellulose, inulin and sucrose were also used for one-pot synthesis of BL with the catalysis of Fe(SO), showing the yields of 39.6, 30.5, 56.6 and 50.1 mol%, respectively. In addition,the recycling and reuse of Fe(SO)was studied by characterizing them using powder X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscope(SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). A plausible reaction pathway for the one-pot synthesis of BL from fructose was proposed. This study provides a facile and feasible way for the synthesis of BL from biomass.展开更多
基金The financial supports of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42177148)the opening fund of State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geo-environment Protection(Grant No.SKLGP 2023K011)Postdoctoral Research Project of Guangzhou(Grant No.20220402)are gratefully thanked.
文摘The micaceous weathered granitic soil(WGS)is frequently encountered in civil engineering worldwide,unfortunately little information is available regarding how mica affects the physico-mechanical behaviors of WGS.This study prepares reconstituted WGS with different mica contents by removing natural mica in theWGS,and then mixes it with commercial mica powders.The geotechnical behavior as well as the microstructures of the mixtures are characterized.The addition of mica enables the physical indices of WGS to be specific combinations of coarser gradation and high permeability but high Atterberg limits.However,high mica content in WGS was found to be associated with undesirable mechanical properties,including increased compressibility,disintegration,and swelling potential,as well as poor compactability and low effective frictional angle.Microstructural analysis indicates that the influence of mica on the responses of mixtures originates from the intrinsic nature of mica as well as the particle packing being formed withinWGS.Mica exists in the mixture as stacks of plates that form a spongy structure with high compressibility and swelling potential.Pores among the plates give the soil high water retention and high Atterberg limits.Large pores are also generated by soil particles with bridging packing,which enhances the permeability and water-soil interactions upon immersion.This study provides a microlevel understanding of how mica dominates the behavior of WGS and provides new insights into the effective stabilization and improvement of micaceous soils.
基金This paper was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41972285)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(Grant No.2018363)Key R&D projects of Hubei Province,China(Grant No.2021BAA186).
文摘Because of the cementation inherited from the parent rock,weathered granitic soil is usually susceptible to disturbance,which poses considerable challenges for laboratory characterization.The cone penetration test with pore pressure measurements has long been known for its reliability in site investigations and stratigraphic profiling.However,although extensive piezocone test results and experience are available for sedimentary soil,similar advances are yet to be made for weathered granitic soil.Moreover,the experience from sedimentary soil may not be directly applicable to weathered profiles because of the essentially different natures of the two types of geomaterials.This study performs seismic piezocone tests in a weathered granitic profile comprising residual granitic soil,completely weathered granite,and highly weathered granite.Pore pressure is measured at both the cone mid-face and the shoulder,and the effects of penetrometer size and penetration rate are considered.A series of updated soil behavior type charts is proposed to interpret the test results,thereby allowing the effect of weathering to be evaluated.This paper offers an important extension to the sparse data on the in situ responses of weathered materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12164032 and 11964026)the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia(No.2019MS01010)+3 种基金Scientific Research Projects in Colleges and Universities in Inner Mongolia(No.NJZZ19145)Graduate Science Innovative Research Projects(No.S20210281Z)the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia(No.2022MS01014)Doctor Research Start-up Fund of Inner Mongolia Minzu University(No.BS625).
文摘Excitons have significant impacts on the properties of semiconductors.They exhibit significantly different properties when a direct semiconductor turns in to an indirect one by doping.Huybrecht variational method is also found to influence the study of exciton ground state energy and ground state binding energy in Al_(x)Ga_(1−x)As semiconductor spherical quantum dots.The Al_(x)Ga_(1−x)As is considered to be a direct semiconductor at AI concentration below 0.45,and an indirect one at the concentration above 0.45.With regards to the former,the ground state binding energy increases and decreases with AI concentration and eigenfrequency,respectively;however,while the ground state energy increases with AI concentration,it is marginally influenced by eigenfrequency.On the other hand,considering the latter,while the ground state binding energy increases with AI concentration,it decreases with eigenfrequency;nevertheless,the ground state energy increases both with AI concentration and eigenfrequency.Hence,for the better practical performance of the semiconductors,the properties of the excitons are suggested to vary by adjusting AI concentration and eigenfrequency.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81870393.
