Propelled by urbanization,rising incomes,and changing diets,food markets have been expanding in Africa and South Asia,creating the vast potential for job and income opportunities along food supply chains and,hence,for...Propelled by urbanization,rising incomes,and changing diets,food markets have been expanding in Africa and South Asia,creating the vast potential for job and income opportunities along food supply chains and,hence,for poverty reduction.The novel coronavirus(COVID-19)that spread to a pandemic in early 2020 provokes enormous setbacks to this expansion.This,however,should provide lessons regarding the importance of resilient and inclusive food systems.Emergency responses to COVID-19 should consider interventions towards that end and leverage the opportunities provided by food markets growth as economies recover from the present economic recession.This paper assesses options of how this could be done by facilitating the better functioning and interconnectedness of the many small and medium-sized enterprises that are proliferating along the"hidden middle"of food value chains in storage,logistics,transportation,and wholesale and retail distribution.It also explores how policies can help smallholder farmers connect to this"hidden middle"in more gainful ways and help them climb out of poverty as well.展开更多
我们中国能贡献的学习表演一有序全球用政策的一个包裹重新平衡刺激它的国内消费。这些政策包括对 RMB，由在教育上增加开销的财政刺激，护理，社会安全网络和贫穷的进步欣赏减小，减少不平等并且加强工资收入的收入政策，和改进金融效...我们中国能贡献的学习表演一有序全球用政策的一个包裹重新平衡刺激它的国内消费。这些政策包括对 RMB，由在教育上增加开销的财政刺激，护理，社会安全网络和贫穷的进步欣赏减小，减少不平等并且加强工资收入的收入政策，和改进金融效率并且减轻金融限制的金融系统的改革。由实现如此的政策，中国的外部剩余能被缩小，它的国内不平衡改善了。过分地高的积蓄率能被降低，家庭消费的份额增加了，尽管 GDP 生长将稍微节制。展开更多
基金supported by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research(CGIAR)research program on Policies,Institutions and Markets(PIM)Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations。
文摘Propelled by urbanization,rising incomes,and changing diets,food markets have been expanding in Africa and South Asia,creating the vast potential for job and income opportunities along food supply chains and,hence,for poverty reduction.The novel coronavirus(COVID-19)that spread to a pandemic in early 2020 provokes enormous setbacks to this expansion.This,however,should provide lessons regarding the importance of resilient and inclusive food systems.Emergency responses to COVID-19 should consider interventions towards that end and leverage the opportunities provided by food markets growth as economies recover from the present economic recession.This paper assesses options of how this could be done by facilitating the better functioning and interconnectedness of the many small and medium-sized enterprises that are proliferating along the"hidden middle"of food value chains in storage,logistics,transportation,and wholesale and retail distribution.It also explores how policies can help smallholder farmers connect to this"hidden middle"in more gainful ways and help them climb out of poverty as well.
文摘我们中国能贡献的学习表演一有序全球用政策的一个包裹重新平衡刺激它的国内消费。这些政策包括对 RMB，由在教育上增加开销的财政刺激，护理，社会安全网络和贫穷的进步欣赏减小，减少不平等并且加强工资收入的收入政策，和改进金融效率并且减轻金融限制的金融系统的改革。由实现如此的政策，中国的外部剩余能被缩小，它的国内不平衡改善了。过分地高的积蓄率能被降低，家庭消费的份额增加了，尽管 GDP 生长将稍微节制。
