Prediction of risk factors for lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer

AIM:To explore risk factors for lymph node metastases in early gastric cancer(EGC) and to confirm the appropriate range of lymph node dissection.METHODS:A total of 202 patients with EGC who underwent curative gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy in the Department of Surgery,Xinhua Hospital and Ruijin Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School between November 2003 and July 2009,were retrospectively reviewed.Both the surgical procedure and the extent of lymph node dissection were based on the recommendations of the Japanese gastric cancer treatment guidelines.The macroscopic type was classified as elevated(type Ⅰ or Ⅱa),flat(Ⅱb),or depressed(Ⅱc or Ⅲ).Histopathologically,papillary and tubular adenocarcinomas were grouped together as differentiated adenocarcinomas,and poorly differentiated and signet-ring cell adenocarcinomas were regarded as undifferentiated adenocarcinomas.Univariate and multivariate analyses of lymph node metastases and patient and tumor characteristics were undertaken.RESULTS:The lymph node metastases rate in patients with EGC was 14.4%.Among these,the rate for mucosal cancer was 5.4%,and 8.9% for submucosal cancer.Univariate analysis showed an obvious correlation between lymph node metastases and tumor location,depth of invasion,morphological classification and venous invasion(χ 2 = 122.901,P = 0.001;χ 2 = 7.14,P = 0.008;χ 2 = 79.523,P = 0.001;χ 2 = 8.687,P = 0.003,respectively).In patients with submucosal cancers,the lymph node metastases rate in patients with venous invasion(60%,3/5) was higher than in those without invasion(20%,15/75)(χ 2 = 4.301,P = 0.038).Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the depth of invasion was the only independent risk factor for lymph node metastases in EGC [P = 0.018,Exp(B) = 2.744].Among the patients with lymph node metastases,29 cases(14.4%) were at N1,seven cases were at N2(3.5%),and two cases were at N3(1.0%).Univariate analysis of variance revealed a close relationship between the depth of invasion and lymph node metastases at pN 1(P = 0.008).CONCLUSION:The depth of invasion was the only independent risk factor for lymph node metastases.Risk factors for metastases should be considered when choosing surgery for EGC.

Lymph node metastasis in gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma in male patients

AIM:To reveal the clinicopathological features and risk factors for lymph node metastases in gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma of male patients.METHODS:We retrospective reviewed a total of 146male and female patients with gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma who had undergone curative gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy in the Department of Surgery,Xin Hua Hospital and Rui Jin Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School between November2001 and May 2012.Both the surgical procedure and extent of lymph node dissection were based on the recommendations of Japanese gastric cancer treatment guidelines.Univariate and multivariate analyses of lymph node metastases and the clinicopathological features were undertaken.RESULTS:The rate of lymph node metastases in male patients with gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma was72.1%.Univariate analysis showed an obvious correlation between lymph node metastases and tumor size,gross appearance,differentiation,pathological tumor depth,and lymphatic invasion in male patients.Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that tumor differentiation and pathological tumor depth were the independent risk factors for lymph node metastases in male patients.There was an obvious relationship between lymph node metastases and tumor size,gross appearance,differentiation,pathological tumor depth,lymphatic invasion at pN1and pN2,and nerve invasion at pN3in male patients.There were no significant differences in clinicopathological features or lymph node metastases between female and male patients.CONCLUSION:Tumor differentiation and tumor depth were risk factors for lymph node metastases in male patients with gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma and should be considered when choosing surgery.

Synchronous adenocarcinoma and gastrointestinal stromal tumors in the stomach

AIM:To review the clinicopathological characteristics of concurrent gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs) and gastric adenocarcinoma.METHODS:We retrospectively analyzed eight cases of synchronous adenocarcinoma and GIST in the stomach that had been surgically resected with curative intent between March 2003 and December 2008 in Xinhua hospital and Ruijin hospital.The adenocarcinoma was determined to be the primary tumor based on the histological features.The GIST cells were diffusely and strongly positive for CD34 and CD117.RESULTS:The patients were six men and two women aged 47-80 years(average,68.6 years).GIST was preoperatively detected in only one patient.The average sizes of the gastric adenocarcinomas and GISTs were 6.000 ± 2.6186 cm and 1.825 ± 1.4370 cm,respectively.All GISTs were very low-or low-risk lesions that were detected during evaluation,staging,operation or follow-up for gastric adenocarcinoma.CONCLUSION:We hypothesized that the stomach was influenced by the same unknown carcinogen,resulting in a simultaneous proliferation of different cell lines(epithelial and stromal cell).

