The notion of dominant terminology in bibliometric research

In this opinion paper, we introduce the expressions of dominant terminology and dominant term in the quantitative studies of science in analogy to the notion of dominant design in product development and innovation.

Large language models and scientific publishing

ChatGPT and similar large language models(LLMs)have rapidly caught the sci-entific and popular imagination,inviting reflections on their potential and risk for science(Grimaldi&Ehrler,2023;Nature,2023;Thorp,2023;van Dis et al.,2023).

用共关键词网络揭示领域知识结构的实验研究

本文利用Web of Science数据库，构建出数学、电化学、信息计量学和传播学4个领域的高频共关键词网络。用于反映领域核心知识。此类网络以关键词为节点，当两个关键词用于同一论文中时就形成节点之间的连接。核心／边缘分析和网络分析参数表明核心关键词数量增长速度低于关键词总量增速。依据核心关键词表达核心知识概念的逻辑，推论特定知识领域中稳定的核心概念及其共现网络反映了该领域相对稳定的核心知识及其结构。

偶然性科学发现的规律特点及其科学政策启示

纵观整个科学史的科学发现,偶然性或意外得来的科学发现并不少见,这就是科学研究中的偶然现象(serendipity)。英国萨塞克斯(Sussex)大学科学政策研究所(SPRU)Ohid Yaqub对数百个发现案例进行研究分析后,总结出偶然性科学发现的四种类型(沃波尔型、默顿型、布什型、斯蒂芬型)与内在机制;同时提出,偶然性科学发现的不同类型及其机制可能会对科研理论和政策产生不同的影响;此外,偶然性科学发现并不一定会弱化有目标导向的研究。这类科学发现的内在规律研究及其对科技政策的含义,对我们很有借鉴和启示意义。

SCI的引文统计指标及其与研究评价的关系

从引证类型和检索系统统计源期刊组成分析SCI的引文统计数据及相关指标与期刊和论文学术水平间的不对应关系,并从引文统计时段、论文类型和期刊大小等方面探讨影响因子本身的不确定性;通过分析中国科技期刊的被引情况指出SACI中引文数据的统计错误。认为在我国的科研成果和学术期刊评价中,一定要具体分析SCI的统计数据,适度、合理地使用引证分析方法。

情报学家对科学的关注与解读（Ⅱ）——情报学家解读科学的方法

运用WordSmith软件,本项研究对56位国际著名情报学家的2869篇(部)论著题目做了词频分析,将情报学家的研究对象和研究方法加以梳理、定位、比较,和分类,凸显出研究热点,勾勒出研究趋势,展现出情报学家对科学的全方位关注和重视计量的研究传统.论文分为两部分,其一,情报学家关注科学的视角;其二,情报学家解读科学的方法.

新出现趋势识别和分析方法引介

新出现趋势是一个新研究论题深入研究并日趋重要的趋势。这种趋势在科学前沿形成,通过研究人员相互引用表现出来。检测这样的趋势所用的方法起源于引文分析。以前,引文分析仅仅是简单的静态的数量分析,而现在开始利用复杂网络分析和时间序列分析进行动态发展趋势预测。目前新出现趋势分析的方法主要有两种:一是从高引用文章组成的聚类串随时间推移的变化特征中检测出新出现趋势。二是在引文网络中所形成的研究社区中检测新出现趋势。目前新出现趋势分析还要在三个方面进行深入研究:一是要在实证研究充分开展的基础上,调查各个研究领域中新出现趋势的形成机制。二是要研究不同的时间序列对新出现趋势的识别和分析的影响。三是要研究新出现趋势对引文网络局部特征的影响。

衍生的P-C矩阵与扩散的R族科学发展节律指标——科学发展节律指标研究Ⅱ

本文是“基于一般P-C矩阵的R族科学发展节律指标”研究工作的继续。由一般P-C矩阵可以衍生出均值P-C矩阵，标准化P-C矩阵和标准化均值P-C矩阵。论文介绍了三种衍生矩阵的具体构造方法。基于三种衍生矩阵可以分别构建如、嘏和nRa族科学发展节律指标。依据考查视角是发文年还是引文年每族节律指标可以分为两组，每组包括两个指标，一个指标是基于三角形引文窗口定义的，另一指标基于平行四边形引文窗口。所有科学发展节律指标都是观察值与期望值比值的时间序列。论文还比较了R、Ra、nR和nRa族指标的特征，并以国际知名期刊《Sdence》为例讨论了四族节律指标的应用。

On indexing in the Web of Science and predicting journal impact factor

We discuss what document types account for the calculation of the journal impact factor (JIF) as published in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR). Based on a brief review of articles discussing how to predict JIFs and taking data differences between the Web of Science (WoS) and the JCR into account, we make our own predictions. Using data by cited-reference searching for Thomson Scientific's WoS, we predict 2007 impact factors (IFs) for several journals, such as Nature, Science, Learned Publishing and some Library and Information Sciences journals. Based on our colleagues' experiences we expect our predictions to be lower bounds for the official journal impact factors. We explain why it is useful to derive one's own journal impact factor.

