Neuroprotective effect of mesenchymal stem cellderived extracellular vesicles on optic nerve injury in chronic ocular hypertension

Mesenchymal stem cells have neuroprotective effects that limit damage to the retina and photoreceptors,and which may be mediated by extracellular vesicles(or exosomes)released by mesenchymal stem cells.To investigate the neuroprotective effect of extracellular vesicles derived from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on glaucoma,we established rat models of chronic ocular hypertension by injecting conjunctival fibroblasts into the anterior chamber to mimic optic nerve injury caused by glaucoma.One week after injury,extracellular vesicles derived from umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells were injected into the vitreous cavity.We found that extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells substantially reduced retinal damage,increased the number of retinal ganglion cells,and inhibited the activation of caspase-3.These findings suggest that mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles can help alleviate optic nerve injury caused by chronic ocular hypertension,and this effect is achieved by inhibiting cell apoptosis.

Safety profile of 0.0015%tafluprost eye drops in China:a post-marketing observational study

AIM:To investigate the treatment pattern and safety of tafluprost for glaucoma and ocular hypertension(OH)in clinical practice in China.METHODS:This post-marketing observational study included patients who received tafluprost to lower intraocular pressure(IOP)within 30d between September 2017 and March 2020 in 20 hospitals in China.Adverse drug reactions(ADRs)during tafluprost treatment and within 30d after the treatment were collected.RESULTS:A total of 2544 patients were included in this study,of them 58.5%(1488/2544)had primary open angle glaucoma(POAG),21.9%(556/2544)had OH and 19.7%(500/2544)used tafluprost for other reasons.Of 359 ADRs occurred in 10.1%(258/2544)patients,and no serious adverse event occurred.The most common ADR was conjunctival hyperemia(128 ADRs in 124 patients,4.9%).Totally 1670 participants(65.6%)combined tafluprost with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors(CAIs;37.1%,620/1670),sympathomimetics(33.5%,559/1670),β-blockers(33.2%,555/1670),other prostaglandin analogs(PGAs;15.6%,260/1670)and other eye drops(15.1%,253/1670).The highest incidence of conjunctival hyperemia was noted in patients who received tafluprost in combination with other PGAs(23 ADRs in 23 patients,8.8%,23/260)and the lowest was in combination with CAIs(16 ADRs in 16 patients,2.6%,16/620).Tafluprost was applied in primary angle-closure glaucoma(41.6%,208/500),after glaucoma surgery(17.8%,89/500)and after non-glaucoma surgery(15.8%,79/500).CONCLUSION:Tafluprost is safe for POAG and OH,and tolerable when combined with other eye drops and under various clinical circumstances.