Peanuts (Arachis hypogea) produce several phenolic compounds such as catechins that may be isolated as co-products from peanut seed testae or skins during peanut processing. Peanut skins are currently underutilized al...Peanuts (Arachis hypogea) produce several phenolic compounds such as catechins that may be isolated as co-products from peanut seed testae or skins during peanut processing. Peanut skins are currently underutilized although they are a potential source of bioactive compounds for use in functional foods and animal feeds. The phenolic compounds in the skins can degrade during processing and lose bioactivity. Extracted peanut skins were analyzed by near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to detect phenolic compounds. Spectra were collected from 10000 - 4000 cm﹣1 and evaluated by principal component analysis (PCA) to compare differences in peanut skins before and after alcohol extraction. PCA of derivative spectra showed clear separation into two groups. These results support the development of predictive models to measure catechins in blanched peanut skins.展开更多
NIR spectroscopy was used to measure the moisture concentration of wood pellets. Pellets were conditioned to various moisture levels between 0.63% and 14.16% (wet basis) and the moisture concentration was verified usi...NIR spectroscopy was used to measure the moisture concentration of wood pellets. Pellets were conditioned to various moisture levels between 0.63% and 14.16% (wet basis) and the moisture concentration was verified using a standard oven method. Samples from various moisture levels were separated into two groups, as calibration and validation sets. NIR absorption spectral data from 400 nm to 2500 nm with 0.5 nm intervals were collected using pellets within the calibration and validation sample sets. Spectral wavelength ranges were taken as independent variables and the MC of the pellets as the dependent variable for the analysis. Measurements were obtained on 30 replicates within each moisture level. Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis was performed on both raw and preprocessed spectral data of calibration set to determine the best calibration model based on Standard Error of Calibration (SEC) and coefficient of multiple determinations (R2). The PLS model that yielded the best fit was used to predict the moisture concentration of validation group pellets. Relative Percent Deviation (RPD) and Standard Error of Prediction (SEP) were calculated to validate goodness of fit of the prediction model. Baseline and Multiple Scatter Corrected (MSC) reflectance spectra with 1st derivative model gave the highest RPD value of 4.46 and R2 of 0.95. Also it’s SEP (0.670) and RMSEP (0.782) were less than the other models those had RPD value more than 3.0 with less number of factors. Therefore, this model was selected as the best model for moisture content prediction of wood pellets.展开更多
Highly unsaturated fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid and linolenic acid are prone to oxidation with a resulting loss of bioactivity and generation of malodorous degradation compounds. Degradation proceeds by fo...Highly unsaturated fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid and linolenic acid are prone to oxidation with a resulting loss of bioactivity and generation of malodorous degradation compounds. Degradation proceeds by formation of the corresponding hydroperoxyl free radical with subsequent oxidative cleavage at the double bond site. FTIR-ATR was used to detect degradation through spectral changes that were correlated to oxidative degradation. The spectrometer was equipped with a heated stage so that a series of spectra could be collected while the sample was exposed to elevated temperatures. The appearance of new bands at 972.8 cm﹣1, 2934 cm﹣1, and 3498 cm﹣1 with the disappearance of bands at 703.6 cm﹣1 and 3013 cm﹣1 were observed after heating and these spectral changes were evaluated by correlation spectroscopy analysis. These results provide a method to quickly detect the oxidative degradation of polyunsaturated fats. This approach is expected to be applied for the quality assessment of feed formulations fortified with omega-3 fatty acids.展开更多
Phenolic compounds exhibit antioxidant and antimicrobial activities with applications as functional food and feed additives. Ferulic acid, a phenolic compound present in grain crops and lignocellulose biomass, was enc...Phenolic compounds exhibit antioxidant and antimicrobial activities with applications as functional food and feed additives. Ferulic acid, a phenolic compound present in grain crops and lignocellulose biomass, was encapsulated with saturated triglycerides using a laboratory fluidizer. Stability of the encapsulated ferulic acid particles was evaluated over a 3 month storage period. Laser light scattering and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to characterize particles. Loss of ferulic acid from particles was measured by emission spectra. Results showed no significant changes in particle diameter, 717.6 nm ± 28.4 nm, or loss of ferulic acid from lipid particles during storage. This combination of renewable materials, physical processing techniques, and nondestructive analytical methods promotes sustainable agriculture.展开更多
文摘Peanuts (Arachis hypogea) produce several phenolic compounds such as catechins that may be isolated as co-products from peanut seed testae or skins during peanut processing. Peanut skins are currently underutilized although they are a potential source of bioactive compounds for use in functional foods and animal feeds. The phenolic compounds in the skins can degrade during processing and lose bioactivity. Extracted peanut skins were analyzed by near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to detect phenolic compounds. Spectra were collected from 10000 - 4000 cm﹣1 and evaluated by principal component analysis (PCA) to compare differences in peanut skins before and after alcohol extraction. PCA of derivative spectra showed clear separation into two groups. These results support the development of predictive models to measure catechins in blanched peanut skins.
