The morphogen Sonic hedgehog(Shh)is crucial for the embryonic development of the central nervous system,but is also an important player in the postnatal brain,with activities that range from the modulation of self-ren...The morphogen Sonic hedgehog(Shh)is crucial for the embryonic development of the central nervous system,but is also an important player in the postnatal brain,with activities that range from the modulation of self-renewal and specification of neural stem cells to the regulation of neural regeneration after injury.Active Shh signaling occurs also in molecular subclasses of brain tumors,such as medulloblastoma and adult glioma.展开更多
Alcohol use disorder is a complex and heterogeneous phenomenon that can be studied from several points of view by focusing on its different components.Alcohol is a hepatotoxin whose metabolism creates profound alterat...Alcohol use disorder is a complex and heterogeneous phenomenon that can be studied from several points of view by focusing on its different components.Alcohol is a hepatotoxin whose metabolism creates profound alterations within the hepatocyte.The liver is the central organ in the metabolism of alcohol,a process that also involves other organs and tissues such as the brain,heart and muscles,but the most relevant organ is the liver.The anatomopathological alterations in the liver associated with the prolonged use of alcohol range from the simple accumulation of neutral fats in the hepatocytes,to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.Alcohol abuse frequently leads to liver disease such as steatosis,steatohepatitis,fibrosis,cirrhosis,and tumors.Following the spread of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),there was an increase in alcohol consumption,probably linked to the months of lockdown and smart working.It is known that social isolation leads to a considerable increase in stress,and it is also recognized that high levels of stress can result in an increase in alcohol intake.Cirrhotic patients or subjects with liver cancer are immunocompromised,so they may be more exposed to COVID-19 infection with a worse prognosis.This review focuses on the fact that the COVID-19 pandemic has made the emergence of alcohol-induced liver damage a major medical and social problem.展开更多
文摘The morphogen Sonic hedgehog(Shh)is crucial for the embryonic development of the central nervous system,but is also an important player in the postnatal brain,with activities that range from the modulation of self-renewal and specification of neural stem cells to the regulation of neural regeneration after injury.Active Shh signaling occurs also in molecular subclasses of brain tumors,such as medulloblastoma and adult glioma.
文摘Alcohol use disorder is a complex and heterogeneous phenomenon that can be studied from several points of view by focusing on its different components.Alcohol is a hepatotoxin whose metabolism creates profound alterations within the hepatocyte.The liver is the central organ in the metabolism of alcohol,a process that also involves other organs and tissues such as the brain,heart and muscles,but the most relevant organ is the liver.The anatomopathological alterations in the liver associated with the prolonged use of alcohol range from the simple accumulation of neutral fats in the hepatocytes,to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.Alcohol abuse frequently leads to liver disease such as steatosis,steatohepatitis,fibrosis,cirrhosis,and tumors.Following the spread of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),there was an increase in alcohol consumption,probably linked to the months of lockdown and smart working.It is known that social isolation leads to a considerable increase in stress,and it is also recognized that high levels of stress can result in an increase in alcohol intake.Cirrhotic patients or subjects with liver cancer are immunocompromised,so they may be more exposed to COVID-19 infection with a worse prognosis.This review focuses on the fact that the COVID-19 pandemic has made the emergence of alcohol-induced liver damage a major medical and social problem.
