Recently, several digital watermarking techniques have been proposed for hiding data in the frequency domain of moving image files to protect their copyrights. However, in order to detect the water marking sufficientl...Recently, several digital watermarking techniques have been proposed for hiding data in the frequency domain of moving image files to protect their copyrights. However, in order to detect the water marking sufficiently after heavy compression, it is necessary to insert the watermarking with strong intensity into a moving image, and this results in visible deterioration of the moving image. We previously proposed an authentication method using a discrete wavelet transform for a digital static image file. In contrast to digital watermarking, no additional information is inserted into the original static image in the previously proposed method, and the image is authenticated by features extracted by the wavelet transform and characteristic coding. In the present study, we developed an authentication method for a moving image by using the previously proposed method for astatic image and a newly proposed method for selecting several frames in the moving image. No additional information is inserted into the original moving image by the newly proposed method or into the original static image by the previously proposed method. The experimental results show that the proposed method has a high tolerance of authentication to both compressions and vicious attacks.展开更多
BACKGROUND Neuropathic pain management should aim at improving quality of life and daily living activities of patients;therefore,emphasis should be placed on pain management including understanding the pain patterns d...BACKGROUND Neuropathic pain management should aim at improving quality of life and daily living activities of patients;therefore,emphasis should be placed on pain management including understanding the pain patterns during daily activity.Therefore,lifestyle guidance should be based on a detailed understanding of pain;however,previous studies commonly evaluated pain intensity at a single point in time.We report a case on patient education intervention based on the relationship between pain circadian rhythms and detailed physical activity during the day.CASE SUMMARY A man in his 60s,who suffered a brachial plexus injury in a traffic accident,presented with neuropathic pain.Early assessment of the importance of daily living activities to the patient,pain rhythmicity,and physical activity,was performed.The early assessments showed that the pain intensity was lower on days when more light-intensity physical activity(LIPA)was performed,than on days when less LIPA was performed.Consequently,patient education focused on methods to decrease the pain intensity that tended to worsen in the afternoon,and encouraged behavioral changes by suggesting the patient to take walks,which could be used to maintain LIPA in the afternoon.On reassessment,the afternoon LIPA,which had been the focus of attention,had increased and a change was noted in the circadian rhythm of pain.CONCLUSION Patient education based on a composite assessment elicited positive results in relation to the pain circadian rhythm and physical activity.展开更多
文摘Recently, several digital watermarking techniques have been proposed for hiding data in the frequency domain of moving image files to protect their copyrights. However, in order to detect the water marking sufficiently after heavy compression, it is necessary to insert the watermarking with strong intensity into a moving image, and this results in visible deterioration of the moving image. We previously proposed an authentication method using a discrete wavelet transform for a digital static image file. In contrast to digital watermarking, no additional information is inserted into the original static image in the previously proposed method, and the image is authenticated by features extracted by the wavelet transform and characteristic coding. In the present study, we developed an authentication method for a moving image by using the previously proposed method for astatic image and a newly proposed method for selecting several frames in the moving image. No additional information is inserted into the original moving image by the newly proposed method or into the original static image by the previously proposed method. The experimental results show that the proposed method has a high tolerance of authentication to both compressions and vicious attacks.
文摘BACKGROUND Neuropathic pain management should aim at improving quality of life and daily living activities of patients;therefore,emphasis should be placed on pain management including understanding the pain patterns during daily activity.Therefore,lifestyle guidance should be based on a detailed understanding of pain;however,previous studies commonly evaluated pain intensity at a single point in time.We report a case on patient education intervention based on the relationship between pain circadian rhythms and detailed physical activity during the day.CASE SUMMARY A man in his 60s,who suffered a brachial plexus injury in a traffic accident,presented with neuropathic pain.Early assessment of the importance of daily living activities to the patient,pain rhythmicity,and physical activity,was performed.The early assessments showed that the pain intensity was lower on days when more light-intensity physical activity(LIPA)was performed,than on days when less LIPA was performed.Consequently,patient education focused on methods to decrease the pain intensity that tended to worsen in the afternoon,and encouraged behavioral changes by suggesting the patient to take walks,which could be used to maintain LIPA in the afternoon.On reassessment,the afternoon LIPA,which had been the focus of attention,had increased and a change was noted in the circadian rhythm of pain.CONCLUSION Patient education based on a composite assessment elicited positive results in relation to the pain circadian rhythm and physical activity.
