In this opinion paper, we introduce the expressions of dominant terminology and dominant term in the quantitative studies of science in analogy to the notion of dominant design in product development and innovation.
ChatGPT and similar large language models(LLMs)have rapidly caught the sci-entific and popular imagination,inviting reflections on their potential and risk for science(Grimaldi&Ehrler,2023;Nature,2023;Thorp,2023;v...ChatGPT and similar large language models(LLMs)have rapidly caught the sci-entific and popular imagination,inviting reflections on their potential and risk for science(Grimaldi&Ehrler,2023;Nature,2023;Thorp,2023;van Dis et al.,2023).展开更多
本文利用Web of Science数据库,构建出数学、电化学、信息计量学和传播学4个领域的高频共关键词网络。用于反映领域核心知识。此类网络以关键词为节点,当两个关键词用于同一论文中时就形成节点之间的连接。核心/边缘分析和网络分析...本文利用Web of Science数据库,构建出数学、电化学、信息计量学和传播学4个领域的高频共关键词网络。用于反映领域核心知识。此类网络以关键词为节点,当两个关键词用于同一论文中时就形成节点之间的连接。核心/边缘分析和网络分析参数表明核心关键词数量增长速度低于关键词总量增速。依据核心关键词表达核心知识概念的逻辑,推论特定知识领域中稳定的核心概念及其共现网络反映了该领域相对稳定的核心知识及其结构。展开更多
We discuss what document types account for the calculation of the journal impact factor (JIF) as published in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR). Based on a brief review of articles discussing how to predict JIFs and ...We discuss what document types account for the calculation of the journal impact factor (JIF) as published in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR). Based on a brief review of articles discussing how to predict JIFs and taking data differences between the Web of Science (WoS) and the JCR into account, we make our own predictions. Using data by cited-reference searching for Thomson Scientific's WoS, we predict 2007 impact factors (IFs) for several journals, such as Nature, Science, Learned Publishing and some Library and Information Sciences journals. Based on our colleagues' experiences we expect our predictions to be lower bounds for the official journal impact factors. We explain why it is useful to derive one's own journal impact factor.展开更多
Purpose: In this contribution we continue our investigations related to the activity index (A/) and its formal analogs. We try to replace the AI by an indicator which is better suited for policy applications. Desig...Purpose: In this contribution we continue our investigations related to the activity index (A/) and its formal analogs. We try to replace the AI by an indicator which is better suited for policy applications. Design/methodology/approach: We point out that fluctuations in the value of the AI for a given country and domain are never the result of that country's policy with respect to that domain alone because there are exogenous factors at play. For this reason we introduce the F-measure. This F-measure is nothing but the harmonic mean of the country's share in the world's publication output in the given domain and the given domain's share in the country's publication output.Findings: The F-measure does not suffer from the problems the AI does Research limitations: The indicator is not yet fully tested in real cases R&D policy management: In policy considerations, the AI should better be replaced by the F-measure as this measure can better show the results of science policy measures (which the AI cannot as it depends on exogenous factors). Originality/value: We provide an original solution for a problem that is not fully realized by policy makers.展开更多
Purpose:This article aims to determine the percentage of"Sparking"articles among the work of this year’s Nobel Prize winners in medicine,physics,and chemistry.Design/methodology/approach:We focus on under-c...Purpose:This article aims to determine the percentage of"Sparking"articles among the work of this year’s Nobel Prize winners in medicine,physics,and chemistry.Design/methodology/approach:We focus on under-cited influential research among the key publications as mentioned by the Nobel Prize Committee for the 2020 Noble Prize laureates.Specifically,we extracted data from the Web of Science,and calculated the Sparking Indices using the formulas as proposed by Hu and Rousseau in 2016 and 2017.In addition,we identified another type of igniting articles based on the notion in 2017.Findings:In the fields of medicine and physics,the proportions of articles with sparking characteristics share 78.571%and 68.75%respectively,yet,in chemistry 90%articles characterized by"igniting".Moreover,the two types of articles share more than 93%in the work of the Nobel Prize included in this study.Research limitations:Our research did not cover the impact of topic,socio-political,and author’s reputation on the Sparking Indices.Practical implications:Our study shows that the Sparking Indices truly reflect influence of the best research work,so it can be used to detect under-cited influential articles,as well as identifying fundamental work.Originality/value:Our findings suggest that the Sparking Indices have good applicability for research evaluation.展开更多
