Slope length and slope steepness are critical topographic factors(L and S)in the Universal Soil Loss Equation(USLE)and Chinese Soil Loss Equation(CSLE)for soil erosion modelling.Both slope length and slope gradient ar...Slope length and slope steepness are critical topographic factors(L and S)in the Universal Soil Loss Equation(USLE)and Chinese Soil Loss Equation(CSLE)for soil erosion modelling.Both slope length and slope gradient are potentially sensitive to spatial resolution when calculated in a GIS framework.The resolution effect on the LS factor and approaches suitable for improving the LS factor at a coarse resolution have not been well identified.To address this problem,the LS factor at 5-m and 30-m resolution in twenty-four watersheds with various terrains was estimated.And a downscale model based on matching of the lower resolution LS cumulative frequency curves to a higher resolution("Histogram Matching"method)was tested for its potential to improve LS factor estimation accuracy.In the larger relief mountainous area,compared to 5-m resolution,the 30-m resolution generated LS was generally overestimated by more than 20%and in lower relief areas underestimated by more than 15%.This bias is less than 10%in medium relief areas.The downscale model improved LS factor estimates compared to the 30-m resolution estimate by more than 10%when comparing frequency distribution curves and more than 20%in mean values in larger relief areas.The downscale model worked well in all regions except for the low relief areas,which intuitively are the low soil erosion potential areas.The results of this research help quantify the uncertainty in soil erosion estimates and may ultimately help to improve the assessment of soil erosion through its impact on LS factor estimates,especially at regional and global scales.展开更多
More frequent extreme rainfall events associated with global climate change cause greater challenges for soil conservation.Severe erosion occurs on many unpaved roads since these structures create important water flow...More frequent extreme rainfall events associated with global climate change cause greater challenges for soil conservation.Severe erosion occurs on many unpaved roads since these structures create important water flow paths during heavy storms.The present research aimed to investigate the intensity and influencing factors of unpaved road erosion under varied land use and management conditions(sloping cropland,terraced cropland,forest&grass).The erosion occurred in the watersheds contributing runoff water to roads after the greatest rainfall event recorded in the mountain area of northern China caused by Typhon Lekima.The research was conducted in an agricultural-forest-dominated watershed based on field investigation and UAV-based image analysis.A road erosion level classification standard was given according to the occurrence of rills,ephemeral gullies,and gullies.Significant erosion happened on 67% of the unpaved roads;42% of them suffered moderate to severe erosion in which ephemeral gullies or gullies developed.The average erosion amount from these roads was 2280.75 t ha-1 and was significantly influenced by the watershed land use type and management.The dominant factor governing unpaved road erosion associated with terraced cropland was vegetation coverage on roads.Drainage area was the most important factor for road erosion in sloping cropland and forest&grass land,and road gradient was also a critical factor.Terraces,and forest&grass in drainage areas significantly reduced unpaved road erosion by 85%and,47%,respectively,compared to sloping cropland.More integrated measures should be used to prevent unpaved road erosion.The results of this research can be applied to road protection against erosion in heavy storms.展开更多
This special issue on soil erosion assessment,tools and data creation,consolidation and harmonization presents advances in soil erosion research with a focus on new tools that are being used to assess soil erosion rat...This special issue on soil erosion assessment,tools and data creation,consolidation and harmonization presents advances in soil erosion research with a focus on new tools that are being used to assess soil erosion rates.This publication includes eleven selected contributions presented at the Global Symposium on Soil Erosion(GSER,15-17 May 2019,Rome,Italy)dealing with erosion indicators'improvement,the use of remote sensing,nuclear techniques and geochemical fingerprinting as promising methods to assess soil losses,management practices that reduce soil erosion in vineyards and olive groves plantations and their modelling,and national and regional erosion assessments.展开更多
The soil erosion research and soil and water conservation global community lost a treasured member on November 20,2020,when Dr.John Matthew Laflen(Fig.1)died.Always one with a friendly welcoming smile,John had hundred...The soil erosion research and soil and water conservation global community lost a treasured member on November 20,2020,when Dr.John Matthew Laflen(Fig.1)died.Always one with a friendly welcoming smile,John had hundreds of friends,both personally and professionally throughout the world.This article includes many of his professional and scientific contributions,and impacts from his research and outreach activities.展开更多