文摘NIR spectroscopy was used to measure the moisture concentration of wood pellets. Pellets were conditioned to various moisture levels between 0.63% and 14.16% (wet basis) and the moisture concentration was verified using a standard oven method. Samples from various moisture levels were separated into two groups, as calibration and validation sets. NIR absorption spectral data from 400 nm to 2500 nm with 0.5 nm intervals were collected using pellets within the calibration and validation sample sets. Spectral wavelength ranges were taken as independent variables and the MC of the pellets as the dependent variable for the analysis. Measurements were obtained on 30 replicates within each moisture level. Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis was performed on both raw and preprocessed spectral data of calibration set to determine the best calibration model based on Standard Error of Calibration (SEC) and coefficient of multiple determinations (R2). The PLS model that yielded the best fit was used to predict the moisture concentration of validation group pellets. Relative Percent Deviation (RPD) and Standard Error of Prediction (SEP) were calculated to validate goodness of fit of the prediction model. Baseline and Multiple Scatter Corrected (MSC) reflectance spectra with 1st derivative model gave the highest RPD value of 4.46 and R2 of 0.95. Also it’s SEP (0.670) and RMSEP (0.782) were less than the other models those had RPD value more than 3.0 with less number of factors. Therefore, this model was selected as the best model for moisture content prediction of wood pellets.
文摘Highly unsaturated fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid and linolenic acid are prone to oxidation with a resulting loss of bioactivity and generation of malodorous degradation compounds. Degradation proceeds by formation of the corresponding hydroperoxyl free radical with subsequent oxidative cleavage at the double bond site. FTIR-ATR was used to detect degradation through spectral changes that were correlated to oxidative degradation. The spectrometer was equipped with a heated stage so that a series of spectra could be collected while the sample was exposed to elevated temperatures. The appearance of new bands at 972.8 cm﹣1, 2934 cm﹣1, and 3498 cm﹣1 with the disappearance of bands at 703.6 cm﹣1 and 3013 cm﹣1 were observed after heating and these spectral changes were evaluated by correlation spectroscopy analysis. These results provide a method to quickly detect the oxidative degradation of polyunsaturated fats. This approach is expected to be applied for the quality assessment of feed formulations fortified with omega-3 fatty acids.
文摘Phenolic compounds exhibit antioxidant and antimicrobial activities with applications as functional food and feed additives. Ferulic acid, a phenolic compound present in grain crops and lignocellulose biomass, was encapsulated with saturated triglycerides using a laboratory fluidizer. Stability of the encapsulated ferulic acid particles was evaluated over a 3 month storage period. Laser light scattering and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to characterize particles. Loss of ferulic acid from particles was measured by emission spectra. Results showed no significant changes in particle diameter, 717.6 nm ± 28.4 nm, or loss of ferulic acid from lipid particles during storage. This combination of renewable materials, physical processing techniques, and nondestructive analytical methods promotes sustainable agriculture.
