Shear-sliding mode(mode Ⅱ)fracture of rocks is a vital failure form in deep underground engineering.To gain deep insight into the anisotropic shear fracture behaviors of a typical shale under high normal stress condi...Shear-sliding mode(mode Ⅱ)fracture of rocks is a vital failure form in deep underground engineering.To gain deep insight into the anisotropic shear fracture behaviors of a typical shale under high normal stress conditions,a series of direct shear tests were conducted on double-notched specimens in three typical bedding orientations(i.e.,the arrester,divider,short-transverse orientations)and under five normal stresses.The modeⅡfracture toughness(K_(Ⅱc))is found to exhibit a significant 3D anisotropy.The maximum K_(Ⅱc)is obtained in the divider orientation,followed by those in the arrester and short-transverse orientations.In contrast,the 3D anisotropy in the critical modeⅡenergy release rate(G_(Ⅱc))is not as significant as that in K_(Ⅱc),and G_(Ⅱc)in the arrester orientation is quite close to that in the divider orientation.The anisotropy in the prepeak input energy accumulated during shearing is found to be exactly consistent with that in G_(Ⅱc),which has not been noted before.Furthermore,the anisotropies in the modeⅡfracture resistances will,unexpectedly,not be weakened by the high normal stress.Owing to the layered structures,tensile cracks are involved during the modeⅡfracture process,resulting in the formation of rough fracture surfaces.展开更多
目的观察针刺联合癫痫促效方治疗儿童癫痫的临床疗效及对患者脑电图和智力水平的影响。方法将80例儿童癫痫患者随机分为对照组(40例)和研究组(40例)。对照组予常规抗癫痫治疗,研究组在对照组治疗基础上予针刺联合癫痫促效方治疗。比较...目的观察针刺联合癫痫促效方治疗儿童癫痫的临床疗效及对患者脑电图和智力水平的影响。方法将80例儿童癫痫患者随机分为对照组(40例)和研究组(40例)。对照组予常规抗癫痫治疗,研究组在对照组治疗基础上予针刺联合癫痫促效方治疗。比较两组临床疗效、脑电图改善率和不良反应发生率,观察两组治疗前后癫痫发作情况(发作频次和症状持续时间)、中医证候积分、简易精神状态检查量表(mini-mental state examination,MMSE)评分和韦氏儿童智力量表中文修订版(Wechsler intelligence scale for children-revised in China,WLSC-CR)评分的变化,观察两组治疗前后血清炎症因子和认知功能损害相关指标水平的变化。结果研究组总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05),脑电图改善率高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗1个月后和治疗后,研究组癫痫发作频次低于对照组(P<0.05),症状持续时间短于对照组(P<0.05),中医证候积分低于对照组(P<0.05),WLSC-CR评分中总智商、语言智商和操作智商评分均高于对照组(P<0.05),MMSE评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗1个月后和治疗后,研究组血清丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、白介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、白介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、高迁移率族蛋白B1(high mobility group box-1,HMGB1)和基质金属蛋白酶-9(matrix metalloprotein-9,MMP-9)水平均低于对照组(P<0.05),血清超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)和水通道蛋白4(aquaporin 4,AQP4)水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在常规抗癫痫治疗基础上,针刺联合癫痫促效方治疗儿童癫痫可提高临床疗效,降低癫痫发作频率,缩短癫痫发作时间,改善脑电图,提高患者智力水平,下调炎症反应和应激反应。展开更多
基金Project(12172240)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2021YFH0030)supported by the Science&Technology Department of Sichuan Province,China。
文摘Shear-sliding mode(mode Ⅱ)fracture of rocks is a vital failure form in deep underground engineering.To gain deep insight into the anisotropic shear fracture behaviors of a typical shale under high normal stress conditions,a series of direct shear tests were conducted on double-notched specimens in three typical bedding orientations(i.e.,the arrester,divider,short-transverse orientations)and under five normal stresses.The modeⅡfracture toughness(K_(Ⅱc))is found to exhibit a significant 3D anisotropy.The maximum K_(Ⅱc)is obtained in the divider orientation,followed by those in the arrester and short-transverse orientations.In contrast,the 3D anisotropy in the critical modeⅡenergy release rate(G_(Ⅱc))is not as significant as that in K_(Ⅱc),and G_(Ⅱc)in the arrester orientation is quite close to that in the divider orientation.The anisotropy in the prepeak input energy accumulated during shearing is found to be exactly consistent with that in G_(Ⅱc),which has not been noted before.Furthermore,the anisotropies in the modeⅡfracture resistances will,unexpectedly,not be weakened by the high normal stress.Owing to the layered structures,tensile cracks are involved during the modeⅡfracture process,resulting in the formation of rough fracture surfaces.
文摘目的观察针刺联合癫痫促效方治疗儿童癫痫的临床疗效及对患者脑电图和智力水平的影响。方法将80例儿童癫痫患者随机分为对照组(40例)和研究组(40例)。对照组予常规抗癫痫治疗,研究组在对照组治疗基础上予针刺联合癫痫促效方治疗。比较两组临床疗效、脑电图改善率和不良反应发生率,观察两组治疗前后癫痫发作情况(发作频次和症状持续时间)、中医证候积分、简易精神状态检查量表(mini-mental state examination,MMSE)评分和韦氏儿童智力量表中文修订版(Wechsler intelligence scale for children-revised in China,WLSC-CR)评分的变化,观察两组治疗前后血清炎症因子和认知功能损害相关指标水平的变化。结果研究组总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05),脑电图改善率高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗1个月后和治疗后,研究组癫痫发作频次低于对照组(P<0.05),症状持续时间短于对照组(P<0.05),中医证候积分低于对照组(P<0.05),WLSC-CR评分中总智商、语言智商和操作智商评分均高于对照组(P<0.05),MMSE评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗1个月后和治疗后,研究组血清丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、白介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、白介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、高迁移率族蛋白B1(high mobility group box-1,HMGB1)和基质金属蛋白酶-9(matrix metalloprotein-9,MMP-9)水平均低于对照组(P<0.05),血清超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)和水通道蛋白4(aquaporin 4,AQP4)水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在常规抗癫痫治疗基础上,针刺联合癫痫促效方治疗儿童癫痫可提高临床疗效,降低癫痫发作频率,缩短癫痫发作时间,改善脑电图,提高患者智力水平,下调炎症反应和应激反应。
