Interface engineering yields efficient perovskite light-emitting diodes

Metal-halide perovskites(MHPs)have emerged as a new class of semiconductors used in perovskite solar cells(PSCs)[1-5],perovskite light-emitting diodes(PeLEDs)[6-12],photo/X-ray detectors[13-16],and memristors[17,18].Pe LEDs can emit different light with high purity[19,20].

Pathogenesis of alcoholic hepatitis:Role of inflammatory signaling and oxidative stress

Inflammatory signaling and oxidative stress are two major components in the pathogenesis of alcoholic he-patitis.Alcohol consumption results in translocation of gut bacteria into the portal system along with lipopolysaccharides that interact with toll-like receptors and results in the production of inflammatory and immunogenic mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α) and interferons.Chronic consumption of alcohol causes priming of this process in which there is enhanced production of cytokines,interferon,interleukins,and TNF-α.Oxidative stress,genetic predisposition,and the unfolded protein response are other contributory mechanisms.Novel therapies aimed at these pathways may prevent,decrease,or delay the complications of alcoholic hepatitis.

Outcomes after liver transplantation for combined alcohol and hepatitis C virus infection

Alcohol abuse and chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection are two major causes of chronic liver disease in the United States.About 10%-15%of liver transplants performed in the United States are for patients with cirrhosis due to combined alcohol and HCV infection.Data on outcomes on graft and patient survival,HCV recurrence,and relapse of alcohol use comparing transplants in hepatitis C positive drinkers compared to alcohol abuse or hepatitis C alone are conflicting in the literature.Some studies report a slightly better overall outcome in patients who were transplanted for alcoholic cirrhosis vs those transplanted for HCV alone or for combined HCV and alcohol related cirrhosis.However,some other studies do not support these observations.However,most studies are limited to a retrospective design or small sample size.Larger prospective multicenter studies are needed to better define the outcomes in hepatitis C drinkers.

Influence of Martensite Volume Fraction on Mechanical Properties of High-Mn Steel

Elastic-plastic deformation behavior of austenitic, martensitic, and austenitic-martensitic high-Mn steels is investigated by using crystal plasticity theory. The development of expandable pipes made of two-phase steel for oil and gas well applications is needed for improved and efficient recovery of hydrocarbons from difficult reservoirs. The current research is aimed at improving the down-hole post-expansion material properties of expandable pipes. A mathematical model is first developed based on finite-deformation crystal plasticity theory assuming that slip is the prime mode of plastic deformation. The developed model is then numerically implemented by using the finite element software ABAQUS, through a user defined subroutine. Finite element simulations are performed for austenitic, martensitic, and austenitic-martensitic steels having different proportions of martensite in an austenite matrix. Three primary modes of loading are considered: uniaxial tension, compression and simple shear. The variation in yield strength, hardening pattern and dissipated energy is observed and analyzed.

A non-rigid shift of band dispersions induced by Cu intercalation in 2H-TaSe2

The intercalation of metal is a promising method for the modulating electronic properties in transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs).However,there still lacks enough knowledge about how the intercalated atoms directly impact the two-dimensional structural layers and modulate the band structures therein.Taking advantage of X-ray absorption fine structure and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy,we studied how Cu intercalation influences the host TaSe2 layers in Cu0.03TaSe2 crystals.The intercalated Cu atoms form bonds with Se of the host layers,and there is charge transfer from Cu to Se.By examining the changes of band dispersions,we show that the variation of electronic structures is beyond a simple rigid band model with merely charge doping effect.This work'reveals that the unusual change of band dispersions is associated with the formation of bonds between the intercalated metal elements and anion ions in the host layers,and provides a reference for the comprehensive understanding of the electronic structures in intercalated materials.