儿童和青少年的行为障碍

行为障碍是指反复出现反社会行为且持续至少6个月的情况。在少儿，临床表现主要是明显的超出正常范围的负面行为，例如反抗、敌视、易激惹(因此称为“对立-反抗障碍”)。在年龄稍大的群体中．可以看到一些偷盗、逃学、打架、撒谎、离家出走的行为，在最严重的病例，可出现放火、虐待小动物及其他儿童的情况。

儿童情感障碍

尽管存在交叉，儿童的情感障碍仍可划分为许多独立的综合征。

儿童和青少年精神障碍的评估

儿童和青少年精神障碍的评估(表1)重点讨论4个关键问题。

Behavioural disorders in children and adolescents

Conduct disorders Conduct disorders are characterized by repetitive antisocial behaviour that lasts for at least 6 months. In young children, the clinical picture is dominated by markedly oppositional behaviour such as defiance, hostility and disruptiveness that is clearly outside the normal range(so-called 'oppositional-defiant disorder') . In older age groups, behaviours such as stealing,

Assessment of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders

Assessment of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders (Figure 1)focuses on four key questions.

儿童行为障碍

品行障碍的特征是至少持续6个月以上的反复发作的反社会行为。在年龄较小的儿童中，临床主要表现为明显超出其年龄范围的显著的反抗行为如挑衅、敌意和破坏行为。在年龄稍大的儿童中则可见偷窃、逃学、打架、撒谎和离家出走等行为。最严重的病例还有纵火或虐待动物或其他儿童的行为。品行障碍患者通常与同龄人关系差有关，但有时也见于平常与同龄人相处和谐的儿童。

Emotional disorders in children and adolescents

Emotional problems in children and adolescents may be grouped into distinct syndromes, though there is overlap between them.

儿童和青少年的情感障碍

儿童和青少年的情感障碍可以分为不同的综合征，尽管它们之间可能存在重叠。