The F-measure for Research Priority

Purpose： In this contribution we continue our investigations related to the activity index （A/） and its formal analogs. We try to replace the AI by an indicator which is better suited for policy applications. Design/methodology/approach： We point out that fluctuations in the value of the AI for a given country and domain are never the result of that country＇s policy with respect to that domain alone because there are exogenous factors at play. For this reason we introduce the F-measure. This F-measure is nothing but the harmonic mean of the country＇s share in the world＇s publication output in the given domain and the given domain＇s share in the country＇s publication output.Findings： The F-measure does not suffer from the problems the AI does Research limitations： The indicator is not yet fully tested in real cases R＆D policy management： In policy considerations, the AI should better be replaced by the F-measure as this measure can better show the results of science policy measures （which the AI cannot as it depends on exogenous factors）. Originality/value： We provide an original solution for a problem that is not fully realized by policy makers.

“Sparking”and“Igniting”Key Publications of 2020 Nobel Prize Laureates

Purpose:This article aims to determine the percentage of"Sparking"articles among the work of this year’s Nobel Prize winners in medicine,physics,and chemistry.Design/methodology/approach:We focus on under-cited influential research among the key publications as mentioned by the Nobel Prize Committee for the 2020 Noble Prize laureates.Specifically,we extracted data from the Web of Science,and calculated the Sparking Indices using the formulas as proposed by Hu and Rousseau in 2016 and 2017.In addition,we identified another type of igniting articles based on the notion in 2017.Findings:In the fields of medicine and physics,the proportions of articles with sparking characteristics share 78.571%and 68.75%respectively,yet,in chemistry 90%articles characterized by"igniting".Moreover,the two types of articles share more than 93%in the work of the Nobel Prize included in this study.Research limitations:Our research did not cover the impact of topic,socio-political,and author’s reputation on the Sparking Indices.Practical implications:Our study shows that the Sparking Indices truly reflect influence of the best research work,so it can be used to detect under-cited influential articles,as well as identifying fundamental work.Originality/value:Our findings suggest that the Sparking Indices have good applicability for research evaluation.

Bilateral Co-authorship Indicators Based on Fractional Counting

Purpose: In this contribution we provide two new co-authorship indicators based on fractional counting. Design/methodology/approach: Based on the idea of fractional counting we reflect on what should be an acceptable indicator for co-authorship between two entities. From this reflection we propose an indicator, the co-authorship score, denoted as cs, using the harmonic mean. Dividing this new indicator by the classical co-authorship indicator based on full counting, leads to a co-authorship intensity indicator.Findings: We show that the indicators we propose have many necessary or at least highly desirable properties for a proper cs-score. It is pointed out that the two new indicators can be used for countries, but also for institutions and other pairs of entities. A small example shows the feasibility of the co-authorship score and the co-authorship intensity indicator.Research limitations: The indicators are not yet tested in real cases.Practical implications: As the notions of co-authorship and collaboration have many aspects, we think that our contribution may help policy management to take yet another aspect into account as part of a multi-faceted description of research outcomes.Originality/value: The indicators we propose cover yet another aspect of co-authorship.

Delayed recognition: recent developments and a proposal to study this phenomenon as a fuzzy concept

Purpose： New developments in the study of delayed recognition are discussed.Design/methodology/approach： Based on these new developments a method is proposed to characterize delayed recognition as a fuzzy concept.Findings： A benchmark value of 0.333 corresponding with linear growth is obtained. Moreover, a case is discovered in which an expert found delayed recognition several years before citation analysis could discover this phenomenon. Research limitations： As all citation studies also this one is database dependent.Practical implications： Delayed recognition is turned into a fuzzy concept.Originality/value： The article presents a new way of studying delayed recognition.

Reflections on Tools and Methods for Differentiated Assessments of Individual Scientists, Groups of Scientists and Scientific Journals

Requirements for research assessments There are huge differences in mission, emphasis, inherent capability, and targeted utilization of research among scientific institutions. Hence, when it comes to assessments, a one-size-fits-all approach cannot meet the goal(s) of these assessments. Probably even larger differences exist between individuals, research teams and departments.

