AIM:To explore risk factors for lymph node metastases in early gastric cancer(EGC) and to confirm the appropriate range of lymph node dissection.METHODS:A total of 202 patients with EGC who underwent curative gastrect...AIM:To explore risk factors for lymph node metastases in early gastric cancer(EGC) and to confirm the appropriate range of lymph node dissection.METHODS:A total of 202 patients with EGC who underwent curative gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy in the Department of Surgery,Xinhua Hospital and Ruijin Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School between November 2003 and July 2009,were retrospectively reviewed.Both the surgical procedure and the extent of lymph node dissection were based on the recommendations of the Japanese gastric cancer treatment guidelines.The macroscopic type was classified as elevated(type Ⅰ or Ⅱa),flat(Ⅱb),or depressed(Ⅱc or Ⅲ).Histopathologically,papillary and tubular adenocarcinomas were grouped together as differentiated adenocarcinomas,and poorly differentiated and signet-ring cell adenocarcinomas were regarded as undifferentiated adenocarcinomas.Univariate and multivariate analyses of lymph node metastases and patient and tumor characteristics were undertaken.RESULTS:The lymph node metastases rate in patients with EGC was 14.4%.Among these,the rate for mucosal cancer was 5.4%,and 8.9% for submucosal cancer.Univariate analysis showed an obvious correlation between lymph node metastases and tumor location,depth of invasion,morphological classification and venous invasion(χ 2 = 122.901,P = 0.001;χ 2 = 7.14,P = 0.008;χ 2 = 79.523,P = 0.001;χ 2 = 8.687,P = 0.003,respectively).In patients with submucosal cancers,the lymph node metastases rate in patients with venous invasion(60%,3/5) was higher than in those without invasion(20%,15/75)(χ 2 = 4.301,P = 0.038).Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the depth of invasion was the only independent risk factor for lymph node metastases in EGC [P = 0.018,Exp(B) = 2.744].Among the patients with lymph node metastases,29 cases(14.4%) were at N1,seven cases were at N2(3.5%),and two cases were at N3(1.0%).Univariate analysis of variance revealed a close relationship between the depth of invasion and lymph node metastases at pN 1(P = 0.008).CONCLUSION:The depth of invasion was the only independent risk factor for lymph node metastases.Risk factors for metastases should be considered when choosing surgery for EGC.展开更多
AIM:To reveal the clinicopathological features and risk factors for lymph node metastases in gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma of male patients.METHODS:We retrospective reviewed a total of 146male and female patients wit...AIM:To reveal the clinicopathological features and risk factors for lymph node metastases in gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma of male patients.METHODS:We retrospective reviewed a total of 146male and female patients with gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma who had undergone curative gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy in the Department of Surgery,Xin Hua Hospital and Rui Jin Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School between November2001 and May 2012.Both the surgical procedure and extent of lymph node dissection were based on the recommendations of Japanese gastric cancer treatment guidelines.Univariate and multivariate analyses of lymph node metastases and the clinicopathological features were undertaken.RESULTS:The rate of lymph node metastases in male patients with gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma was72.1%.Univariate analysis showed an obvious correlation between lymph node metastases and tumor size,gross appearance,differentiation,pathological tumor depth,and lymphatic invasion in male patients.Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that tumor differentiation and pathological tumor depth were the independent risk factors for lymph node metastases in male patients.There was an obvious relationship between lymph node metastases and tumor size,gross appearance,differentiation,pathological tumor depth,lymphatic invasion at pN1and pN2,and nerve invasion at pN3in male patients.There were no significant differences in clinicopathological features or lymph node metastases between female and male patients.CONCLUSION:Tumor differentiation and tumor depth were risk factors for lymph node metastases in male patients with gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma and should be considered when choosing surgery.展开更多