文摘BACKGROUND According to the latest report,colorectal cancer is still one of the most prevalent cancers,with the third highest incidence and mortality worldwide.Treatment of advanced rectal cancer with distant metastases is usually unsatisfactory,especially for mismatch repair proficient(pMMR)rectal cancer,which leads to poor prognosis and recurrence.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of a pMMR rectal adenocarcinoma with metastases of multiple lymph nodes,including the left supraclavicular lymph node,before treatment in a 70-year-old man.He received full courses of chemoradiotherapy(CRT)followed by 4 cycles of programmed death 1 inhibitor Tislelizumab,and a pathologic complete response(pCR)was achieved,and the lesion of the left supraclavicular lymph node also disappeared.CONCLUSION pMMR advanced rectal cancer with preserved intact distant metastatic lymph nodes may benefit from full-course CRT combined with immunotherapy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12102312 and 41372314)State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection Open Foundation, Chengdu University of Technology, China (Grant No. SKLGP2021K011)
文摘Due to seasonal climate alterations,the microstructure and permeability of granite residual soil are easily affected by multiple dry-wet cycles.The X-ray micro computed tomography(micro-CT)acted as a nondestructive tool for characterizing the microstructure of soil samples exposed to a range of damage levels induced by dry-wet cycles.Subsequently,the variations of pore distribution and permeability due to drywet cycling effects were revealed based on three-dimensional(3D)pore distribution analysis and seepage simulations.According to the results,granite residual soils could be separated into four different components,namely,pores,clay,quartz,and hematite,from micro-CT images.The reconstructed 3D pore models dynamically demonstrated the expanding and connecting patterns of pore structures during drywet cycles.The values of porosity and connectivity are positively correlated with the number of dry-wet cycles,which were expressed by exponential and linear functions,respectively.The pore volume probability distribution curves of granite residual soil coincide with the χ^(2)distribution curve,which verifies the effectiveness of the assumption of χ^(2)distribution probability.The pore volume distribution curves suggest that the pores in soils were divided into four types based on their volumes,i.e.micropores,mesopores,macropores,and cracks.From a quantitative and visual perspective,considerable small pores are gradually transformed into cracks with a large volume and a high connectivity.Under the action of dry-wet cycles,the number of seepage flow streamlines which contribute to water permeation in seepage simulation increases distinctly,as well as the permeability and hydraulic conductivity.The calculated hydraulic conductivity is comparable with measured ones with an acceptable error margin in general,verifying the accuracy of seepage simulations based on micro-CT results.
基金the Building Fund for the Academic Innovation Team of Shantou University,China(Grant No.NTF21017)the Special Fund for Science and Technology of Guangdong Province in 2021(Grant No.STKJ2021181)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11672320)。
文摘The evolution of shear bands and cracks plays an important role in landslides.However,there is no systematic method for classification of the cracks,which can be used to analyze the evolution of cracks in shear bands.In this study,X-ray computed tomography(CT)is used to observe the behavior of granite residual soil during a triaxial shear process.Based on the digital volume correlation(DVC)method,a crack classification method is established according to the connectivity characteristics of cracks before and after loading.Cracks are then divided into six classes:obsolete,brand-new,isolated,split,combined,and compound.With evolution of the shear bands,a large number of brand-new cracks accelerate the damages of materials at the mesoscale,resulting in a sharp decrease in strength.The volume of brandnew cracks increases rapidly with increasing axial strain,and their volume is greater than 50%when the strain reaches 12%,while the volume of compound cracks decreases from 54%to 21%.As cracks are the weakest areas in a material,brand-new cracks accelerate the development of shear bands.Finally,the coupling effect of shear bands and cracks destroys the soil strength.
