Shortly after spinal cord injury（SCI）, the musculoskeletal system undergoes detrimental changes in size and composition, predominantly below the level of injury. The loss of muscle size and strength, along with incr...Shortly after spinal cord injury（SCI）, the musculoskeletal system undergoes detrimental changes in size and composition, predominantly below the level of injury. The loss of muscle size and strength, along with increased immobility, predisposes persons with SCI to rapid and severe loss in bone mineral density and other health related consequences. Previous studies have highlighted the significance of measuring thigh muscle cross-sectional area, however, measuring the size and composition of muscles of the lower leg may provide insights on how to decrease the risk of various comorbidities. The purpose of the current review was to summarize the methodological approach to manually trace and measure the muscles of the lower leg in individuals with SCI, using magnetic resonance imaging. We also intend to highlight the significance of analyzing lower leg muscle cross-sectional area and its relationship to musculoskeletal and vascular systems in persons with SCI.展开更多
Magnetic resonance imaging is considered the ＂gold standard＂ technique for quantifying thigh muscle and fat cross-sectional area. We have developed a semi-automated technique to segment seven thigh compartments in p...Magnetic resonance imaging is considered the ＂gold standard＂ technique for quantifying thigh muscle and fat cross-sectional area. We have developed a semi-automated technique to segment seven thigh compartments in persons with spinal cord injury. Thigh magnetic resonance images from 18 men（18–50 years old） with traumatic motor-complete spinal cord injury were analyzed in a blinded fashion using the threshold technique. The cross-sectional area values acquired by thresholding were compared to the manual tracing technique. The percentage errors for thigh circumference were（threshold： 170.71 ± 38.67; manual： 169.45 ± 38.27 cm2） 0.74%, subcutaneous adipose tissue（threshold： 65.99±30.79; manual： 62.68 ± 30.22） 5.2%, whole muscle（threshold： 98.18 ± 20.19; manual： 98.20 ± 20.08 cm2） 0.13%, femoral bone（threshold： 6.53 ± 1.09; manual： 6.53 ± 1.09 cm2） 0.64%, bone marrow fat（threshold： 3.12 ± 1.12; manual： 3.1 ± 1.11 cm2） 0.36%, knee extensor（threshold： 43.98 ± 7.66; manual： 44.61 ± 7.81 cm2） 1.78% and % intramuscular fat（threshold： 10.45 ± 4.29; manual： 10.92 ± 8.35%） 0.47%. Collectively, these results suggest that the threshold technique provided a robust accuracy in measuring the seven main thigh compartments, while greatly reducing the analysis time.展开更多
基金supported by the Department of Veteran Affairs,Veteran Health Administration,Rehabilitation Research and Development Service(B7867-W)
文摘Shortly after spinal cord injury（SCI）, the musculoskeletal system undergoes detrimental changes in size and composition, predominantly below the level of injury. The loss of muscle size and strength, along with increased immobility, predisposes persons with SCI to rapid and severe loss in bone mineral density and other health related consequences. Previous studies have highlighted the significance of measuring thigh muscle cross-sectional area, however, measuring the size and composition of muscles of the lower leg may provide insights on how to decrease the risk of various comorbidities. The purpose of the current review was to summarize the methodological approach to manually trace and measure the muscles of the lower leg in individuals with SCI, using magnetic resonance imaging. We also intend to highlight the significance of analyzing lower leg muscle cross-sectional area and its relationship to musculoskeletal and vascular systems in persons with SCI.
基金supported by the Department of Veteran Affairs,Veteran Health Administration,Rehabilitation Research and Development Service(B7867-W)DoD-CDRMP(W81XWH-14-SCIRP-CTA)(to ASG)
文摘Magnetic resonance imaging is considered the ＂gold standard＂ technique for quantifying thigh muscle and fat cross-sectional area. We have developed a semi-automated technique to segment seven thigh compartments in persons with spinal cord injury. Thigh magnetic resonance images from 18 men（18–50 years old） with traumatic motor-complete spinal cord injury were analyzed in a blinded fashion using the threshold technique. The cross-sectional area values acquired by thresholding were compared to the manual tracing technique. The percentage errors for thigh circumference were（threshold： 170.71 ± 38.67; manual： 169.45 ± 38.27 cm2） 0.74%, subcutaneous adipose tissue（threshold： 65.99±30.79; manual： 62.68 ± 30.22） 5.2%, whole muscle（threshold： 98.18 ± 20.19; manual： 98.20 ± 20.08 cm2） 0.13%, femoral bone（threshold： 6.53 ± 1.09; manual： 6.53 ± 1.09 cm2） 0.64%, bone marrow fat（threshold： 3.12 ± 1.12; manual： 3.1 ± 1.11 cm2） 0.36%, knee extensor（threshold： 43.98 ± 7.66; manual： 44.61 ± 7.81 cm2） 1.78% and % intramuscular fat（threshold： 10.45 ± 4.29; manual： 10.92 ± 8.35%） 0.47%. Collectively, these results suggest that the threshold technique provided a robust accuracy in measuring the seven main thigh compartments, while greatly reducing the analysis time.
