Hindered growth often occurs because of psychological and environmental stress during the weaning period of piglets.This study aimed to compare the effects of growth performance,diarrhea indices,digestibility of nutri...Hindered growth often occurs because of psychological and environmental stress during the weaning period of piglets.This study aimed to compare the effects of growth performance,diarrhea indices,digestibility of nutrients,antioxidant capacity,neurotransmitters levels and metabolism of weaned pigs fed diets supplemented with pyrroloquinoline quinone(PQQ)and zinc oxide(ZnO).Pigs weaned at d 28(n=108)were fed with three different diets including:the basal diet(CTRL group),the basal diet supplemented with 3.0 mg/kg PQQ(PQQ group)and the basal diet containing 1,600 mg/kg ZnO(ZNO group).During the first 14 d,weaned pigs fed the diet supplemented with PQQ and ZnO decreased feed to gain ratio and diarrhea rate(P<0.01).Compared with the CTRL group,average daily gain was increased in weaned pigs in the PQQ group from d 15 to 28(P=0.03).Compared with the CTRL group,pigs fed PQQ and ZnO supplemented diets showed improved apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD)of nutrients(P≤0.05).During the overall experimental period,the concentration of malondialdehyde was decreased in plasma of pigs in the PQQ and ZNO groups compared with the CTRL group(P<0.05).At d 28,the concentration of vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP)and calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP)was lower in plasma of weaned pigs in the PQQ and ZNO groups compared with the CTRL group(P<0.05).There was no difference between the PQQ and ZNO group in growth performance,ATTD of nutrition,antioxidant capacity and neurotransmitters levels.PQQ increased 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelate(P<0.05)compared with the CTRL group.According to metabolomic analysis,erucamide,formononetin and 3-methyl-L-histidine were up-regulated in the PQQ group(P<0.05).Compared with the CTRL group,aloesin and dibutyl adipate were down-regulated in the PQQ group(P<0.05).In conclusion,similar to ZnO,PQQ improves growth performance,digestibility of nutrients,antioxidant capacity,neuromodulation and metabolism of weaned pigs.Thus,like ZnO,PQQ can be effectively applied in weaned pigs.展开更多
The converging lens is one of the key components in high-resolution terahertz imaging.In this Letter,a binary diffractive lens is proposed for the scanning imaging system working at 278.6 GHz,in which a convergent bea...The converging lens is one of the key components in high-resolution terahertz imaging.In this Letter,a binary diffractive lens is proposed for the scanning imaging system working at 278.6 GHz,in which a convergent beam with a waist diameter of0.65 mm is generated,and 1 mm lateral imaging resolution is realized.This low-cost terahertz lens,constituted by concentric rings with different radii,is optimized by stimulated annealing algorithm and fabricated by three-dimensional printing.Compared with the conventional transmissive convex lens,higher resolution and enhanced imaging quality are achieved via smaller focal spot of the illumination beam.This type of lens would promote terahertz imaging closer to practical applications such as nondestructive testing and other scenarios.展开更多
基金This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32072772 and 31672459).
文摘Hindered growth often occurs because of psychological and environmental stress during the weaning period of piglets.This study aimed to compare the effects of growth performance,diarrhea indices,digestibility of nutrients,antioxidant capacity,neurotransmitters levels and metabolism of weaned pigs fed diets supplemented with pyrroloquinoline quinone(PQQ)and zinc oxide(ZnO).Pigs weaned at d 28(n=108)were fed with three different diets including:the basal diet(CTRL group),the basal diet supplemented with 3.0 mg/kg PQQ(PQQ group)and the basal diet containing 1,600 mg/kg ZnO(ZNO group).During the first 14 d,weaned pigs fed the diet supplemented with PQQ and ZnO decreased feed to gain ratio and diarrhea rate(P<0.01).Compared with the CTRL group,average daily gain was increased in weaned pigs in the PQQ group from d 15 to 28(P=0.03).Compared with the CTRL group,pigs fed PQQ and ZnO supplemented diets showed improved apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD)of nutrients(P≤0.05).During the overall experimental period,the concentration of malondialdehyde was decreased in plasma of pigs in the PQQ and ZNO groups compared with the CTRL group(P<0.05).At d 28,the concentration of vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP)and calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP)was lower in plasma of weaned pigs in the PQQ and ZNO groups compared with the CTRL group(P<0.05).There was no difference between the PQQ and ZNO group in growth performance,ATTD of nutrition,antioxidant capacity and neurotransmitters levels.PQQ increased 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelate(P<0.05)compared with the CTRL group.According to metabolomic analysis,erucamide,formononetin and 3-methyl-L-histidine were up-regulated in the PQQ group(P<0.05).Compared with the CTRL group,aloesin and dibutyl adipate were down-regulated in the PQQ group(P<0.05).In conclusion,similar to ZnO,PQQ improves growth performance,digestibility of nutrients,antioxidant capacity,neuromodulation and metabolism of weaned pigs.Thus,like ZnO,PQQ can be effectively applied in weaned pigs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62220106005,62075001,and 62175004)the Science Foundation of Education Commission of Beijing(No.KZ202010005008)。
文摘The converging lens is one of the key components in high-resolution terahertz imaging.In this Letter,a binary diffractive lens is proposed for the scanning imaging system working at 278.6 GHz,in which a convergent beam with a waist diameter of0.65 mm is generated,and 1 mm lateral imaging resolution is realized.This low-cost terahertz lens,constituted by concentric rings with different radii,is optimized by stimulated annealing algorithm and fabricated by three-dimensional printing.Compared with the conventional transmissive convex lens,higher resolution and enhanced imaging quality are achieved via smaller focal spot of the illumination beam.This type of lens would promote terahertz imaging closer to practical applications such as nondestructive testing and other scenarios.