Objective: To evaluate NS1 antigen detection ELISA for the early laboratory diagnosis of dengue virus infection. Methods: The present study was conducted to evaluate the overall positivity of NS1 antigen detection ELI...Objective: To evaluate NS1 antigen detection ELISA for the early laboratory diagnosis of dengue virus infection. Methods: The present study was conducted to evaluate the overall positivity of NS1 antigen detection ELISA and its comparison with viral RNA detection via real time PCR and Ig M antibodies detection by ELISA. Results: A total of 1 270 serum samples were tested 86%(1 097/1 270) were detected positive by one or more than one diagnostic test. Out of 1 270, 64%(807/1 270) were positive by NS1 ELISA and 52%(662/1 270), 51%(646/1 270) were positive by real-time RT-PCR and Ig M ELISA respectively.Conclusions: NS1 antigen detection ELISA is highly suitable diagnostic tools and it also has great value for use in outbreak and epidemic situation.展开更多
Objective:To High light some epidemiological,clinical and diagnostic features of dengue fever during an outbreak and the role of different diagnostic techniques to achieve the highest level of accuracy in results.Meth...Objective:To High light some epidemiological,clinical and diagnostic features of dengue fever during an outbreak and the role of different diagnostic techniques to achieve the highest level of accuracy in results.Methods:Blood samples(n=323) were collected along with epidemiological and clinical data from suspected dengue patients who visited different hospitals in Swat and Mansehra district of Pakistan between May-November 2013 during a dengue outbreak.Samples were tested for the detection of viral nucleic acid by real-lime PCR.non structural protein-1(NS1antigen and IgM antibodies by ELISA.Results:Out of 323 cases with clinical dengue infection,304 were positive by one or more diagnostic parameter:201 samples were positive by real-time PCR,209 were positive by NS1 ELISA and 190 were positive by IgM antibodies.Sensitivities of real-time PCR and NS1 F.LISA were comparable for early diagnosis of dengue virus infection.IgM antibody detection assay was found useful for the diagnosis in the samples collected later than day 5 of onset.Conclusions:The use of real-lime PCR or detection of non stnictural protein NS 1 by ELISA followed by IgM antibodies detection can be recommended for early diagnosis of dengue virus infection with a high level of accuracy.展开更多
COVID-19 pandemic has become a serious public health crisis for developed and developing countries around the world.As of February 17,2022,over 420 million cases including 5.8 million deaths have been reported across ...COVID-19 pandemic has become a serious public health crisis for developed and developing countries around the world.As of February 17,2022,over 420 million cases including 5.8 million deaths have been reported across the globe[1].The first case of COVID-19 in Pakistan was detected on February 26,2020;since then,the toll of confirmed COVID-19 cases reached 1491423 including 29877 deaths as of February 17,2022[1].展开更多
Background:Dengue virus is the causative agent of dengue fever,a vector borne infection which causes selflimiting to life threatening disease in humans.A sero-epidemiological study was conducted to understand the curr...Background:Dengue virus is the causative agent of dengue fever,a vector borne infection which causes selflimiting to life threatening disease in humans.A sero-epidemiological study was conducted to understand the current epidemiology of dengue virus in Pakistan which is now known as a dengue endemic country after its first reported outbreak in 1994.Methods:To investigate the prevalence of dengue virus in Pakistan during 2009-2014,a total of 9,493 blood samples were screened for the detection of anti-dengue IgM antibodies using ELISA.Clinical and demographic features available with hospital records were reviewed to ascertain mortalities related to dengue hemorrhagic shock syndrome.Results:Out of 9,493 samples tested,37%(3,504)were found positive for anti-dengue IgM antibodies.Of the seropositive cases,73.6%(2,578/3,504)were male and 26.4%(926/3,504)were female.The highest number(382/929;41.1%)of sero-positive cases was observed among the individuals of age group 31-40 years.The highest number of symptomatic cases was reported in October(46%;4,400/9,493),and the highest number of sero-positive cases among symptomatic cases was observed in November(45.7%;806/1,764).Mean annual patient incidence(MAPI)during 2009-2014 in Pakistan remained 0.30 with the highest annual patient incidence(11.03)found in Islamabad.According to the available medical case record,472 dengue related deaths were reported during 2009-2014.Conclusion:The data from earlier reports in Pakistan described the dengue virus incidence from limited areas of the country.Our findings are important considering the testing of clinical samples at a larger scale covering patients of vast geographical regions and warrants timely implementation of dengue vector surveillance and control programs.Trial registration number:It is an epidemiological research study,so trial registration is not required.展开更多
Allergic asthma is a diverse chronic respiratory disease characterized by the inflammation of the lower airway disease affecting many people around the world with rising morbidity and mortality.Association between ast...Allergic asthma is a diverse chronic respiratory disease characterized by the inflammation of the lower airway disease affecting many people around the world with rising morbidity and mortality.Association between asthma and certain demographic features was studied in relation to genotype from 244 allergic individuals of local population.Skin prick test was used to confirm asthma.Genetic polymorphism in Glutathione-S-transferases(GSTs)was studied using multiplex PCR based method and IgE level by ELISA.Pollen and dust were the major causative aeroallergens(26%),which were associated to higher IgE levels(P<0.05).Smoking was found to be significantly associated with asthma in only males(P Z 0.004).A low prevalence of null genotype of both GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes was observed in the patients(4.34%)compared to control group(14%).No association of combined GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotype was found with the asthma in local population.GSTM1t and GSTTgenotype had higher risk(OR Z 1.3681,P Z 0.001)for development of asthma.There was a significant association of asthma with combined genotype of GSTM1t and GSTTwhen data was analyzed on gender basis in males(P Z 0.006)and highly significant in age range of 26e40 years(P Z 0.001).Combined GSTMt and GSTTgenotype was found to be risk factor for asthma in addition to family history in male patients.However a data with large patient size and different ethnic distribution may reveal the exact etiology.展开更多
文摘Objective: To evaluate NS1 antigen detection ELISA for the early laboratory diagnosis of dengue virus infection. Methods: The present study was conducted to evaluate the overall positivity of NS1 antigen detection ELISA and its comparison with viral RNA detection via real time PCR and Ig M antibodies detection by ELISA. Results: A total of 1 270 serum samples were tested 86%(1 097/1 270) were detected positive by one or more than one diagnostic test. Out of 1 270, 64%(807/1 270) were positive by NS1 ELISA and 52%(662/1 270), 51%(646/1 270) were positive by real-time RT-PCR and Ig M ELISA respectively.Conclusions: NS1 antigen detection ELISA is highly suitable diagnostic tools and it also has great value for use in outbreak and epidemic situation.
