Modulatory effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum on chronic metabolic diseases

The increased global incidence of chronic metabolic diseases,a vital threat to human health and a burden on our healthcare systems,includes a series of clinical metabolic syndromes such as obesity,diabetes,hypertension,and dyslipidemia.One of the well-known probiotic microorganisms,Lactiplantibacillus plantarum plays an important role in promoting human health,including inhibiting the occurrence and development of a variety of chronic metabolic diseases.The present study provides an overview of the preventive and therapeutic effects of L.plantarum on diabetes,obesity,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,kidney stone disease,and cardiovascular diseases in animal models and human clinical trials.Ingesting L.plantarum demonstrated its ability to reduce inflammatory and oxidative stress levels by regulating the production of cytokines and short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),the activity of antioxidant enzymes,and the balance of intestinal microbial communities to alleviate the symptoms of chronic metabolic diseases.Furthermore,updated applications and technologies of L.plantarum in food and biopharmaceutical industries are also discussed.Understanding the characteristics and functions of L.plantarum will guide the development of related probiotic products and explore the modulatory benefit of L.plantarum supplementations on the prevention and treatment of multiple chronic metabolic diseases.

Advances in nano silver-based biomaterials and their biomedical applications

Silver nanoparticles are among the most widely researched and used for nanotechnology-derived structures due to their extraordinary inherent optical properties,chemical stability,catalytic activity,and high conductivity.These idiosyncratic properties can be attributed to their unique physico-chemical characteristics,such as ultrafine sizes,high surface area,diverse shapes,and strong localized surface plasmon resonance.These distinctive features can be tailored using various physical,chemical,and biological synthesis methods.Various physical techniques are viable for producing silver nanoparticles on a large scale,but they suffer from drawbacks such as high-power con-sumption,expensive set-up,and limited control over nanoparticle size distribution.Chemical methods provide benefits like high yield,consistent shape and size distribution,and cost efficiency,but the residual toxicity of the chemicals involved hinders their biological applications.Biological synthesis approaches effectively overcome the limitations of both physical and chemical methods by eliminating the need for hazardous chemicals,requiring less energy,enabling diverse nanoparticle morphologies,and offering eco-friendliness and exceptional biocom-patibility.The novel and promising properties of nanosilver-based biomaterials have been demonstrated to be suitable for a wide range of pharmacological and therapeutic biomedical applications.Their extensive application in wound healing,dentistry,cardiovascular disease treatment,nerve tissue engineering,cancer treatment,and biosensing can be attributed to their inherent antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity,antithrombotic properties,potential for nerve regeneration,photothermal conversion efficiency and sensitivity,respectively.This review discusses the different methods employed for synthesising silver nanoparticles and focuses on using nanosilver-based biomaterials for various biomedical applications.