AIM:To review the clinicopathological characteristics of concurrent gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs) and gastric adenocarcinoma.METHODS:We retrospectively analyzed eight cases of synchronous adenocarcinoma and G...AIM:To review the clinicopathological characteristics of concurrent gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs) and gastric adenocarcinoma.METHODS:We retrospectively analyzed eight cases of synchronous adenocarcinoma and GIST in the stomach that had been surgically resected with curative intent between March 2003 and December 2008 in Xinhua hospital and Ruijin hospital.The adenocarcinoma was determined to be the primary tumor based on the histological features.The GIST cells were diffusely and strongly positive for CD34 and CD117.RESULTS:The patients were six men and two women aged 47-80 years(average,68.6 years).GIST was preoperatively detected in only one patient.The average sizes of the gastric adenocarcinomas and GISTs were 6.000 ± 2.6186 cm and 1.825 ± 1.4370 cm,respectively.All GISTs were very low-or low-risk lesions that were detected during evaluation,staging,operation or follow-up for gastric adenocarcinoma.CONCLUSION:We hypothesized that the stomach was influenced by the same unknown carcinogen,resulting in a simultaneous proliferation of different cell lines(epithelial and stromal cell).展开更多
A free-standing paper-like three-dimensional graphene framework(3DGF) with orientated laminar structure and interconnected macropores, was obtained by the hard template-directed ordered assembly. As the sacrificial ...A free-standing paper-like three-dimensional graphene framework(3DGF) with orientated laminar structure and interconnected macropores, was obtained by the hard template-directed ordered assembly. As the sacrificial templates, polystyrene(PS) latex spheres were assembled with graphene oxide(GO) to build up a sandwich type composite film, followed by heat removal of which with a simultaneous reduction of GO. The 3DGF exhibited high specific surface area of 402.5 m2/g, controllable pores and mechanical flexibility, which was employed as the binder-free supercapacitor electrode and shows high specific gravimetric capacitance of 95 F/g at 0.5 A/g, with enhanced rate capability in 3 electrode KOH system.展开更多
Engineered nanomaterials(ENMs)with different topographies provide effective nano−bio interfaces for controlling the differentiation of stem cells.The interaction of stem cells with nanoscale topographies and chemical ...Engineered nanomaterials(ENMs)with different topographies provide effective nano−bio interfaces for controlling the differentiation of stem cells.The interaction of stem cells with nanoscale topographies and chemical cues in their microenvironment at the nano−bio interface can guide their fate.The use of nanotopographical cues,in particular nanorods,nanopillars,nanogrooves,nanofibers,and nanopits,as well as biochemical forces mediated factors,including growth factors,cytokines,and extracellular matrix proteins,can significantly impact stem cell differentiation.These factors were seen as very effective in determining the proliferation and spreading of stem cells.The specific outgrowth of stem cells can be decided with size variation of topographic nanomaterial along with variation in matrix stiffness and surface structure like a special arrangement.The precision chemistry enabled controlled design,synthesis,and chemical composition of ENMs can regulate stem cell behaviors.The parameters of size such as aspect ratio,diameter,and pore size of nanotopographic structures are the main factors for specific termination of stem cells.Protein corona nanoparticles(NPs)have shown a powerful facet in stem cell therapy,where combining specific proteins could facilitate a certain stem cell differentiation and cellular proliferation.Nano−bio reactions implicate the interaction between biological entities and nanoparticles,which can be used to tailor the stem cells’culmination.The ion release can also be a parameter to enhance cellular proliferation and to commit the early differentiation of stem cells.Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms underlying the interactions between engineered nano−bio interfaces and stem cells and to develop optimized regenerative medicine and tissue engineering designs.展开更多
The metal halide perovskite materials demonstrate outstanding performance in photovoltaics because of their excellent optoelectronic properties (1-7)The perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibiting outstanding efficiency ...The metal halide perovskite materials demonstrate outstanding performance in photovoltaics because of their excellent optoelectronic properties (1-7)The perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibiting outstanding efficiency [8,9], high power-per-weight [10], and excellent radiation resistance[11-13] are considered to be promising for developing the new-generation energy technology for space application.展开更多