基金This research was financed by grants from the Innovation Cultivation Fund of the Seventh Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital(QZX-2023-17)the Youth Innovation Fund of People's Liberation Army General Hospital(22QNFC095).
文摘Objective Penile vascular anomalies(PVAs)or hemangioma can arouse patient concern about aesthetics and cause symptoms like bleeding and sexual dysfunction.However,its low incidence and the deficiency of large-volume studies hinder urologists from making informed decisions.This study aimed to investigate the clinical features and treatment experience of PVAs at the Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital,Beijing,China.Furthermore,by systematically analysis of studies on PVAs in Chinese people,we aimed to provide novel insights on the management of this condition.Methods We retrospectively investigated clinical features and pathology of surgery-treated PVAs at our center.Moreover,by systemically reviewing the literature from PubMed and the three largest medical databases(China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wan Fang,and Chinese Medical Journal Database)in China,we analyzed the clinical features and various therapies of PVAs in Chinese people.Results Between March 1,2018 and March 1,2023,a total of 356 cases with vascular anomalies were treated with surgery at out center.Only seven(2.0%)cases had lesions involving the perineum and external genitalia.All the seven cases were pathologically benign and demonstrated no recurrence over a follow-up period of 1-52 months(median 14 months).A total of 410 cases from 44 studies were selected in the cumulative analysis.Most patients(92.4%)diagnosed with PVAs were asymptomatic,and 68.8%of the patients were treated with sclerotherapy.As to the pathology,57.1%were venous malformation.Conclusion The most common PVA is venous malformation and the majority of patients are asymptomatic.Sclerotherapy and laser have emerged as viable options for treating small lesions.Surgery still has its role in treating large lesions and obtaining pathology.Although PVAs often relapse or demand multiple treatments,the prognosis is favorable.
文摘Objective:To use Cite Space and VOSviewer to investigate the scientific production in the field of symptom clusters in cancer research.Methods:The search was performed using the terms“symptom clusters,”“cancer,”and“oncology”on the Web of Science Core Collection database.The retrieval time was from 2001 to 2021,which covers the last 2 decades.Based on the production theory of scientific knowledge and the data mining of citations,data pertaining to the annual publications,journals,countries,organizations,authors,and keywords that produce symptom clusters in cancer research,as well as their cooperation(collaboration network),were extracted,and then both were clarified by the software tools VOSviewer(version 1.6.16)and Cite Space(version 6.1.R2).Results:A total of 1796 publications were retrieved between 2001 and 2021,and 473 relevant publications were included after screening.The results showed an increasing trend in published articles.The United States had the largest number of publications(261/473,55.18%),followed by China and Canada.The University of California,San Francisco,was the most productive institution.Current research hotspots included the analysis of symptom clusters and symptom management in patients with breast cancer and lung cancer,as well as any advanced cancer and cancer cachexia;fatigue-related symptom clusters and depression-anxiety symptom cluster;and the impacts of symptom clusters on quality of life.The research frontiers included analysis between health-related quality of life and symptom clusters,data mining in symptom clusters,research on the mental health status of cancer patients,and study of the mechanism and biological pathways of symptom clusters.Conclusions:The study provides insight into the global research perspective for the scientific progress on cancer symptom clusters,which suggests a growing scientific interest in this field,and more studies are warranted to guide symptom management.