Purpose: In this contribution we provide two new co-authorship indicators based on fractional counting. Design/methodology/approach: Based on the idea of fractional counting we reflect on what should be an acceptable ...Purpose: In this contribution we provide two new co-authorship indicators based on fractional counting. Design/methodology/approach: Based on the idea of fractional counting we reflect on what should be an acceptable indicator for co-authorship between two entities. From this reflection we propose an indicator, the co-authorship score, denoted as cs, using the harmonic mean. Dividing this new indicator by the classical co-authorship indicator based on full counting, leads to a co-authorship intensity indicator.Findings: We show that the indicators we propose have many necessary or at least highly desirable properties for a proper cs-score. It is pointed out that the two new indicators can be used for countries, but also for institutions and other pairs of entities. A small example shows the feasibility of the co-authorship score and the co-authorship intensity indicator.Research limitations: The indicators are not yet tested in real cases.Practical implications: As the notions of co-authorship and collaboration have many aspects, we think that our contribution may help policy management to take yet another aspect into account as part of a multi-faceted description of research outcomes.Originality/value: The indicators we propose cover yet another aspect of co-authorship.展开更多
Purpose: New developments in the study of delayed recognition are discussed.Design/methodology/approach: Based on these new developments a method is proposed to characterize delayed recognition as a fuzzy concept.Fi...Purpose: New developments in the study of delayed recognition are discussed.Design/methodology/approach: Based on these new developments a method is proposed to characterize delayed recognition as a fuzzy concept.Findings: A benchmark value of 0.333 corresponding with linear growth is obtained. Moreover, a case is discovered in which an expert found delayed recognition several years before citation analysis could discover this phenomenon. Research limitations: As all citation studies also this one is database dependent.Practical implications: Delayed recognition is turned into a fuzzy concept.Originality/value: The article presents a new way of studying delayed recognition.展开更多
Requirements for research assessments There are huge differences in mission, emphasis, inherent capability, and targeted utilization of research among scientific institutions. Hence, when it comes to assessments, a on...Requirements for research assessments There are huge differences in mission, emphasis, inherent capability, and targeted utilization of research among scientific institutions. Hence, when it comes to assessments, a one-size-fits-all approach cannot meet the goal(s) of these assessments. Probably even larger differences exist between individuals, research teams and departments.展开更多
Purpose: Big data offer a huge challenge. Their very existence leads to the contradiction that the more data we have the less accessible they become,as the particular piece of information one is searching for may be b...Purpose: Big data offer a huge challenge. Their very existence leads to the contradiction that the more data we have the less accessible they become,as the particular piece of information one is searching for may be buried among terabytes of other data. In this contribution we discuss the origin of big data and point to three challenges when big data arise: Data storage,data processing and generating insights.Design/methodology/approach: Computer-related challenges can be expressed by the CAP theorem which states that it is only possible to simultaneously provide any two of the three following properties in distributed applications: Consistency(C),availability(A) and partition tolerance(P). As an aside we mention Amdahl's law and its application for scientific collaboration. We further discuss data mining in large databases and knowledge representation for handling the results of data mining exercises. We further offer a short informetric study of the field of big data,and point to the ethical dimension of the big data phenomenon.Findings: There still are serious problems to overcome before the field of big data can deliver on its promises.Implications and limitations: This contribution offers a personal view,focusing on the information science aspects,but much more can be said about software aspects.Originality/value: We express the hope that the information scientists,including librarians,will be able to play their full role within the knowledge discovery,data mining and big data communities,leading to exciting developments,the reduction of scientific bottlenecks and really innovative applications.展开更多
Purpose: This paper tries to understand the dynamics of scientific communication systems during crises by investigating as a case study the blogging activities that took place during the period of the 2011 earthquake ...Purpose: This paper tries to understand the dynamics of scientific communication systems during crises by investigating as a case study the blogging activities that took place during the period of the 2011 earthquake and related events in Japan. Interactions between bloggers and registered users are studied quantitatively and qualitatively at Sciencenet.cn, an influential science-related blogosphere in China.Design/methodology/approach: The editors of Sciencenet.cn compiled a special issue of science blog articles under the title Analysis of the Japanese Earthquake. We developed a spider program and downloaded from this special issue the metadata about title, content,publishing time, total read count, reply count and recommendation count, and further collected information about bloggers and recommenders. We then sent a short message to the bloggers who wrote articles on these emergencies, asking for their educational and professional background.Findings: We found that knowledge reflected in the blog articles is strongly related to the educational and professional background of bloggers. Knowledge diffusion is facilitated by interactions, such as recommendations, comments and answers. Interactions via comments and recommendations are of an assortative nature: A blog