It has been well-established that blood biomolecules deposit on the surface of nanoparticles forming a protein rich layer,known as‘‘protein corona',which directly interacts with and is recognized by cells.These ...It has been well-established that blood biomolecules deposit on the surface of nanoparticles forming a protein rich layer,known as‘‘protein corona',which directly interacts with and is recognized by cells.These interactions play a critical role in affecting nanoparticle biological properties,including biodistribution[1],pathophysiology[2],and therapeutic efficacy[3].The compositions of protein corona undergo dynamic exchange in vivo and are展开更多
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease which is associated with numerous serious health complications such as diabetic retinopathy, and is the leading cause of new cases of blindness in adults at the age of 20-...Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease which is associated with numerous serious health complications such as diabetic retinopathy, and is the leading cause of new cases of blindness in adults at the age of 20-74 years old. The aim of the study was to establish and optimize a two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE) technique for retina proteomics to improve the resolution and reproducibility, and to observe the proteomic changes of retinal tissues in diabetic and normal rats. Proteins were extracted from retinal tissues of normal and 8 weeks diabetic SD rats and used in two-dimensional electrophoresis. Various conditions of retina proteomic 2-DE were adjusted, optimized and protein spots of differential expression were obtained through analysis of 2-DE images with PDQuest software. By choosing appropriate sample amount, using pre-cast IPG dry strips (pH 5-8) and casting 12% equal gel, satisfactory 2-DE images of retina were obtained and a steady 2-DE technique was established. In this way, we found 36 spots in 2-DE gel of diabetic retinas that exhibited statistically significant variations, including up-regulation of 5 proteins in diabetic rat retinas, down-regulation of 23, and disappearance of 8, in comparison with normal tissues. The differences of protein expression were observed in retinas between diabetic and normal rats. Our established 2-DE technique of retina proteins could be effectively applied in proteomics of retina diseases. Cellular & Molecular Immunology. 2007;4(1):65-70.展开更多
Due to the"trade-off"effect between the high water adsorption and low stability under high Relative Humidity of polymer matrix,fabrication of resistive-type polymer-based humidity sensors with a wide impedan...Due to the"trade-off"effect between the high water adsorption and low stability under high Relative Humidity of polymer matrix,fabrication of resistive-type polymer-based humidity sensors with a wide impedance response and excellent stability in high relative humidity remains a great challenge.Aim at solving that,a novel polymeric humidity sensing matrix,specifically a tadpole-shaped,polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane(POSS)containing block copolymers(BCPs)of POSS-poly(methyl methacrylate)-poly styrene(POSS-PMMA-SPS)were proposed.This novel BCP was synthesized using atom transfer radical polymerization(ATRP)employing a two-step approach,and following post sulfonation,a series of sulfonated BCPs(POSS-PMMA-SPS)with different sulfonation degree was obtained.The subject humidity sensors were produced using different sulfonated BCPs employing a dip-coating technique,and three wide-impedance response humidity sensors were produced.Each of these sensors exhibited an excellent humidity-sensing response of mo re than 104 within the humidity range from 11%to 95%RH.In particular,the humidity sensor S-6 that had a proper degree of sulfonation presented a relatively fast response(t90%of 11 s and 80 s in both the water adsorption and desorption processes),and superior repeatability for more than 30 days.展开更多
The integrated curriculum is an important direction of the medical medical education reform under new situation and challenges of medical development.Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine has implemented th...The integrated curriculum is an important direction of the medical medical education reform under new situation and challenges of medical development.Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine has implemented the integrated curriculum reform in recent years.The endocrine system course is one of important intergrated courses and integrates relevant contents of multiple disciplines of basic medicine,diagnostics and medical imaging.Various teaching methods are adopted,such as classroom lecture,discussion,problembased learning,experimental lesson and clinical clerkship,etc.The teaching practice is carried on in several aspects:course arrangement,teaching methods,course website construction,teaching team construction and so on.展开更多
