知识、想象力与深度学习——与吉莉安·贾德森教授关于基兰·伊根的研究的对话

20世纪80、90年代以来,加拿大西蒙菲莎大学基兰•伊根教授带领团队开展了“富有想象力的教育”“深度学习研究项目”等研究,系统地探讨了课程知识、学习、理解、想象与想象力的本质,以及知识理解的本质与类型、知识与想象力的关系,开发了想象力培养的认知工具,提出了在学科教学中培育学生想象力的教学策略。在深度学习研究中,建立了深度学习的知识标准和教学基本准则。2006年以来,针对我国中小学课程实施中存在的问题,我们组建了深度教学研究团队。围绕教学价值观、课程知识观、教学过程观和学习活动观的转变,采取3K研究方式,探讨了指向核心素养的教与学的理念与策略,并开展了国际合作研究。围绕基兰•伊根教授关于知识、想象力与深度学习研究等方面的创新贡献,对话和访谈西蒙菲莎大学吉莉安•贾德森教授,以期为我国深化课程与教学改革,破解核心素养发展的难题提供借鉴。

Characteristics of cross transmission of gut fungal pathogens between wintering Hooded Cranes and sympatric Domestic Geese

Migratory birds travel long distance and link various pathogens.Due to habitat degradation,wintering waterfowls forage together with poultry,increasing the risk of pathogen transmission between hosts.We investigated the fungal communities between wintering Hooded Cranes and Domestic Geese by high-throughput sequencing,and inferred the potential gut pathogens for both hosts at different wintering stages.The fungal community compositions were significantly different between seasons and between the hosts.The negative correlation was found between fungal diversity and pathogenic diversity,with higher fungal diversity and less pathogenic diversity in early stage and less fungal diversity and higher pathogenic diversity in late stage for both hosts.The dissimilarity of pathogenic community compositions decreased from early to late stage,with the quantity of overlapping potential pathogenic OTUs increasing along wintering periods between the two hosts,demonstrating the existence of pathogen cross transmission between the two hosts.Furthermore,the transmission pathway of avian pathogens was mainly from Hooded Cranes to Domestic Geese while the transmission direction of human pathogens was primarily from Domestic Geese to wild cranes.Based on above results,we argued that pathogen cross transmission and underlying outbreak risk of disease should be closely monitored in migratory birds and domestic poultry.

Application of Medical Failure Mode and Effect Analysis in Preoperative Preparation for Coronary Intervention

[Objectives]To explore application effect of healthcare failure mode and effect analysis(HFMEA)in preoperative management of coronary intervention.[Methods]The preoperative management process of 455 patients who underwent coronary intervention surgery from January to March in 2022 was sorted out,and the failure modes and causes in the preoperative management were analyzed.The priority risk value was calculated,and the top 6 failure modes were found out.Improvement measures were formulated according to the causes of failure modes.Two months after the implementation of the procedure,470 patients who underwent coronary intervention surgery from May to July in 2022 were selected as the intervention group,and the optimized preoperative preparation procedure by HFMEA was adopted.The decrease of risk priority number(RPN)and RPN value of two high-risk failure modes,as well as changes in the rate of the time of taking dual-antiplatelet drugs reaching the standard,the rate of passing the dress code,the rate of timely signing of informed consent,and the rate of filling in the handover form of preoperative preparation were analyzed.[Results]The rate of the time of taking dual-antiplatelet drugs reaching the standard,the rate of passing the dress code,the rate of timely signing of informed consent,and the rate of filling in the handover form of preoperative preparation in experimental groups were higher than those of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Applying HFMEA to the management of preoperative preparation process for coronary intervention can effectively improve the timeliness and qualification rate of preoperative preparation for coronary intervention,and provide guarantee for the safe and smooth implementation of coronary intervention.

Role of TGF-β_1 in the Formation of Ovarian Interstitial Fibrosis in PCOS Rat

Objective To study the role of TGF-β1 in the formation of interstitial fibrosis and capsular thickening in the PCOS rats.Methods PCOS rat model were established by subcutaneous injection DHEA. Estradiol （E2）, testosterone （T）, follicular stimulating hormone （FSH）, luteinizing hormone （LH）, LH/FSH and fasting insulin （FINS） hormone values of the model were tested by microparticle enzyme immunoassay, the pathohistology of PCOS rat ovaries was observed by HE staining, and their ultrastructure was tested by transmission electron microscope （TEM）. The expressions of TGF-β1 in PCOS group （n =20）, and control group（n=20） were detected and evaluated by immunohistochemistry and image analysis system.Results The results of serum E2, T, LH/FSH, FINS, the ovarian pathological-histology and the ultrastructure showed that the model was established successfully. Compared with control group： there was no significant difference of TGF-β1 expression intensity in oocytes, granulosa cells of the different developing stages of follicle in PCOS （P〉0.05）. But it was markedly higher expressed in the theca cells of antral follicles （P〈0.01）, and stromal cells （P〈0.05） in PCOS group than in control group.Conclusion The abnormal expression of TGF-β1 in PCOS is the main cause of capsular thickening and interstitial fibrosis. TGF-β1 also takes part in regulating PCOS follicle development and atresia.

The expression of P63 protein in some keratinocyte original tissues and cells

Objective： To examine the expression patterns of p63 in tissues of particular keratinocyte original hyperproliferate diseases and variety cell types for determining if P63 is the marker of proliferative potential keratinocytes. Methods： P63 protein was detected and analyzed by immunoreactivity method and Western blot in biopsy specimens of keratinocyte original disorders including squamous cell carcinomas SCC, basal cell carcinomas BCC, Bowen＇ s disease and other tissues or cells, such as psoriasis vulgaris, normal skin tissues, primary cultured keratinocytes, immortal HaCaT cells, and epidermoid carcinoma cells A431. Results： P63 protein was expressed in the nuclei of basal and suprabasal layer of the epidermis, germinative cells of sebaceous glands in normal epidermal. P63 was strongly and diffusely detected in the majority of tumor cells in BCC and poorly-differentiated SCC. In Bowen＇ s disease, p63 expresses are remarkable in all cell layers. In the psoriasis plaque epidermal, p63 expressed mainly in basal cells and part of spinous cells. P63 expressed more strongly in primary cultured keratinocytes than in A431 cells or HaCaT cells. Conclusion： P63 is a nuclei marker of undifferentiated keratinocytes with the proliferative potential and may disrupt the terminal differentiation. The overexpression of p63 reflects immaturity of the tumor cells. The immunohistochemical staining of p63 may be useful for investigating the origin and differentiation of tumor cells.

High-throughput Binary Vectors for Plant Gene Function Analysis

A series of high-throughput binary cloning vectors were constructed to facilitate gene function analysis in higher plants. This vector series consists of plasmids designed for plant expression, promoter analysis, gene silencing, and green fluorescent protein fusions for protein localization. These vectors provide for high-throughput and efficient cloning utilizing sites for λ phage integrase/excisionase. In addition, unique restriction sites are incorporated in a multiple cloning site and enable promoter replacement. The entire vector series are available with complete sequence information and detailed annotations and are freely distributed to the scientific community for non-commercial uses.