article is more likelyto be commented on and recommended by those bloggers who write on the same or similar topics than by those writing on a different one. Registered users tend to give comments on articles dealing with the topic that they recommend, and vice versa.Interaction in the intersection of two or three topics is more intense than that within one topic. The impact of blog articles is also influenced by other factors, such as the reputation of the blogger and the type of information they contain.Implications and limitations: It is confirmed that studying blogs is a valid approach within informetric studies. Yet, we only studied one triple(earthquake, tsunami, nuclear disaster) event based on data originating from one Chinese blog website. More events should be studied.Originality/value: Informetric studies based on blogs are still relatively few. Using science blogs and combining comments on a triple event with the knowledge background of bloggers in China is even less common. As such this contribution enhances our knowledge on this new form of science communication activity.展开更多
Purpose: To show for which publication-citation arrays h-type indices are equal and to reconsider rational h-type indices. Results for these research questions fill some gaps in existing basic knowledge about h-type i...Purpose: To show for which publication-citation arrays h-type indices are equal and to reconsider rational h-type indices. Results for these research questions fill some gaps in existing basic knowledge about h-type indices.Design/methodology/approach: The results and introduction of new indicators are based on well-known definitions.Findings: The research purpose has been reached: answers to the first questions are obtained and new indicators are defined. Research limitations: h-type indices do not meet the Bouyssou-Marchant independence requirement.Practical implications: On the one hand, more insight has been obtained for well-known indices such as the h-and the g-index and on the other hand, simple extensions of existing indicators have been added to the bibliometric toolbox. Relative rational h-type indices are more useful for individuals than the existing absolute ones.Originality/value: Answers to basic questions such as "when are the values of two h-type indices equal" are provided. A new rational h-index is introduced.展开更多
Purpose:Providing an overview of types of citation curves.Design/methodology/approach:The terms citation curves or citation graphs are made explicit.Findings:A framework for the study of diachronous(and synchronous)ci...Purpose:Providing an overview of types of citation curves.Design/methodology/approach:The terms citation curves or citation graphs are made explicit.Findings:A framework for the study of diachronous(and synchronous)citation curves is proposed.Research limitations:No new practical applications are given.Practical implications:This short note about citation curves will help readers to make the optimal choice for their applications.Originality/value:A new scheme for the meaning of the term"citation curve"is designed.展开更多
Purpose:We aim to extend our investigations related to the Relative Intensity of Collaboration(RIC)indicator,by constructing a confidence interval for the obtained values.Design/methodology/approach:We use Mantel-Haen...Purpose:We aim to extend our investigations related to the Relative Intensity of Collaboration(RIC)indicator,by constructing a confidence interval for the obtained values.Design/methodology/approach:We use Mantel-Haenszel statistics as applied recently by Smolinsky,Klingenberg,and Marx.Findings:We obtain confidence intervals for the RIC indicatorResearch limitations:It is not obvious that data obtained from the Web of Science(or any other database)can be considered a random sample.Practical implications:We explain how to calculate confidence intervals.Bibliometric indicators are more often than not presented as precise values instead of an approximation depending on the database and the time of measurement.Our approach presents a suggestion to solve this problem.Originality/value:Our approach combines the statistics of binary categorical data and bibliometric studies of collaboration.展开更多
文摘In this opinion paper, we introduce the expressions of dominant terminology and dominant term in the quantitative studies of science in analogy to the notion of dominant design in product development and innovation.
文摘ChatGPT and similar large language models(LLMs)have rapidly caught the sci-entific and popular imagination,inviting reflections on their potential and risk for science(Grimaldi&Ehrler,2023;Nature,2023;Thorp,2023;van Dis et al.,2023).
文摘本文利用Web of Science数据库,构建出数学、电化学、信息计量学和传播学4个领域的高频共关键词网络。用于反映领域核心知识。此类网络以关键词为节点,当两个关键词用于同一论文中时就形成节点之间的连接。核心/边缘分析和网络分析参数表明核心关键词数量增长速度低于关键词总量增速。依据核心关键词表达核心知识概念的逻辑,推论特定知识领域中稳定的核心概念及其共现网络反映了该领域相对稳定的核心知识及其结构。
文摘We discuss what document types account for the calculation of the journal impact factor (JIF) as published in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR). Based on a brief review of articles discussing how to predict JIFs and taking data differences between the Web of Science (WoS) and the JCR into account, we make our own predictions. Using data by cited-reference searching for Thomson Scientific's WoS, we predict 2007 impact factors (IFs) for several journals, such as Nature, Science, Learned Publishing and some Library and Information Sciences journals. Based on our colleagues' experiences we expect our predictions to be lower bounds for the official journal impact factors. We explain why it is useful to derive one's own journal impact factor.