Three-dimensional paper-like graphene framework with highly orientated laminar structure as binder-free supercapacitor electrode

A free-standing paper-like three-dimensional graphene framework（3DGF） with orientated laminar structure and interconnected macropores, was obtained by the hard template-directed ordered assembly. As the sacrificial templates, polystyrene（PS） latex spheres were assembled with graphene oxide（GO） to build up a sandwich type composite film, followed by heat removal of which with a simultaneous reduction of GO. The 3DGF exhibited high specific surface area of 402.5 m2/g, controllable pores and mechanical flexibility, which was employed as the binder-free supercapacitor electrode and shows high specific gravimetric capacitance of 95 F/g at 0.5 A/g, with enhanced rate capability in 3 electrode KOH system.

Differences in expression of retinal proteins between diabetic and normal rats

瞄准：为了在在正常、糖尿病的老鼠之间的网膜的蛋白质的表示比较并且识别差别，并且分析网膜的疾病的分子的病原的机制，由糖尿病引起了。方法：在从糖尿病、正常的老鼠的网膜的纸巾的蛋白质表示的变化用 2-dimensional polyacrylamide 胶化电气泳动(2-DE ) 被观察。展出统计上重要的变化的一些蛋白质点(P 【 0.05 ) 随机被选择并且由双人脚踏车团分光术识别了并且由生物信息学分析了。结果：2-DE 证明表示在 5 网膜的蛋白质是起来调整的，在 23 网膜的蛋白质下面调整，并且消失在 8 网膜的蛋白质。八个点被双人脚踏车团分光术(MS/MS ) 从 36 个点识别并且由生物信息学分析了。Guanylate 激酶 1， triosephosphate 异构酶 1， 2 玩了的 ATP synthase 子单元 d，白朊和 dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 在信号转导变异的一个重要角色。Triosephosphate 异构酶 1，晶状体蛋白高山哈 B， ATP synthase 子单元 d 和 peroxiredoxin 6 涉及网膜的纸巾的能代谢。1 玩了的 Guanylate 激酶在网膜的杆光敏电阻器房间的相片刺激的一个重要角色。晶状体蛋白贝它 A1 是否在糖尿病的视网膜起一个作用，到目前为止是未知的。结论：在在糖尿病、正常的老鼠之间的网膜的蛋白质的表示有差别。这些蛋白质可以涉及糖尿病引起的网膜的疾病的机制和预后。

纳米医学中蛋白冠的化学和生物学性质及其调控策略

近年来,纳米生物医用材料的研发数量呈几何增长,但只有少数被批准在临床应用,产学研出现严重的脱节现象,这主要是由于目前对纳米材料与生物体相互作用的认知十分有限.纳米材料进入体内后,蛋白质等生物分子会不可避免地吸附在其表面形成蛋白冠(protein corona,PC),这成为纳米材料生物应用遇到的第一道生物屏障.蛋白冠的形成受到纳米材料的本征理化特性、生物流体性质以及环境因素等多方面的影响,会改变纳米材料的本征理化特性,并赋予其新的化学生物学特性,进而改变纳米材料的体内生物学行为,包括细胞摄取、免疫反应、血液循环、靶向、生物分布以及毒性等.因此,深入地理解蛋白冠的特性及其对纳米材料体内命运的影响是调控纳米材料有效性和安全性的重要科学基础.本文对蛋白冠的形成影响因素、分析方法以及产生的化学生物学效应进行了深入讨论,并强调了主动调控蛋白冠的含量、成分以及组织结构辅助纳米药物设计的新策略.最后,我们总结了目前在蛋白冠研究和认知方面存在的问题和挑战,并提出了解决方案.