文摘Objective:To High light some epidemiological,clinical and diagnostic features of dengue fever during an outbreak and the role of different diagnostic techniques to achieve the highest level of accuracy in results.Methods:Blood samples(n=323) were collected along with epidemiological and clinical data from suspected dengue patients who visited different hospitals in Swat and Mansehra district of Pakistan between May-November 2013 during a dengue outbreak.Samples were tested for the detection of viral nucleic acid by real-lime PCR.non structural protein-1(NS1antigen and IgM antibodies by ELISA.Results:Out of 323 cases with clinical dengue infection,304 were positive by one or more diagnostic parameter:201 samples were positive by real-time PCR,209 were positive by NS1 ELISA and 190 were positive by IgM antibodies.Sensitivities of real-time PCR and NS1 F.LISA were comparable for early diagnosis of dengue virus infection.IgM antibody detection assay was found useful for the diagnosis in the samples collected later than day 5 of onset.Conclusions:The use of real-lime PCR or detection of non stnictural protein NS 1 by ELISA followed by IgM antibodies detection can be recommended for early diagnosis of dengue virus infection with a high level of accuracy.
文摘COVID-19 pandemic has become a serious public health crisis for developed and developing countries around the world.As of February 17,2022,over 420 million cases including 5.8 million deaths have been reported across the globe[1].The first case of COVID-19 in Pakistan was detected on February 26,2020;since then,the toll of confirmed COVID-19 cases reached 1491423 including 29877 deaths as of February 17,2022[1].
文摘Background:Dengue virus is the causative agent of dengue fever,a vector borne infection which causes selflimiting to life threatening disease in humans.A sero-epidemiological study was conducted to understand the current epidemiology of dengue virus in Pakistan which is now known as a dengue endemic country after its first reported outbreak in 1994.Methods:To investigate the prevalence of dengue virus in Pakistan during 2009-2014,a total of 9,493 blood samples were screened for the detection of anti-dengue IgM antibodies using ELISA.Clinical and demographic features available with hospital records were reviewed to ascertain mortalities related to dengue hemorrhagic shock syndrome.Results:Out of 9,493 samples tested,37%(3,504)were found positive for anti-dengue IgM antibodies.Of the seropositive cases,73.6%(2,578/3,504)were male and 26.4%(926/3,504)were female.The highest number(382/929;41.1%)of sero-positive cases was observed among the individuals of age group 31-40 years.The highest number of symptomatic cases was reported in October(46%;4,400/9,493),and the highest number of sero-positive cases among symptomatic cases was observed in November(45.7%;806/1,764).Mean annual patient incidence(MAPI)during 2009-2014 in Pakistan remained 0.30 with the highest annual patient incidence(11.03)found in Islamabad.According to the available medical case record,472 dengue related deaths were reported during 2009-2014.Conclusion:The data from earlier reports in Pakistan described the dengue virus incidence from limited areas of the country.Our findings are important considering the testing of clinical samples at a larger scale covering patients of vast geographical regions and warrants timely implementation of dengue vector surveillance and control programs.Trial registration number:It is an epidemiological research study,so trial registration is not required.
文摘Allergic asthma is a diverse chronic respiratory disease characterized by the inflammation of the lower airway disease affecting many people around the world with rising morbidity and mortality.Association between asthma and certain demographic features was studied in relation to genotype from 244 allergic individuals of local population.Skin prick test was used to confirm asthma.Genetic polymorphism in Glutathione-S-transferases(GSTs)was studied using multiplex PCR based method and IgE level by ELISA.Pollen and dust were the major causative aeroallergens(26%),which were associated to higher IgE levels(P<0.05).Smoking was found to be significantly associated with asthma in only males(P Z 0.004).A low prevalence of null genotype of both GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes was observed in the patients(4.34%)compared to control group(14%).No association of combined GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotype was found with the asthma in local population.GSTM1t and GSTTgenotype had higher risk(OR Z 1.3681,P Z 0.001)for development of asthma.There was a significant association of asthma with combined genotype of GSTM1t and GSTTwhen data was analyzed on gender basis in males(P Z 0.006)and highly significant in age range of 26e40 years(P Z 0.001).Combined GSTMt and GSTTgenotype was found to be risk factor for asthma in addition to family history in male patients.However a data with large patient size and different ethnic distribution may reveal the exact etiology.