文摘Purpose: In this contribution we continue our investigations related to the activity index (A/) and its formal analogs. We try to replace the AI by an indicator which is better suited for policy applications. Design/methodology/approach: We point out that fluctuations in the value of the AI for a given country and domain are never the result of that country's policy with respect to that domain alone because there are exogenous factors at play. For this reason we introduce the F-measure. This F-measure is nothing but the harmonic mean of the country's share in the world's publication output in the given domain and the given domain's share in the country's publication output.Findings: The F-measure does not suffer from the problems the AI does Research limitations: The indicator is not yet fully tested in real cases R&D policy management: In policy considerations, the AI should better be replaced by the F-measure as this measure can better show the results of science policy measures (which the AI cannot as it depends on exogenous factors). Originality/value: We provide an original solution for a problem that is not fully realized by policy makers.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant numbers:71974167 and 71573225。
文摘Purpose:This article aims to determine the percentage of"Sparking"articles among the work of this year’s Nobel Prize winners in medicine,physics,and chemistry.Design/methodology/approach:We focus on under-cited influential research among the key publications as mentioned by the Nobel Prize Committee for the 2020 Noble Prize laureates.Specifically,we extracted data from the Web of Science,and calculated the Sparking Indices using the formulas as proposed by Hu and Rousseau in 2016 and 2017.In addition,we identified another type of igniting articles based on the notion in 2017.Findings:In the fields of medicine and physics,the proportions of articles with sparking characteristics share 78.571%and 68.75%respectively,yet,in chemistry 90%articles characterized by"igniting".Moreover,the two types of articles share more than 93%in the work of the Nobel Prize included in this study.Research limitations:Our research did not cover the impact of topic,socio-political,and author’s reputation on the Sparking Indices.Practical implications:Our study shows that the Sparking Indices truly reflect influence of the best research work,so it can be used to detect under-cited influential articles,as well as identifying fundamental work.Originality/value:Our findings suggest that the Sparking Indices have good applicability for research evaluation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 7197415071573085)+1 种基金the National Social Science Foundation of China (18VSJ087)the National Laboratory Center for Library and Information Science in Wuhan University。
文摘Purpose: In this contribution we provide two new co-authorship indicators based on fractional counting. Design/methodology/approach: Based on the idea of fractional counting we reflect on what should be an acceptable indicator for co-authorship between two entities. From this reflection we propose an indicator, the co-authorship score, denoted as cs, using the harmonic mean. Dividing this new indicator by the classical co-authorship indicator based on full counting, leads to a co-authorship intensity indicator.Findings: We show that the indicators we propose have many necessary or at least highly desirable properties for a proper cs-score. It is pointed out that the two new indicators can be used for countries, but also for institutions and other pairs of entities. A small example shows the feasibility of the co-authorship score and the co-authorship intensity indicator.Research limitations: The indicators are not yet tested in real cases.Practical implications: As the notions of co-authorship and collaboration have many aspects, we think that our contribution may help policy management to take yet another aspect into account as part of a multi-faceted description of research outcomes.Originality/value: The indicators we propose cover yet another aspect of co-authorship.
文摘Purpose: New developments in the study of delayed recognition are discussed.Design/methodology/approach: Based on these new developments a method is proposed to characterize delayed recognition as a fuzzy concept.Findings: A benchmark value of 0.333 corresponding with linear growth is obtained. Moreover, a case is discovered in which an expert found delayed recognition several years before citation analysis could discover this phenomenon. Research limitations: As all citation studies also this one is database dependent.Practical implications: Delayed recognition is turned into a fuzzy concept.Originality/value: The article presents a new way of studying delayed recognition.
文摘Requirements for research assessments There are huge differences in mission, emphasis, inherent capability, and targeted utilization of research among scientific institutions. Hence, when it comes to assessments, a one-size-fits-all approach cannot meet the goal(s) of these assessments. Probably even larger differences exist between individuals, research teams and departments.