Engineered Nano−Bio Interfaces for Stem Cell Therapy

Engineered nanomaterials(ENMs)with different topographies provide effective nano−bio interfaces for controlling the differentiation of stem cells.The interaction of stem cells with nanoscale topographies and chemical cues in their microenvironment at the nano−bio interface can guide their fate.The use of nanotopographical cues,in particular nanorods,nanopillars,nanogrooves,nanofibers,and nanopits,as well as biochemical forces mediated factors,including growth factors,cytokines,and extracellular matrix proteins,can significantly impact stem cell differentiation.These factors were seen as very effective in determining the proliferation and spreading of stem cells.The specific outgrowth of stem cells can be decided with size variation of topographic nanomaterial along with variation in matrix stiffness and surface structure like a special arrangement.The precision chemistry enabled controlled design,synthesis,and chemical composition of ENMs can regulate stem cell behaviors.The parameters of size such as aspect ratio,diameter,and pore size of nanotopographic structures are the main factors for specific termination of stem cells.Protein corona nanoparticles(NPs)have shown a powerful facet in stem cell therapy,where combining specific proteins could facilitate a certain stem cell differentiation and cellular proliferation.Nano−bio reactions implicate the interaction between biological entities and nanoparticles,which can be used to tailor the stem cells’culmination.The ion release can also be a parameter to enhance cellular proliferation and to commit the early differentiation of stem cells.Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms underlying the interactions between engineered nano−bio interfaces and stem cells and to develop optimized regenerative medicine and tissue engineering designs.

青藏高原大气水汽稳定同位素三维观测体系

青藏高原是南北极之外冰雪储量最大的地区,也是亚洲10条大江大河的发源地,其水循环变化会影响全球近五分之一人口的生存和发展.水汽传输是青藏高原水循环的关键过程.大气水汽稳定同位素是研究水汽传输过程和机制的新指标.本文回顾了大气水汽稳定同位素垂直剖面观测研究的发展历程和青藏高原大气水汽稳定同位素研究现状,重点介绍了自第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究启动以来,本研究团队建成的全球最大的同类地表水汽稳定同位素观测网,及结合浮空艇技术,开展的国际前沿大气水汽稳定同位素三维传输过程观测研究新进展.今后,我们将通过多学科交叉,继续拓展高精度三维(地-空)水汽稳定同位素多尺度连续观测,并结合地球系统模型,从而全面、准确地认知全球变暖背景下的青藏高原水汽传输过程和水循环变化机制,以服务于青藏高原和周边地区的水安全战略和水资源管理.

Mixed-cation perovskite solar cells in space

The metal halide perovskite materials demonstrate outstanding performance in photovoltaics because of their excellent optoelectronic properties (1-7)The perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibiting outstanding efficiency [8,9], high power-per-weight [10], and excellent radiation resistance[11-13] are considered to be promising for developing the new-generation energy technology for space application.

Protein corona in vivo: dynamic complement proteins-mediated opsonization and immune modulation

It has been well-established that blood biomolecules deposit on the surface of nanoparticles forming a protein rich layer,known as‘‘protein corona',which directly interacts with and is recognized by cells.These interactions play a critical role in affecting nanoparticle biological properties,including biodistribution[1],pathophysiology[2],and therapeutic efficacy[3].The compositions of protein corona undergo dynamic exchange in vivo and are

Application of Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis in the Research of Retinal Proteins of Diabetic Rat

Diabetes mellitus （DM） is a chronic disease which is associated with numerous serious health complications such as diabetic retinopathy, and is the leading cause of new cases of blindness in adults at the age of 20-74 years old. The aim of the study was to establish and optimize a two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis （2-DE） technique for retina proteomics to improve the resolution and reproducibility, and to observe the proteomic changes of retinal tissues in diabetic and normal rats. Proteins were extracted from retinal tissues of normal and 8 weeks diabetic SD rats and used in two-dimensional electrophoresis. Various conditions of retina proteomic 2-DE were adjusted, optimized and protein spots of differential expression were obtained through analysis of 2-DE images with PDQuest software. By choosing appropriate sample amount, using pre-cast IPG dry strips （pH 5-8） and casting 12% equal gel, satisfactory 2-DE images of retina were obtained and a steady 2-DE technique was established. In this way, we found 36 spots in 2-DE gel of diabetic retinas that exhibited statistically significant variations, including up-regulation of 5 proteins in diabetic rat retinas, down-regulation of 23, and disappearance of 8, in comparison with normal tissues. The differences of protein expression were observed in retinas between diabetic and normal rats. Our established 2-DE technique of retina proteins could be effectively applied in proteomics of retina diseases. Cellular ＆ Molecular Immunology. 2007;4（1）：65-70.

