The changes of blood perfusion and oxygen transport in tumors during tumor vascular normalization are studied with 3-dimensional mathematical modeling and numerical simulation. The models of tumor angiogenesis and vas...The changes of blood perfusion and oxygen transport in tumors during tumor vascular normalization are studied with 3-dimensional mathematical modeling and numerical simulation. The models of tumor angiogenesis and vascular-disrupting are used to simulate "un-normalized" and "normalized" vasculatures. A new model combining tumor hemodynamics and oxygen transport is developed. In this model, the intravasculartransvascular-interstitial flow with red blood cell(RBC) delivery is tightly coupled, and the oxygen resource is produced by heterogeneous distribution of hematocrit from the flow simulation. The results show that both tumor blood perfusion and hematocrit in the vessels increase, and the hypoxia microenvironment in the tumor center is greatly improved during vascular normalization. The total oxygen content inside the tumor tissue increases by about 67%, 51%, and 95% for the three approaches of vascular normalization,respectively. The elevation of oxygen concentration in tumors can improve its metabolic environment, and consequently reduce malignancy of tumor cells. It can also enhance radiation and chemotherapeutics to tumors.展开更多
To enhance device performance and reduce fabrication cost,a series of electron transporting material(ETM)-free perovskite solar cells(PSCs)is developed by TCAD Atlas.The accuracy of the physical mode of PSCs is verifi...To enhance device performance and reduce fabrication cost,a series of electron transporting material(ETM)-free perovskite solar cells(PSCs)is developed by TCAD Atlas.The accuracy of the physical mode of PSCs is verified,due to the simulations of PEDOT:PSS-CH_(3)NH_(3)PbI_(3)-PCBM and CuSCN-CH_(3)NH_(3)PbI_(3)-PCBM p-i-n PSCs showing a good agreement with experimental results.Different hole transporting materials(HTMs)are selected and directly combined with n-CH_(3)NH_(3)PbI_(3),and the CuSCN-CH_(3)NH_(3)PbI_(3) is the best in these ETM-free PSCs.To further study the CuSCN-CH_(3)NH_(3)PbI_(3) PSC,the influences of back electrode material,gradient band gap,thickness,doping concentration,and bulk defect density on the performance are investigated.Energy band and distribution of electric field are utilized to optimize the design.As a result,the efficiency of CuSCN-CH_(3)NH_(3)PbI_(3) PSC is achieved to be 26.64%.This study provides the guideline for designing and improving the performances of ETM-free PSCs.展开更多
For potential military applications, a flexible metamaterial absorber(MMA) working on whole K-bands with totalthickness of 3.367 mm, ultra-broadband, polarization-insensitive, and wide-angle stability is presented bas...For potential military applications, a flexible metamaterial absorber(MMA) working on whole K-bands with totalthickness of 3.367 mm, ultra-broadband, polarization-insensitive, and wide-angle stability is presented based on frequencyselective surface(FSS). The absorber is composed of polyvinyl chloride(PVC) layer, polyimide(PI) layer, and poly tetra fluoro ethylene(PTFE) layer, with a sandwich structure of PVC–PI–PTFE–metal plate. Periodic conductive patterns play a crucial role in the absorber, and in traditional, it is designed on the upper surface of PI layer to form LC resonance. Different from commonly absorber, all the patterns are located on the lower surface of the PI layer in this work, and hence the impedance matching and absorptivity are improved in this purposed absorber. The flexible absorber with patterns on lower surface of the PI layer is compared with that on upper surface of the PI layer, the difference and the reasons are explained by absorption mechanism based on equivalent circuit model, and surface current density and electric field distribution are used to analyze resonance peaks. Absorptivity is greater than 90% in a frequency range of 10.47 GHz–45.44 GHz with relative bandwidth of 125.1%, covering the whole Ku, K, Ka, and some of X, U bands, especially containing the whole K bands from 12 GHz to 40 GHz. Radar cross section(RCS) is reduced at least 10 dB in 11.48 GHz–43.87 GHz frequency ranges,and absorption remained about 90% when the incident angle changed from 0°to 55°. The purposed absorber is fabricated,measured, and experiment results show good agreement with theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. After bonded on outer surface of different cylinders with diameters of 200 mm and 100 mm, the absorption of MMA is approximately reduced 10% and 20% respectively, which shows good conformal character with surface of various curvatures. Due to the attractive performance on strong absorption in the whole K-bands, flexible and easy conformal, our design exhibits broad potential application in radar stealth and sensors.展开更多