网络信息检索中利用the Staceys测度方法提高逻辑运算效率的思考

网络信息检索中，逻辑运算符AND连接检索词的顺序很大程度上会影响检索效率。论文首先分析、介绍了the Staceys测度方法在改善AND检索效率中发挥的作用，并在此基础上提出简化了的测度算法，最后通过实例说明其实现步骤。

A view on big data and its relation to Informetrics

Purpose: Big data offer a huge challenge. Their very existence leads to the contradiction that the more data we have the less accessible they become,as the particular piece of information one is searching for may be buried among terabytes of other data. In this contribution we discuss the origin of big data and point to three challenges when big data arise: Data storage,data processing and generating insights.Design/methodology/approach: Computer-related challenges can be expressed by the CAP theorem which states that it is only possible to simultaneously provide any two of the three following properties in distributed applications: Consistency(C),availability(A) and partition tolerance(P). As an aside we mention Amdahl's law and its application for scientific collaboration. We further discuss data mining in large databases and knowledge representation for handling the results of data mining exercises. We further offer a short informetric study of the field of big data,and point to the ethical dimension of the big data phenomenon.Findings: There still are serious problems to overcome before the field of big data can deliver on its promises.Implications and limitations: This contribution offers a personal view,focusing on the information science aspects,but much more can be said about software aspects.Originality/value: We express the hope that the information scientists,including librarians,will be able to play their full role within the knowledge discovery,data mining and big data communities,leading to exciting developments,the reduction of scientific bottlenecks and really innovative applications.

Dynamics and interactions of blog-based science communication:A case study of blogging activities in China related to 2011 Japanese seismic and nuclear power crisis

Purpose: This paper tries to understand the dynamics of scientific communication systems during crises by investigating as a case study the blogging activities that took place during the period of the 2011 earthquake and related events in Japan. Interactions between bloggers and registered users are studied quantitatively and qualitatively at Sciencenet.cn, an influential science-related blogosphere in China.Design/methodology/approach: The editors of Sciencenet.cn compiled a special issue of science blog articles under the title Analysis of the Japanese Earthquake. We developed a spider program and downloaded from this special issue the metadata about title, content,publishing time, total read count, reply count and recommendation count, and further collected information about bloggers and recommenders. We then sent a short message to the bloggers who wrote articles on these emergencies, asking for their educational and professional background.Findings: We found that knowledge reflected in the blog articles is strongly related to the educational and professional background of bloggers. Knowledge diffusion is facilitated by interactions, such as recommendations, comments and answers. Interactions via comments and recommendations are of an assortative nature: A blog article is more likelyto be commented on and recommended by those bloggers who write on the same or similar topics than by those writing on a different one. Registered users tend to give comments on articles dealing with the topic that they recommend, and vice versa.Interaction in the intersection of two or three topics is more intense than that within one topic. The impact of blog articles is also influenced by other factors, such as the reputation of the blogger and the type of information they contain.Implications and limitations: It is confirmed that studying blogs is a valid approach within informetric studies. Yet, we only studied one triple(earthquake, tsunami, nuclear disaster) event based on data originating from one Chinese blog website. More events should be studied.Originality/value: Informetric studies based on blogs are still relatively few. Using science blogs and combining comments on a triple event with the knowledge background of bloggers in China is even less common. As such this contribution enhances our knowledge on this new form of science communication activity.

Equalities between h-type Indices and Definitions of Rational h-type Indicators

Purpose: To show for which publication-citation arrays h-type indices are equal and to reconsider rational h-type indices. Results for these research questions fill some gaps in existing basic knowledge about h-type indices.Design/methodology/approach: The results and introduction of new indicators are based on well-known definitions.Findings: The research purpose has been reached: answers to the first questions are obtained and new indicators are defined. Research limitations: h-type indices do not meet the Bouyssou-Marchant independence requirement.Practical implications: On the one hand, more insight has been obtained for well-known indices such as the h-and the g-index and on the other hand, simple extensions of existing indicators have been added to the bibliometric toolbox. Relative rational h-type indices are more useful for individuals than the existing absolute ones.Originality/value: Answers to basic questions such as "when are the values of two h-type indices equal" are provided. A new rational h-index is introduced.

Describing Citations as a Function of Time

Purpose:Providing an overview of types of citation curves.Design/methodology/approach:The terms citation curves or citation graphs are made explicit.Findings:A framework for the study of diachronous(and synchronous)citation curves is proposed.Research limitations:No new practical applications are given.Practical implications:This short note about citation curves will help readers to make the optimal choice for their applications.Originality/value:A new scheme for the meaning of the term"citation curve"is designed.

Confidence Intervals for Relative Intensity of Collaboration(RIC)Indicators

Purpose:We aim to extend our investigations related to the Relative Intensity of Collaboration(RIC)indicator,by constructing a confidence interval for the obtained values.Design/methodology/approach:We use Mantel-Haenszel statistics as applied recently by Smolinsky,Klingenberg,and Marx.Findings:We obtain confidence intervals for the RIC indicatorResearch limitations:It is not obvious that data obtained from the Web of Science(or any other database)can be considered a random sample.Practical implications:We explain how to calculate confidence intervals.Bibliometric indicators are more often than not presented as precise values instead of an approximation depending on the database and the time of measurement.Our approach presents a suggestion to solve this problem.Originality/value:Our approach combines the statistics of binary categorical data and bibliometric studies of collaboration.