SENP1 regulates IFN-γ-STAT1 signaling throug STAT3-SOCS3 negative feedback loop

干扰素 --(IFN-) 由激活发信号的细胞内部的 JAKSTAT1 为发炎反应触发巨噬细胞。表明 1 的 cytokine (SOCS1 ) 和蛋白质酷氨酸磷酸酶的 Suppressor 能否定地调制 IFN- 发信号。这里，我们鉴别一个新奇否定反馈环由 STAT3SOCS3 调停了，它被 SENP1 紧经由蛋白质酷氨酸磷酸酶 1B (PTP1B ) 的 de-SUMOylation 控制，在 IFN- 发信号。SENP1 缺乏的巨噬细胞在 IFN- 发信号和 M1 巨噬细胞激活显示出缺点。在 SENP1 缺乏的巨噬细胞的 PTP1B 高度 SUMOylated，它减少 STAT3 的导致 PTP1B 的 de-phosphorylation。激活的 STAT3 然后经由在 SENP1 缺乏的巨噬细胞感应的 SOCS3 压制 STAT1 激活。因此， SENP1 缺乏的巨噬细胞显示减少的能力抵抗 Listeria monocytogenes 感染。这些结果在巨噬细胞极化揭示控制 SENP1 的 STAT1 和 STAT3 平衡的一个关键角色。

我国高空气球极地科学探测的初步构想

我国在极地科学探测领域起步较晚.高空科学气球是帮助我国实现极地探测快速赶超的重要手段,发挥其在原位探测、下投探测、天文观测和对地观测中的重要优势,将丰富我国在极地的科学活动,增强对极地的利用能力.

Novel,tadpole-shaped,polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane containing sulfonated block copolymer for humidity sensing

Due to the"trade-off"effect between the high water adsorption and low stability under high Relative Humidity of polymer matrix,fabrication of resistive-type polymer-based humidity sensors with a wide impedance response and excellent stability in high relative humidity remains a great challenge.Aim at solving that,a novel polymeric humidity sensing matrix,specifically a tadpole-shaped,polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane(POSS)containing block copolymers(BCPs)of POSS-poly(methyl methacrylate)-poly styrene(POSS-PMMA-SPS)were proposed.This novel BCP was synthesized using atom transfer radical polymerization(ATRP)employing a two-step approach,and following post sulfonation,a series of sulfonated BCPs(POSS-PMMA-SPS)with different sulfonation degree was obtained.The subject humidity sensors were produced using different sulfonated BCPs employing a dip-coating technique,and three wide-impedance response humidity sensors were produced.Each of these sensors exhibited an excellent humidity-sensing response of mo re than 104 within the humidity range from 11%to 95%RH.In particular,the humidity sensor S-6 that had a proper degree of sulfonation presented a relatively fast response(t90%of 11 s and 80 s in both the water adsorption and desorption processes),and superior repeatability for more than 30 days.

Practice of the integrated endocrine system course

The integrated curriculum is an important direction of the medical medical education reform under new situation and challenges of medical development.Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine has implemented the integrated curriculum reform in recent years.The endocrine system course is one of important intergrated courses and integrates relevant contents of multiple disciplines of basic medicine,diagnostics and medical imaging.Various teaching methods are adopted,such as classroom lecture,discussion,problembased learning,experimental lesson and clinical clerkship,etc.The teaching practice is carried on in several aspects:course arrangement,teaching methods,course website construction,teaching team construction and so on.