基金Supported by Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School for Scientific Research,No.09XJ21013Shanghai Health Bureau for Scientific Research,No.2010029Shanghai Science and Technology Commission for Scientific Research,No.124119a0300
文摘AIM:To explore risk factors for lymph node metastases in early gastric cancer(EGC) and to confirm the appropriate range of lymph node dissection.METHODS:A total of 202 patients with EGC who underwent curative gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy in the Department of Surgery,Xinhua Hospital and Ruijin Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School between November 2003 and July 2009,were retrospectively reviewed.Both the surgical procedure and the extent of lymph node dissection were based on the recommendations of the Japanese gastric cancer treatment guidelines.The macroscopic type was classified as elevated(type Ⅰ or Ⅱa),flat(Ⅱb),or depressed(Ⅱc or Ⅲ).Histopathologically,papillary and tubular adenocarcinomas were grouped together as differentiated adenocarcinomas,and poorly differentiated and signet-ring cell adenocarcinomas were regarded as undifferentiated adenocarcinomas.Univariate and multivariate analyses of lymph node metastases and patient and tumor characteristics were undertaken.RESULTS:The lymph node metastases rate in patients with EGC was 14.4%.Among these,the rate for mucosal cancer was 5.4%,and 8.9% for submucosal cancer.Univariate analysis showed an obvious correlation between lymph node metastases and tumor location,depth of invasion,morphological classification and venous invasion(χ 2 = 122.901,P = 0.001;χ 2 = 7.14,P = 0.008;χ 2 = 79.523,P = 0.001;χ 2 = 8.687,P = 0.003,respectively).In patients with submucosal cancers,the lymph node metastases rate in patients with venous invasion(60%,3/5) was higher than in those without invasion(20%,15/75)(χ 2 = 4.301,P = 0.038).Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the depth of invasion was the only independent risk factor for lymph node metastases in EGC [P = 0.018,Exp(B) = 2.744].Among the patients with lymph node metastases,29 cases(14.4%) were at N1,seven cases were at N2(3.5%),and two cases were at N3(1.0%).Univariate analysis of variance revealed a close relationship between the depth of invasion and lymph node metastases at pN 1(P = 0.008).CONCLUSION:The depth of invasion was the only independent risk factor for lymph node metastases.Risk factors for metastases should be considered when choosing surgery for EGC.
基金Supported by Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School for Scientific Research,Grants No.09XJ21013Shanghai Health Bureau for Scientific Research,Grants No.2010029 and 2010057+1 种基金Shanghai Science and Technology Commission for Scientific Research,Grants No.124119a0300Shanghai Municipal Education Commission,Grants No.12Y2034
文摘AIM:To reveal the clinicopathological features and risk factors for lymph node metastases in gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma of male patients.METHODS:We retrospective reviewed a total of 146male and female patients with gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma who had undergone curative gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy in the Department of Surgery,Xin Hua Hospital and Rui Jin Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School between November2001 and May 2012.Both the surgical procedure and extent of lymph node dissection were based on the recommendations of Japanese gastric cancer treatment guidelines.Univariate and multivariate analyses of lymph node metastases and the clinicopathological features were undertaken.RESULTS:The rate of lymph node metastases in male patients with gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma was72.1%.Univariate analysis showed an obvious correlation between lymph node metastases and tumor size,gross appearance,differentiation,pathological tumor depth,and lymphatic invasion in male patients.Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that tumor differentiation and pathological tumor depth were the independent risk factors for lymph node metastases in male patients.There was an obvious relationship between lymph node metastases and tumor size,gross appearance,differentiation,pathological tumor depth,lymphatic invasion at pN1and pN2,and nerve invasion at pN3in male patients.There were no significant differences in clinicopathological features or lymph node metastases between female and male patients.CONCLUSION:Tumor differentiation and tumor depth were risk factors for lymph node metastases in male patients with gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma and should be considered when choosing surgery.