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Grant No.XDA20040202SKL Foundation Grant No.A314021402-1718+1 种基金Na tional Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant No.41977062,41601290,41771315,41930102Program for Key Science and Technology Innovation Team in Shaanxi Province,Grant No.2014KCT-27
文摘Slope length and slope steepness are critical topographic factors(L and S)in the Universal Soil Loss Equation(USLE)and Chinese Soil Loss Equation(CSLE)for soil erosion modelling.Both slope length and slope gradient are potentially sensitive to spatial resolution when calculated in a GIS framework.The resolution effect on the LS factor and approaches suitable for improving the LS factor at a coarse resolution have not been well identified.To address this problem,the LS factor at 5-m and 30-m resolution in twenty-four watersheds with various terrains was estimated.And a downscale model based on matching of the lower resolution LS cumulative frequency curves to a higher resolution("Histogram Matching"method)was tested for its potential to improve LS factor estimation accuracy.In the larger relief mountainous area,compared to 5-m resolution,the 30-m resolution generated LS was generally overestimated by more than 20%and in lower relief areas underestimated by more than 15%.This bias is less than 10%in medium relief areas.The downscale model improved LS factor estimates compared to the 30-m resolution estimate by more than 10%when comparing frequency distribution curves and more than 20%in mean values in larger relief areas.The downscale model worked well in all regions except for the low relief areas,which intuitively are the low soil erosion potential areas.The results of this research help quantify the uncertainty in soil erosion estimates and may ultimately help to improve the assessment of soil erosion through its impact on LS factor estimates,especially at regional and global scales.
基金This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant No.41977062,SKL Foundation Grant No.A314021402-2016the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Grant No.XDA20040202Program for Key Science and Technology Innovation Team in Shaanxi Province,Grant No.2014KCT-27.
文摘More frequent extreme rainfall events associated with global climate change cause greater challenges for soil conservation.Severe erosion occurs on many unpaved roads since these structures create important water flow paths during heavy storms.The present research aimed to investigate the intensity and influencing factors of unpaved road erosion under varied land use and management conditions(sloping cropland,terraced cropland,forest&grass).The erosion occurred in the watersheds contributing runoff water to roads after the greatest rainfall event recorded in the mountain area of northern China caused by Typhon Lekima.The research was conducted in an agricultural-forest-dominated watershed based on field investigation and UAV-based image analysis.A road erosion level classification standard was given according to the occurrence of rills,ephemeral gullies,and gullies.Significant erosion happened on 67% of the unpaved roads;42% of them suffered moderate to severe erosion in which ephemeral gullies or gullies developed.The average erosion amount from these roads was 2280.75 t ha-1 and was significantly influenced by the watershed land use type and management.The dominant factor governing unpaved road erosion associated with terraced cropland was vegetation coverage on roads.Drainage area was the most important factor for road erosion in sloping cropland and forest&grass land,and road gradient was also a critical factor.Terraces,and forest&grass in drainage areas significantly reduced unpaved road erosion by 85%and,47%,respectively,compared to sloping cropland.More integrated measures should be used to prevent unpaved road erosion.The results of this research can be applied to road protection against erosion in heavy storms.
文摘This special issue on soil erosion assessment,tools and data creation,consolidation and harmonization presents advances in soil erosion research with a focus on new tools that are being used to assess soil erosion rates.This publication includes eleven selected contributions presented at the Global Symposium on Soil Erosion(GSER,15-17 May 2019,Rome,Italy)dealing with erosion indicators'improvement,the use of remote sensing,nuclear techniques and geochemical fingerprinting as promising methods to assess soil losses,management practices that reduce soil erosion in vineyards and olive groves plantations and their modelling,and national and regional erosion assessments.
文摘The soil erosion research and soil and water conservation global community lost a treasured member on November 20,2020,when Dr.John Matthew Laflen(Fig.1)died.Always one with a friendly welcoming smile,John had hundreds of friends,both personally and professionally throughout the world.This article includes many of his professional and scientific contributions,and impacts from his research and outreach activities.