This study investigated the morphologies of the intermetallic compounds(IMC)formed during soldering reaction between Sn_(1.0)Ag_(0.7)Cu-1.0SnO_(2) composite solder and Cu substrate at various temperatures.The prismtyp...This study investigated the morphologies of the intermetallic compounds(IMC)formed during soldering reaction between Sn_(1.0)Ag_(0.7)Cu-1.0SnO_(2) composite solder and Cu substrate at various temperatures.The prismtype Cu_(6)Sn_(5) forms when the soldering temperature is 260or 2800C,while those grains transform from prism type to scallop type at the temperatures of 300 and 320℃.It can be found that the morphologies of Cu6Sn5 grains affect adsorption of Ag_(3)Sn nanoparticles during soldering reaction.The scallop-type grains with a higher growth rate need to adsorb large amounts of Ag_(3)Sn particles.In terms of mechanical behavior,the shear strength of solder joint is improved from 40 to 46 MPa at soldering temperature of 300℃.In addition,the thickness of IMC increases with the extension of aging time.During aging,the morphology of Cu6Sn5 grains remains scallop type,but the number of Ag_(3)Sn nanoparticles is reduced largely.The scallop-type Cu^(6)Sn_(5) can increase in size and flatten in morphology with the aging time increasing.展开更多
Cancer invasion in tissue is simultaneously regulated by chemical and mechanical cues.Evidences suggest that interstitial flow plays a critical role in tumor metastasis.On one hand,the distribution of chemokines aroun...Cancer invasion in tissue is simultaneously regulated by chemical and mechanical cues.Evidences suggest that interstitial flow plays a critical role in tumor metastasis.On one hand,the distribution of chemokines around cell is influenced by flow.On the other hand,interstitial flow may reconfigure the alignment of fiber matrix,which greatly changes the contact force between cell and extracellular matrix.In this study,we have upgraded a model by which we can quantitatively investigate the influence of flow on tumor cell migration.A hydrodynamic analysis of shear stress on a slender body is introduced to simulate the fiber realignment.Factors such as subtle flow and cell-matrix interaction which dominate tumor migration are integrated in this novel model.Simulation results show interstitial flow facilitates tumor cell migration in the flow direction.Moreover,the flow-related chemical and mechanical cues have a synergistic effect on the migration.This model provides better understanding on cancer metastasis and helps design vitro experiment precisely.展开更多
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and repeated outbreaks of coronavirus epidemics in the past two decades emphasize the need for next-generation pan-coronaviral therapeutics.Drugging the multi-functional...The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and repeated outbreaks of coronavirus epidemics in the past two decades emphasize the need for next-generation pan-coronaviral therapeutics.Drugging the multi-functional papain-like protease(PLpro)domain of the viral nsp3 holds promise.However,none of the known coronavirus PLpro inhibitors has been shown to be in vivo active.Herein,we screened a structurally diverse library of 50,080 compounds for potential coronavirus PLpro inhibitors and identified a noncovalent lead inhibitor F0213 that has broad-spectrum anti-coronaviral activity,including against the Sarbecoviruses(SARSCoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2),Merbecovirus(MERS-CoV),as well as the Alphacoronavirus(hCoV-229E and hCoVOC43).Importantly,F0213 confers protection in both SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters and MERS-CoV-infected human DPP4-knockin mice.F0213 possesses a dual therapeutic functionality that suppresses coronavirus replication via blocking viral polyprotein cleavage,as well as promoting antiviral immunity by antagonizing the PLpro deubiquitinase activity.Despite the significant difference of substrate recognition,mode of inhibition studies suggest that F0213 is a competitive inhibitor against SARS2-PLpro via binding with the 157K amino acid residue,whereas an allosteric inhibitor of MERSPLpro interacting with its 271E position.Our proof-ofconcept findings demonstrated that PLpro is a valid target for the development of broad-spectrum anticoronavirus agents.The orally administered F0213 may serve as a promising lead compound for combating the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and future coronavirus outbreaks.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11102113 and81301816)the New Teachers Start Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University+1 种基金the Chenxing Young Scholars Program B of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(No.13X100010070)the Natural Science Research Foundation of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine(No.13XJ10037)
文摘The changes of blood perfusion and oxygen transport in tumors during tumor vascular normalization are studied with 3-dimensional mathematical modeling and numerical simulation. The models of tumor angiogenesis and vascular-disrupting are used to simulate "un-normalized" and "normalized" vasculatures. A new model combining tumor hemodynamics and oxygen transport is developed. In this model, the intravasculartransvascular-interstitial flow with red blood cell(RBC) delivery is tightly coupled, and the oxygen resource is produced by heterogeneous distribution of hematocrit from the flow simulation. The results show that both tumor blood perfusion and hematocrit in the vessels increase, and the hypoxia microenvironment in the tumor center is greatly improved during vascular normalization. The total oxygen content inside the tumor tissue increases by about 67%, 51%, and 95% for the three approaches of vascular normalization,respectively. The elevation of oxygen concentration in tumors can improve its metabolic environment, and consequently reduce malignancy of tumor cells. It can also enhance radiation and chemotherapeutics to tumors.