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81970500,81571563 and 81870393.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastric adenosquamous carcinoma(ASC)is rare and characterized by coexisting of adenocarcinoma andsquamous carcinoma within the same tumor.We present a female patient with gastric ASC who had an elevated serum level of alpha-fetopro-tein(AFP),which decreased to normal levels after a laparoscopic distant radical gastrectomy in a short period.The clinicopathological features in AFP-producing gastric cancer(GC)are discussed,as well as potentially available prognostic predi-ctors.CASE SUMMARY A 50-year-old woman presented to our department with a chief complain of a 6-mo history of bloating.She had no basic diseases including heart diseases and respiratory diseases,and she also denied any prior history of dysphagia,hematemesis,melena,rectal bleeding,hematochezia,or unintentional weight loss.Based on her symptoms,an esophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed,showing an annular cavity lesion 3 cm from the pylorus with a diameter of 6 cm.A biopsy of the lesion showed gastric ASC,whereas the pylorus biopsy showed normal mucosa.The patient further received an enhanced computed tomography scan which demonstrated an invasive lesion close to the pylorus with a still clear margin of the tumor to peripheral organs such as the pancreas and liver.Scattered lymph nodes were visible around,whereas no sign of liver metastasis was discovered.Serum tumor markers including carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),cancer antigen 199(CA199),CA724,CA125,and CA242 were all normal,while the level of serum AFP increased to 172 ng/mL.A laparoscopic distant radical gastrectomy was performed after exclusion of surgical contraindications.Postoperative pathology results showed that the tumor displayed an ulcerated ASC phenotype(90%of medium to highly-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma,10%of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma.Surprisingly,the serum level of AFP decreased to normal level on post operation day 5.The tumor cells were positive for CK5/6,p63,and CEA,and negative for AFP and Epstein-Barr encoding region.CONCLUSION We presented a rare case of gastric ASC with elevated serum AFP level,which may be new subtype of AFP-producing GC.Follow-up detection of serum AFP might be a useful tool to predict patient prognosis.
基金supported by Shanghai Cooperation Organization Science and Technology Partnership Program(2020E01039)the Scientific Instrument Developing Project,CAS(YJKYYQ20210033)+3 种基金CAS Youth Interdisciplinary Team(JCTD-2021–18)the West Light Foundation of CAS(2021-XBQNXZ-004)the Outstanding Youth Science Fund Project of Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang(2022D01E90)Key Training Object of Talent Project of Urumqi。
文摘As a fundamental parameter of the optical crystals,birefringence plays a vital role in many optical applications,such as phase modulation,light splitting,and polarization,especially the phase matching process of the nonlinear optical crystals.The big birefringence not only benefits to the miniaturization of related devices,but also broadens the phase-matching wavelength range of nonlinear optical crystals.The design and synthesis of crystals with large birefringence becomes a hot research topic due to its more and more important applications in the optical modulation and laser technology fields.Herein,crystals with birefringence greater than 0.05 in the borate system are reviewed and classified according to different birefringent active groups,and the relationship between structure and properties is thoroughly explored.It is hoped that this review will provide a clear understanding of what kinds of building units and arrangements would have more opportunity to get adequate birefringence in borate systems and provide the statistical references to encourage the emergence of better crystal materials with large birefringence.