文摘Purpose: Big data offer a huge challenge. Their very existence leads to the contradiction that the more data we have the less accessible they become,as the particular piece of information one is searching for may be buried among terabytes of other data. In this contribution we discuss the origin of big data and point to three challenges when big data arise: Data storage,data processing and generating insights.Design/methodology/approach: Computer-related challenges can be expressed by the CAP theorem which states that it is only possible to simultaneously provide any two of the three following properties in distributed applications: Consistency(C),availability(A) and partition tolerance(P). As an aside we mention Amdahl's law and its application for scientific collaboration. We further discuss data mining in large databases and knowledge representation for handling the results of data mining exercises. We further offer a short informetric study of the field of big data,and point to the ethical dimension of the big data phenomenon.Findings: There still are serious problems to overcome before the field of big data can deliver on its promises.Implications and limitations: This contribution offers a personal view,focusing on the information science aspects,but much more can be said about software aspects.Originality/value: We express the hope that the information scientists,including librarians,will be able to play their full role within the knowledge discovery,data mining and big data communities,leading to exciting developments,the reduction of scientific bottlenecks and really innovative applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:71173154)the National Social Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:08BZX076)the Social Science Foundation of Tongji University(Grant No.:3850219007)
文摘Purpose: This paper tries to understand the dynamics of scientific communication systems during crises by investigating as a case study the blogging activities that took place during the period of the 2011 earthquake and related events in Japan. Interactions between bloggers and registered users are studied quantitatively and qualitatively at Sciencenet.cn, an influential science-related blogosphere in China.Design/methodology/approach: The editors of Sciencenet.cn compiled a special issue of science blog articles under the title Analysis of the Japanese Earthquake. We developed a spider program and downloaded from this special issue the metadata about title, content,publishing time, total read count, reply count and recommendation count, and further collected information about bloggers and recommenders. We then sent a short message to the bloggers who wrote articles on these emergencies, asking for their educational and professional background.Findings: We found that knowledge reflected in the blog articles is strongly related to the educational and professional background of bloggers. Knowledge diffusion is facilitated by interactions, such as recommendations, comments and answers. Interactions via comments and recommendations are of an assortative nature: A blog article is more likelyto be commented on and recommended by those bloggers who write on the same or similar topics than by those writing on a different one. Registered users tend to give comments on articles dealing with the topic that they recommend, and vice versa.Interaction in the intersection of two or three topics is more intense than that within one topic. The impact of blog articles is also influenced by other factors, such as the reputation of the blogger and the type of information they contain.Implications and limitations: It is confirmed that studying blogs is a valid approach within informetric studies. Yet, we only studied one triple(earthquake, tsunami, nuclear disaster) event based on data originating from one Chinese blog website. More events should be studied.Originality/value: Informetric studies based on blogs are still relatively few. Using science blogs and combining comments on a triple event with the knowledge background of bloggers in China is even less common. As such this contribution enhances our knowledge on this new form of science communication activity.
文摘Purpose: To show for which publication-citation arrays h-type indices are equal and to reconsider rational h-type indices. Results for these research questions fill some gaps in existing basic knowledge about h-type indices.Design/methodology/approach: The results and introduction of new indicators are based on well-known definitions.Findings: The research purpose has been reached: answers to the first questions are obtained and new indicators are defined. Research limitations: h-type indices do not meet the Bouyssou-Marchant independence requirement.Practical implications: On the one hand, more insight has been obtained for well-known indices such as the h-and the g-index and on the other hand, simple extensions of existing indicators have been added to the bibliometric toolbox. Relative rational h-type indices are more useful for individuals than the existing absolute ones.Originality/value: Answers to basic questions such as "when are the values of two h-type indices equal" are provided. A new rational h-index is introduced.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant numbers 71573225 and 71974167。
文摘Purpose:Providing an overview of types of citation curves.Design/methodology/approach:The terms citation curves or citation graphs are made explicit.Findings:A framework for the study of diachronous(and synchronous)citation curves is proposed.Research limitations:No new practical applications are given.Practical implications:This short note about citation curves will help readers to make the optimal choice for their applications.Originality/value:A new scheme for the meaning of the term"citation curve"is designed.
文摘Purpose:We aim to extend our investigations related to the Relative Intensity of Collaboration(RIC)indicator,by constructing a confidence interval for the obtained values.Design/methodology/approach:We use Mantel-Haenszel statistics as applied recently by Smolinsky,Klingenberg,and Marx.Findings:We obtain confidence intervals for the RIC indicatorResearch limitations:It is not obvious that data obtained from the Web of Science(or any other database)can be considered a random sample.Practical implications:We explain how to calculate confidence intervals.Bibliometric indicators are more often than not presented as precise values instead of an approximation depending on the database and the time of measurement.Our approach presents a suggestion to solve this problem.Originality/value:Our approach combines the statistics of binary categorical data and bibliometric studies of collaboration.