基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(Grant No.JD2020JGPY0010)the China Post-Doctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2020M671834).
文摘To enhance device performance and reduce fabrication cost,a series of electron transporting material(ETM)-free perovskite solar cells(PSCs)is developed by TCAD Atlas.The accuracy of the physical mode of PSCs is verified,due to the simulations of PEDOT:PSS-CH_(3)NH_(3)PbI_(3)-PCBM and CuSCN-CH_(3)NH_(3)PbI_(3)-PCBM p-i-n PSCs showing a good agreement with experimental results.Different hole transporting materials(HTMs)are selected and directly combined with n-CH_(3)NH_(3)PbI_(3),and the CuSCN-CH_(3)NH_(3)PbI_(3) is the best in these ETM-free PSCs.To further study the CuSCN-CH_(3)NH_(3)PbI_(3) PSC,the influences of back electrode material,gradient band gap,thickness,doping concentration,and bulk defect density on the performance are investigated.Energy band and distribution of electric field are utilized to optimize the design.As a result,the efficiency of CuSCN-CH_(3)NH_(3)PbI_(3) PSC is achieved to be 26.64%.This study provides the guideline for designing and improving the performances of ETM-free PSCs.
基金Project supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (Grant No. JD2020JGPY0010)the China Post-doctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2020M671834)the Anhui Province Post-doctoral Science Foundation, China (Grant No. 2020A397)。
文摘For potential military applications, a flexible metamaterial absorber(MMA) working on whole K-bands with totalthickness of 3.367 mm, ultra-broadband, polarization-insensitive, and wide-angle stability is presented based on frequencyselective surface(FSS). The absorber is composed of polyvinyl chloride(PVC) layer, polyimide(PI) layer, and poly tetra fluoro ethylene(PTFE) layer, with a sandwich structure of PVC–PI–PTFE–metal plate. Periodic conductive patterns play a crucial role in the absorber, and in traditional, it is designed on the upper surface of PI layer to form LC resonance. Different from commonly absorber, all the patterns are located on the lower surface of the PI layer in this work, and hence the impedance matching and absorptivity are improved in this purposed absorber. The flexible absorber with patterns on lower surface of the PI layer is compared with that on upper surface of the PI layer, the difference and the reasons are explained by absorption mechanism based on equivalent circuit model, and surface current density and electric field distribution are used to analyze resonance peaks. Absorptivity is greater than 90% in a frequency range of 10.47 GHz–45.44 GHz with relative bandwidth of 125.1%, covering the whole Ku, K, Ka, and some of X, U bands, especially containing the whole K bands from 12 GHz to 40 GHz. Radar cross section(RCS) is reduced at least 10 dB in 11.48 GHz–43.87 GHz frequency ranges,and absorption remained about 90% when the incident angle changed from 0°to 55°. The purposed absorber is fabricated,measured, and experiment results show good agreement with theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. After bonded on outer surface of different cylinders with diameters of 200 mm and 100 mm, the absorption of MMA is approximately reduced 10% and 20% respectively, which shows good conformal character with surface of various curvatures. Due to the attractive performance on strong absorption in the whole K-bands, flexible and easy conformal, our design exhibits broad potential application in radar stealth and sensors.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2017XKQY007)。
文摘This study investigated the morphologies of the intermetallic compounds(IMC)formed during soldering reaction between Sn_(1.0)Ag_(0.7)Cu-1.0SnO_(2) composite solder and Cu substrate at various temperatures.The prismtype Cu_(6)Sn_(5) forms when the soldering temperature is 260or 2800C,while those grains transform from prism type to scallop type at the temperatures of 300 and 320℃.It can be found that the morphologies of Cu6Sn5 grains affect adsorption of Ag_(3)Sn nanoparticles during soldering reaction.The scallop-type grains with a higher growth rate need to adsorb large amounts of Ag_(3)Sn particles.In terms of mechanical behavior,the shear strength of solder joint is improved from 40 to 46 MPa at soldering temperature of 300℃.In addition,the thickness of IMC increases with the extension of aging time.During aging,the morphology of Cu6Sn5 grains remains scallop type,but the number of Ag_(3)Sn nanoparticles is reduced largely.The scallop-type Cu^(6)Sn_(5) can increase in size and flatten in morphology with the aging time increasing.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant 11672182)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(Grant 20130073110059).
