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采用石英晶体微衡器技术来控制镍/金镀过程
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作者 rolf krause 何慧颖 《印制电路信息》 1996年第5期39-42,共4页
由于更多的因素,先进的表面安装技术(SMT)要求采用比热风整平(HASL)得到的更好平整度的焊盘和更精细间距导体,才能满足需要。这种平整度技术应当不牺牲锡/铅使用期限和可焊性的一些特性为代价。经过很多的研究,包括有机涂层、浸镀锡,在... 由于更多的因素,先进的表面安装技术(SMT)要求采用比热风整平(HASL)得到的更好平整度的焊盘和更精细间距导体,才能满足需要。这种平整度技术应当不牺牲锡/铅使用期限和可焊性的一些特性为代价。经过很多的研究,包括有机涂层、浸镀锡,在铜上化学镀镍或镀金。 展开更多
关键词 石英晶体 化学镀镍 沉积速率 平整度 表面安装技术 工艺过程 可焊性 振荡频率 有机涂层 化学镀金
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Evaluating Local Approximations of the L^(2)-Orthogonal Projection Between Non-Nested Finite Element Spaces 被引量:1
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作者 Thomas Dickopf rolf krause 《Numerical Mathematics(Theory,Methods and Applications)》 SCIE 2014年第3期288-316,共29页
We present quantitative studies of transfer operators between finite element spaces associated with unrelated meshes.Several local approximations of the global L^(2)-orthogonal projection are reviewed and evaluated co... We present quantitative studies of transfer operators between finite element spaces associated with unrelated meshes.Several local approximations of the global L^(2)-orthogonal projection are reviewed and evaluated computationally.The numerical studies in 3D provide the first estimates of the quantitative differences between a range of transfer operators between non-nested finite element spaces.We consider the standard finite element interpolation,Cl´ement’s quasi-interpolation with different local polynomial degrees,the global L^(2)-orthogonal projection,a local L^(2)-quasi-projection via a discrete inner product,and a pseudo-L^(2)-projection defined by a Petrov-Galerkin variational equation with a discontinuous test space.Understanding their qualitative and quantitative behaviors in this computational way is interesting per se;it could also be relevant in the context of discretization and solution techniques which make use of different non-nested meshes.It turns out that the pseudo-L^(2)-projection approximates the actual L^(2)-orthogonal projection best.The obtained results seem to be largely independent of the underlying computational domain;this is demonstrated by four examples(ball,cylinder,half torus and Stanford Bunny). 展开更多
关键词 Finite elements unstructured meshes non-nested spaces transfer operators INTERPOLATION PROJECTION
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