文摘Cronkhite-Canada syndrome(CCS) is a rare but serious protein-losing enteropathy, but little is known about the mechanism. Further more, misdiagnosis is common due to non-familiarity of its clinical manifestation. A 40-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital because of diarrhea and hypogeusia associated with weight loss for 4 mo. On physical examination, skin pigmentation, dystrophic nail changes and alopecia were noted. He had no alike family history. Laboratory results revealed low levels of serum albumin(30.1 g/L, range: 35.0-55.0 g/L), serum potassium(2.61 mmol/L, range: 3.5-5.5 mmol/L) and blood glucose(2.6 mmol/L, range: 3.9-6.1 mmol/L). The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was elevated to 17 mm/h(range: 0-15 mm/h). X-ray of chest and mandible was normal. The endoscopic examination showed multiple sessile polyps in the stomach, small bowel and colorectum. Histopathologic examination of biopsies obtained from those polyps showed hyperplastic change, cystic dilatation and distortion of glands with inflammatory infiltration, eosinophilic predominance and stromal edema. Immune staining for IgG 4 plasma cells was positive in polyps of stomach and colon. The patient was diagnosed of CCS and treated with steroid, he had a good response to steroid. Both histologic findings and treatment response to steroid suggested an autoimmune mechanism underling CCS.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(21878315 and 21808223)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0206803)+3 种基金Innovation Academy for Green ManufactureCAS(IAGM2020C17)K.C.Wong Education Foundation(GJTD-2018-04)。
文摘A double-effect reactive distillation(DERD)process was proposed for the production of propylene glycol methyl ether from propylene oxide and methanol to overcome the shortcoming of low selectivity and high-energy consumption in the tubular plug-flow reactor.A single-column reactive distillation(RD)process was conducted under optimized operating conditions based on sensitivity analysis as a reference.The results demonstrated that the proposed DERD process is able to achieve more than 95%selectivity of the desired product.After that,a design approach of the DERD process with an objective of the minimum operating cost was proposed to achieve further energy savings in the RD process.The proposed DERD configuration can provide a large energy-savings by totally utilization of the overhead vapor steam in the high-pressure RD column.A comparison of the single-column RD process revealed that the proposed DERD process can reduce the operating cost and the total annual cost of 25.3%and 30.7%,respectively,even though the total capital cost of DERD process is larger than that of the RD process.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.60778047,61335011,61275187,and 81071790in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province under Grant No.2016A030313370.
文摘In this paper,optical coherence tomography(OCT)and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)were used to characterize normal knee joint(NKJ)tissue and knee osteoarthritis(KOA)tissue ex vivo.OCT images show that there is a clear hierarchical structure in NKJ tissue,including surface layer,transitional layer,radiation layer and cartilage matrix calcification layer tissue structure,while the hierarchical structure of KOA tissue is not clear and unevenly distributed,and the pathological tissues at different stages also show significant di®erences.SERS shows that NKJ tissue and mild osteoarthritic knee cartilage(MiKOA)tissue have strong characteristic Raman peaks at 964,1073(1086),1271,1305,1442,1660 and 1763 cm^(-1).Compared with the Raman spectrum of NKJ tissue,the Raman characteristic peaks of MiKOA tissue have some shifts,moving from 1073 cm^(-1)to 1086 cm^(-1)and from 1542 cm^(-1)to 1442 cm^(-1).There is a characteristic Raman peak of 1271 cm^(-1)in MiKOA tissue,but not in NKJ tissue.Compared with NKJ tissue,severely degenerated cartilage(SdKOA)tissues show some new SERS peaks at 1008,1245,1285,1311 and 1321 cm^(-1),which are not seen in SERS spectra of NKJ tissue.Principal component analysis(PCA)was used to analyze the Raman spectra of 1245–1345 cm^(-1)region.The results show that PCA can distinguish NKJ,MiKOA and SdKOA tissues and the accuracy is about 90%.These results indicate that OCT can clearly distinguish NKJ,MiKOA,moderate osteoarthritic knee cartilage(MoKOA)and SdKOA tissue,while SERS can provide further judgment basis.The results also prove that the contents of protein and polysaccharide in knee tissue are changed during the pathological process of knee tissue,which is the cause of pain caused by poor friction in knee joint during movement.
文摘China's price fluctuations increasingly exhibit significant structural characteristics,and since 2003,there have been several rounds of significant structural price rise.The degree of structural rise in the prices of industrial and agricultural products in China is not only higher than in the general developed countries and developing countries,but also more prominent than in other transition economies.And the structural rise in the prices of Chinese industrial and agricultural products exhibits significant economic zone differences:the structural fluctuations are the greatest in the central and western regions,significantly higher than in the eastern regions as well as the national average.From the perspective of causes of structural rise in the prices of Chinese industrial and agricultural products,the government must aim to coordinate the industrial and agricultural investments and bridge the gap in the industrial and agricultural technologies and supply capacity.