文摘Cancer invasion in tissue is simultaneously regulated by chemical and mechanical cues.Evidences suggest that interstitial flow plays a critical role in tumor metastasis.On one hand,the distribution of chemokines around cell is influenced by flow.On the other hand,interstitial flow may reconfigure the alignment of fiber matrix,which greatly changes the contact force between cell and extracellular matrix.In this study,we have upgraded a model by which we can quantitatively investigate the influence of flow on tumor cell migration.A hydrodynamic analysis of shear stress on a slender body is introduced to simulate the fiber realignment.Factors such as subtle flow and cell-matrix interaction which dominate tumor migration are integrated in this novel model.Simulation results show interstitial flow facilitates tumor cell migration in the flow direction.Moreover,the flow-related chemical and mechanical cues have a synergistic effect on the migration.This model provides better understanding on cancer metastasis and helps design vitro experiment precisely.
基金partly supported by funding from Health@InnoHK,Innovation and Technology Commission,the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative RegionTheme-Based Research Scheme of the Research Grants Council(T11-709/21-N)+7 种基金the National Program on Key Research Project of China(2020YFA0707500 and 2020YFA0707504)Guangdong Natural Science Foundation(2022A1515010099)the University of Hong Kong Outstanding Young Researcher Awardthe University of Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine Research Output Prizethe High Level-Hospital Program,Health Commission of Guangdong Province,Chinathe research project of Hainan Academician Innovation Platform(YSPTZX202004)Emergency Key Program of Guangzhou Laboratory(EKPG22-01)the Swiss National Science Foundation,the National Research Programme Covid-19(No.4078P0_198290/1)。
文摘The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and repeated outbreaks of coronavirus epidemics in the past two decades emphasize the need for next-generation pan-coronaviral therapeutics.Drugging the multi-functional papain-like protease(PLpro)domain of the viral nsp3 holds promise.However,none of the known coronavirus PLpro inhibitors has been shown to be in vivo active.Herein,we screened a structurally diverse library of 50,080 compounds for potential coronavirus PLpro inhibitors and identified a noncovalent lead inhibitor F0213 that has broad-spectrum anti-coronaviral activity,including against the Sarbecoviruses(SARSCoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2),Merbecovirus(MERS-CoV),as well as the Alphacoronavirus(hCoV-229E and hCoVOC43).Importantly,F0213 confers protection in both SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters and MERS-CoV-infected human DPP4-knockin mice.F0213 possesses a dual therapeutic functionality that suppresses coronavirus replication via blocking viral polyprotein cleavage,as well as promoting antiviral immunity by antagonizing the PLpro deubiquitinase activity.Despite the significant difference of substrate recognition,mode of inhibition studies suggest that F0213 is a competitive inhibitor against SARS2-PLpro via binding with the 157K amino acid residue,whereas an allosteric inhibitor of MERSPLpro interacting with its 271E position.Our proof-ofconcept findings demonstrated that PLpro is a valid target for the development of broad-spectrum anticoronavirus agents.The orally administered F0213 may serve as a promising lead compound for combating the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and future coronavirus outbreaks.