基金Supported by Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School for Scientific Research,No.09XJ21013Shanghai Health Bureau for Scientific Research,No.2010029Shanghai Science and Technology Commission for Scientific Research,No.124119a0300
文摘AIM:To review the clinicopathological characteristics of concurrent gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs) and gastric adenocarcinoma.METHODS:We retrospectively analyzed eight cases of synchronous adenocarcinoma and GIST in the stomach that had been surgically resected with curative intent between March 2003 and December 2008 in Xinhua hospital and Ruijin hospital.The adenocarcinoma was determined to be the primary tumor based on the histological features.The GIST cells were diffusely and strongly positive for CD34 and CD117.RESULTS:The patients were six men and two women aged 47-80 years(average,68.6 years).GIST was preoperatively detected in only one patient.The average sizes of the gastric adenocarcinomas and GISTs were 6.000 ± 2.6186 cm and 1.825 ± 1.4370 cm,respectively.All GISTs were very low-or low-risk lesions that were detected during evaluation,staging,operation or follow-up for gastric adenocarcinoma.CONCLUSION:We hypothesized that the stomach was influenced by the same unknown carcinogen,resulting in a simultaneous proliferation of different cell lines(epithelial and stromal cell).
基金financial support from the Natural Science Foundation of China(51302281 and 51402324)Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(2013011012–7)
文摘A free-standing paper-like three-dimensional graphene framework(3DGF) with orientated laminar structure and interconnected macropores, was obtained by the hard template-directed ordered assembly. As the sacrificial templates, polystyrene(PS) latex spheres were assembled with graphene oxide(GO) to build up a sandwich type composite film, followed by heat removal of which with a simultaneous reduction of GO. The 3DGF exhibited high specific surface area of 402.5 m2/g, controllable pores and mechanical flexibility, which was employed as the binder-free supercapacitor electrode and shows high specific gravimetric capacitance of 95 F/g at 0.5 A/g, with enhanced rate capability in 3 electrode KOH system.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFA1200900,2020YFA0710700 and 2021YFE0112600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071402)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB36000000)the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(CAMS)Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS2019-I2M-5-018).
文摘Engineered nanomaterials(ENMs)with different topographies provide effective nano−bio interfaces for controlling the differentiation of stem cells.The interaction of stem cells with nanoscale topographies and chemical cues in their microenvironment at the nano−bio interface can guide their fate.The use of nanotopographical cues,in particular nanorods,nanopillars,nanogrooves,nanofibers,and nanopits,as well as biochemical forces mediated factors,including growth factors,cytokines,and extracellular matrix proteins,can significantly impact stem cell differentiation.These factors were seen as very effective in determining the proliferation and spreading of stem cells.The specific outgrowth of stem cells can be decided with size variation of topographic nanomaterial along with variation in matrix stiffness and surface structure like a special arrangement.The precision chemistry enabled controlled design,synthesis,and chemical composition of ENMs can regulate stem cell behaviors.The parameters of size such as aspect ratio,diameter,and pore size of nanotopographic structures are the main factors for specific termination of stem cells.Protein corona nanoparticles(NPs)have shown a powerful facet in stem cell therapy,where combining specific proteins could facilitate a certain stem cell differentiation and cellular proliferation.Nano−bio reactions implicate the interaction between biological entities and nanoparticles,which can be used to tailor the stem cells’culmination.The ion release can also be a parameter to enhance cellular proliferation and to commit the early differentiation of stem cells.Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms underlying the interactions between engineered nano−bio interfaces and stem cells and to develop optimized regenerative medicine and tissue engineering designs.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2015CB932203)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61722501,and 61377025)+2 种基金the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.4164106)the Scientific Experimental System in Near Space of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA17000000)the General Financial Grant from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2017M620519)
