Smart nanoparticles for cancer therapy

Smart nanoparticles,which can respond to biological cues or be guided by them,are emerging as a promising drug delivery platform for precise cancer treatment.The field of oncology,nanotechnology,and biomedicine has witnessed rapid progress,leading to innovative developments in smart nanoparticles for safer and more effective cancer therapy.In this review,we will highlight recent advancements in smart nanoparticles,including polymeric nanoparticles,dendrimers,micelles,liposomes,protein nanoparticles,cell membrane nanoparticles,mesoporous silica nanoparticles,gold nanoparticles,iron oxide nanoparticles,quantum dots,carbon nanotubes,black phosphorus,MOF nanoparticles,and others.We will focus on their classification,structures,synthesis,and intelligent features.These smart nanoparticles possess the ability to respond to various external and internal stimuli,such as enzymes,pH,temperature,optics,and magnetism,making them intelligent systems.Additionally,this review will explore the latest studies on tumor targeting by functionalizing the surfaces of smart nanoparticles with tumor-specific ligands like antibodies,peptides,transferrin,and folic acid.We will also summarize different types of drug delivery options,including small molecules,peptides,proteins,nucleic acids,and even living cells,for their potential use in cancer therapy.While the potential of smart nanoparticles is promising,we will also acknowledge the challenges and clinical prospects associated with their use.Finally,we will propose a blueprint that involves the use of artificial intelligence-powered nanoparticles in cancer treatment applications.By harnessing the potential of smart nanoparticles,this review aims to usher in a new era of precise and personalized cancer therapy,providing patients with individualized treatment options.

生物炭与膨润土对镉吸附性能比较

比较了松木生物炭(PN-B)、花生壳生物炭(PT-B)及膨润土(Bent)对镉的吸附能力及机理,模拟其吸附等温模型和吸附动力学,并讨论pH、初始投加量对实验的影响,对吸附前后的吸附剂进行电镜扫描、傅里叶红外光谱及X射线衍射分析,探讨其吸附机理。结果表明:2种生物炭和膨润土对Cd 2+的吸附都符合Freundlich模型;3种材料吸附动力学均符合标准二级反应动力学方程;其中pH=6、投加量为0.1g时吸附效果最高,PN-B、Bent、PT-B最大吸附量及最大吸附率分别为16.56 mg/g(95%)、15.07 mg/g(91.06%)、15.52 mg/g(89.4%);生物炭对Cd 2+的吸附机理主要为—OH、—C O及—CH 2与Cd 2+发生表面吸附、离子交换和络合反应共同作用,膨润土对Cd 2+的吸附机理主要为离子交换反应。研究表明,松木生物炭对镉的吸附效果最好。