Co ronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) has affected a broad demographics,eliciting a more significant effect on specific groups such as males,African Americans,and Hispanic minorities.Treatment of COVID-19 often requires...Co ronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) has affected a broad demographics,eliciting a more significant effect on specific groups such as males,African Americans,and Hispanic minorities.Treatment of COVID-19 often requires antiviral drugs or monoclonal antibodies.However,immunotherapies such as mesenchymal stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomal vesicles should be evaluated as treatment options for COVID-19.Mesenchymal stem cell thera py offe rs regenerative,anti-inflammatory,and immunomodulato ry properties that can speed up the recovery from COVID-19.Mesenchymal stem cell therapy can also benefit COVID-19 patients who suffer from stro kes,as COVID-19 increases the risk of strokes due to increased cytokines and clotting facto rs.Most stroke cases that occur in COVID-19 patients are ischemic strokes.Therefo re,with the help of mesenchymal stem cell therapy and mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes,COVID-19-induced stroke patients might benefit from dual-ended treatment.The o bjective of this review was to discuss COVID-19 and stroke incidence and the available treatment options.展开更多
Intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH)is a subtype of stroke associated with higher rates of mortality.Currently,no effective drug treatment is available for ICH.The molecular pathways following ICH are complicated and diverse...Intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH)is a subtype of stroke associated with higher rates of mortality.Currently,no effective drug treatment is available for ICH.The molecular pathways following ICH are complicated and diverse.Nucleic acid therapeutics such as gene knockdown by small interfering RNAs(siRNAs)have been developed in recent years to modulate ICH’s destructive pathways and mitigate its outcomes.However,siRNAs delivery to the central nervous system is challenging and faces many roadblocks.Existing barriers to systemic delivery of siRNA limit the use of naked siRNA;therefore,siRNA-vectors developed to protect and deliver these therapies into the specific-target areas of the brain,or cell types seem quite promising.Efficient delivery of siRNA via nanoparticles emerged as a viable and effective alternative therapeutic tool for central nervous system-related diseases.This review discusses the obstacles to siRNA delivery,including the advantages and disadvantages of viral and nonviral vectors.Additionally,we provide a comprehensive overview of recent progress in nanotherapeutics areas,primarily focusing on the delivery system of siRNA for ICH treatment.展开更多
文摘Co ronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) has affected a broad demographics,eliciting a more significant effect on specific groups such as males,African Americans,and Hispanic minorities.Treatment of COVID-19 often requires antiviral drugs or monoclonal antibodies.However,immunotherapies such as mesenchymal stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomal vesicles should be evaluated as treatment options for COVID-19.Mesenchymal stem cell thera py offe rs regenerative,anti-inflammatory,and immunomodulato ry properties that can speed up the recovery from COVID-19.Mesenchymal stem cell therapy can also benefit COVID-19 patients who suffer from stro kes,as COVID-19 increases the risk of strokes due to increased cytokines and clotting facto rs.Most stroke cases that occur in COVID-19 patients are ischemic strokes.Therefo re,with the help of mesenchymal stem cell therapy and mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes,COVID-19-induced stroke patients might benefit from dual-ended treatment.The o bjective of this review was to discuss COVID-19 and stroke incidence and the available treatment options.
基金A Scholarship supported Daniyah Almarghalani from Taif University,Saudi Arabia Cultural Missionsupported by the grants from American Heart Association#17AIREA33700076/ZAS/2017the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke of the National Institutes of Health#R01NS112642 to ZAS.
文摘Intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH)is a subtype of stroke associated with higher rates of mortality.Currently,no effective drug treatment is available for ICH.The molecular pathways following ICH are complicated and diverse.Nucleic acid therapeutics such as gene knockdown by small interfering RNAs(siRNAs)have been developed in recent years to modulate ICH’s destructive pathways and mitigate its outcomes.However,siRNAs delivery to the central nervous system is challenging and faces many roadblocks.Existing barriers to systemic delivery of siRNA limit the use of naked siRNA;therefore,siRNA-vectors developed to protect and deliver these therapies into the specific-target areas of the brain,or cell types seem quite promising.Efficient delivery of siRNA via nanoparticles emerged as a viable and effective alternative therapeutic tool for central nervous system-related diseases.This review discusses the obstacles to siRNA delivery,including the advantages and disadvantages of viral and nonviral vectors.Additionally,we provide a comprehensive overview of recent progress in nanotherapeutics areas,primarily focusing on the delivery system of siRNA for ICH treatment.