基金the National Fund of Social Science"Studies of the Effects of Environmental Taxes under Different Market Structures in China"(13BJY149)Key Project of Basic Scientific Research Fund for Central Uni-versities of China"Studies of the Path of Environmental Tax Reforms in China-Based on the Experience of OECD Countries"(SWU1409126)Key Project for Tax Survey and Research of Local Taxation Bureau of Yuzhong District of Chongqing Municipality"Research on Optimizing Taxpayer Serv-ices"(2013YZ&ZD001)
文摘Through comparing development trend electronic taxpayer services in OECD countries and analyzing its drawbacks,it gained beneficial experience of electronic taxpayer services.Then,it came up with policy recommendations for China.It is recommended that China should raise the electronic taxpayer services to national strategy level,improve the efficiency of electronic taxpayer services in line with the taxpayercentered principle,develop ways of electronic taxpayer services with Chinese characteristics,increase convenience for taxpayers on the precondition of guaranteeing information security,make effort to reduce compliance costs of taxpayers,and promote popularization of electronic taxpayer services with the framework of laws.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41772257,41472216)the Research Project of Shandong Province Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources(Nos.KY2018003,KY201933)the Shandong Provincial Geological Environment Exploration Project(2016)No.3。
文摘In this study,90 surface water samples were collected from Shandong Province(SDP)in the dry and wet seasons and analyzed using statistical analysis,hydrochemical methods and water quality index(WQI).The content of main ions showed seasonal variations,with a higher average value in the dry season than in the wet season.Sampling points exhibiting high contents of the main chemical components were mainly distributed in areas southwest of SDP,north of Weifang,and around Jinan.The saturation index of carbonate minerals was greater than zero,while that of evaporite minerals was less than zero.The hydrochemical characteristics of surface water are mainly dominated by rock weathering as well as cation exchange.In addition,surface water in SDP has significantly been affected by anthropogenic factors.Most of the surface water could be classified as weakly alkaline soft-fresh water,with the hydrochemical types of SO_(4)·Cl-Ca·Mg and SO_(4)·Cl-Na.In terms of WQI,47.88% and 37.88% of the water samples in SDP were classified as poor water in the dry and wet seasons,respectively.On the whole,the water quality is higher in the wet season than in the dry season,and surface water in SDP is generally suitable for agricultural irrigation.
基金supported by the Center for Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology Survey,1:50000 Hydrogeological Survey of Yimeng Mountains(No.12120114010902)。
文摘Groundwater plays a critical role in maintaining ecological balance and ensuring social operations,especially in arid and semiarid regions(Hu et al.,2023;Han et al.,2022;Ma et al.,2014).The over-exploitation of groundwater,coupled with the influx of pollutants from human activities into the soil,significantly degrades the environment in certain regions(Jia et al.,2019;Famiglietti,2014;Giordano,2009;Konikow and Kendy,2005;Bohlke,2002;Shah et al.,2000).
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (nos.21176227 and U1404519)
文摘Butyl levulinate(BL) is a promising new candidate as diesel fuel and fuel additive. In this study, an efficient process for a one-pot synthesis of BL from biomass-derived carbohydrates in butanol medium with the catalysis of metal sulfates was developed. The catalytic activity of a series of metal sulfates for the synthesis of BL from fructose was investigated. Among various metal sulfates, ferric sulfate Fe(SO)was found to be the most efficient catalyst, which gave a remarkably high BL yield of 62.8 mol% under the conditions of 463 K, 3 h, a catalyst dosage of 5.0 g/L, and fructose concentration of 25 g/L. Different carbohydrates including glucose, cellulose, inulin and sucrose were also used for one-pot synthesis of BL with the catalysis of Fe(SO), showing the yields of 39.6, 30.5, 56.6 and 50.1 mol%, respectively. In addition,the recycling and reuse of Fe(SO)was studied by characterizing them using powder X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscope(SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). A plausible reaction pathway for the one-pot synthesis of BL from fructose was proposed. This study provides a facile and feasible way for the synthesis of BL from biomass.