文摘The metal halide perovskite materials demonstrate outstanding performance in photovoltaics because of their excellent optoelectronic properties (1-7)The perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibiting outstanding efficiency [8,9], high power-per-weight [10], and excellent radiation resistance[11-13] are considered to be promising for developing the new-generation energy technology for space application.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2016YFA0201600)the Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Research Program for Frontier Sciences(QYZDJ-SSSLH022),the Chinese Academy of Sciences Interdisciplinary Innovation Teamthe National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(11425520)
文摘It has been well-established that blood biomolecules deposit on the surface of nanoparticles forming a protein rich layer,known as‘‘protein corona',which directly interacts with and is recognized by cells.These interactions play a critical role in affecting nanoparticle biological properties,including biodistribution[1],pathophysiology[2],and therapeutic efficacy[3].The compositions of protein corona undergo dynamic exchange in vivo and are
文摘Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease which is associated with numerous serious health complications such as diabetic retinopathy, and is the leading cause of new cases of blindness in adults at the age of 20-74 years old. The aim of the study was to establish and optimize a two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE) technique for retina proteomics to improve the resolution and reproducibility, and to observe the proteomic changes of retinal tissues in diabetic and normal rats. Proteins were extracted from retinal tissues of normal and 8 weeks diabetic SD rats and used in two-dimensional electrophoresis. Various conditions of retina proteomic 2-DE were adjusted, optimized and protein spots of differential expression were obtained through analysis of 2-DE images with PDQuest software. By choosing appropriate sample amount, using pre-cast IPG dry strips (pH 5-8) and casting 12% equal gel, satisfactory 2-DE images of retina were obtained and a steady 2-DE technique was established. In this way, we found 36 spots in 2-DE gel of diabetic retinas that exhibited statistically significant variations, including up-regulation of 5 proteins in diabetic rat retinas, down-regulation of 23, and disappearance of 8, in comparison with normal tissues. The differences of protein expression were observed in retinas between diabetic and normal rats. Our established 2-DE technique of retina proteins could be effectively applied in proteomics of retina diseases. Cellular & Molecular Immunology. 2007;4(1):65-70.
基金supported by Natural Science and Technology Agency of Shaanxi Province(No.2019KW-024)fundamentalresearch funds for the central universities(No.310201911 fz050)the Open Fund for Key Lab of Guangdong High Property and Functional Macromolecular Materials(No.20190015)。
文摘Due to the"trade-off"effect between the high water adsorption and low stability under high Relative Humidity of polymer matrix,fabrication of resistive-type polymer-based humidity sensors with a wide impedance response and excellent stability in high relative humidity remains a great challenge.Aim at solving that,a novel polymeric humidity sensing matrix,specifically a tadpole-shaped,polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane(POSS)containing block copolymers(BCPs)of POSS-poly(methyl methacrylate)-poly styrene(POSS-PMMA-SPS)were proposed.This novel BCP was synthesized using atom transfer radical polymerization(ATRP)employing a two-step approach,and following post sulfonation,a series of sulfonated BCPs(POSS-PMMA-SPS)with different sulfonation degree was obtained.The subject humidity sensors were produced using different sulfonated BCPs employing a dip-coating technique,and three wide-impedance response humidity sensors were produced.Each of these sensors exhibited an excellent humidity-sensing response of mo re than 104 within the humidity range from 11%to 95%RH.In particular,the humidity sensor S-6 that had a proper degree of sulfonation presented a relatively fast response(t90%of 11 s and 80 s in both the water adsorption and desorption processes),and superior repeatability for more than 30 days.
基金financially supported by Shanghai University Undergraduate Key Teaching Reform Project(2015)
文摘The integrated curriculum is an important direction of the medical medical education reform under new situation and challenges of medical development.Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine has implemented the integrated curriculum reform in recent years.The endocrine system course is one of important intergrated courses and integrates relevant contents of multiple disciplines of basic medicine,diagnostics and medical imaging.Various teaching methods are adopted,such as classroom lecture,discussion,problembased learning,experimental lesson and clinical clerkship,etc.The teaching practice is carried on in several aspects:course arrangement,teaching methods,course website construction,teaching team construction and so on.