美国放射学院(American College of Radiology,ACR)偶发病变委员会(Incidental Findings Committee,IFC)发布了针对CT偶发性肾脏肿块的管理建议。这些建议更新了美国放射学院杂志(JACR)2010年发布的关于肾上腺、肾脏、肝脏及胰腺偶发病...美国放射学院(American College of Radiology,ACR)偶发病变委员会(Incidental Findings Committee,IFC)发布了针对CT偶发性肾脏肿块的管理建议。这些建议更新了美国放射学院杂志(JACR)2010年发布的关于肾上腺、肾脏、肝脏及胰腺偶发病变管理白皮书的肾脏部分内容。肾脏亚组委员会(包括6位腹部放射学家和1位泌尿科医师)制订这份管理流程。这些建议结合已发表的文献和专家意见,通过非正式的反复协商达成共识。文中每张流程图描述需要进一步行影像学检查、随访或转诊治疗的肾脏肿块的影像特征。我们的目的是对偶发性肾脏肿块的管理提供指导建议,从而改善医疗质量。展开更多
Increased abdominal imaging has led to an increase in the detection of the incidental small renal mass(SRM). With increasing recognition that the malignant potential of SRMs is heterogeneous, ranging from benign(15%-2...Increased abdominal imaging has led to an increase in the detection of the incidental small renal mass(SRM). With increasing recognition that the malignant potential of SRMs is heterogeneous, ranging from benign(15%-20%) to aggressive(20%), enthusiasm for more conservative management strategies in the elderly and infirmed, such as active surveillance(AS), have grown considerably. As the management of the SRM evolves to incorporate ablative techniques and AS for low risk disease, the role of renal mass biopsy(RMB) to help guide individualized therapy is evolving. Historically, the role of RMB was limited to the evaluation of suspected metastatic disease, renal abscess, or lymphoma. However, in the contemporary era, the role of biopsy has grown, most notably to identify patients who harbor benign lesions and for whom treatment, particularly the elderly or frail, may be avoided. When performing a RMB to guide initial clinical decision making for small, localized tumors, the most relevant questions are often relegated to proof of malignancy and documentation(if possible) of grade. However, significant intratumoral heterogeneity has been identified in clear cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC) that may lead to an underestimation of the genetic complexity of a tumor when single-biopsy procedures are used. Heterogeneous genomic landscapes and branched parallel evolution of ccRCCs with spatially separated subclones creates an illusion of clonal dominance when assessed by single biopsies and raises important questions regarding how tumors can be optimally sampled and whether future evolutionary tumor branches might be predictable and ultimately targetable. This work raises profound questions concerning the genetic landscape of cancer and how tumor heterogeneity may affect, and possibly confound, targeted diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. In this review, we discuss the current role of RMB, the implications of tumor heterogeneity on diagnostic accuracy, and highlight promising future directions.展开更多
文摘美国放射学院(American College of Radiology,ACR)偶发病变委员会(Incidental Findings Committee,IFC)发布了针对CT偶发性肾脏肿块的管理建议。这些建议更新了美国放射学院杂志(JACR)2010年发布的关于肾上腺、肾脏、肝脏及胰腺偶发病变管理白皮书的肾脏部分内容。肾脏亚组委员会(包括6位腹部放射学家和1位泌尿科医师)制订这份管理流程。这些建议结合已发表的文献和专家意见,通过非正式的反复协商达成共识。文中每张流程图描述需要进一步行影像学检查、随访或转诊治疗的肾脏肿块的影像特征。我们的目的是对偶发性肾脏肿块的管理提供指导建议,从而改善医疗质量。
文摘Increased abdominal imaging has led to an increase in the detection of the incidental small renal mass(SRM). With increasing recognition that the malignant potential of SRMs is heterogeneous, ranging from benign(15%-20%) to aggressive(20%), enthusiasm for more conservative management strategies in the elderly and infirmed, such as active surveillance(AS), have grown considerably. As the management of the SRM evolves to incorporate ablative techniques and AS for low risk disease, the role of renal mass biopsy(RMB) to help guide individualized therapy is evolving. Historically, the role of RMB was limited to the evaluation of suspected metastatic disease, renal abscess, or lymphoma. However, in the contemporary era, the role of biopsy has grown, most notably to identify patients who harbor benign lesions and for whom treatment, particularly the elderly or frail, may be avoided. When performing a RMB to guide initial clinical decision making for small, localized tumors, the most relevant questions are often relegated to proof of malignancy and documentation(if possible) of grade. However, significant intratumoral heterogeneity has been identified in clear cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC) that may lead to an underestimation of the genetic complexity of a tumor when single-biopsy procedures are used. Heterogeneous genomic landscapes and branched parallel evolution of ccRCCs with spatially separated subclones creates an illusion of clonal dominance when assessed by single biopsies and raises important questions regarding how tumors can be optimally sampled and whether future evolutionary tumor branches might be predictable and ultimately targetable. This work raises profound questions concerning the genetic landscape of cancer and how tumor heterogeneity may affect, and possibly confound, targeted diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. In this review, we discuss the current role of RMB, the implications of tumor heterogeneity on diagnostic accuracy, and highlight promising future directions.
